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نتیجه جستجو - Exchange

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 441
ردیف عنوان نوع
71 Long term durability test of open-cathode fuel cell system under actual operating conditions
تست دوام طولانی مدت سیستم سلول سوختی کاتد آزاد در شرایط عملیاتی واقعی-2020
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are promising energy conversion solutions for both stationary and transportation applications. However, for the latter application, durability still needs to be improved in order to compete with internal combustion engine. Therefore, many researches have been carried out to improve their design, materials, reliability and energy management. A good understanding of the degradation mechanisms is one of the keys to a better durability. However, these degradation mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The purpose of this paper is to present a long term durability test performed on a commercial 1 kW open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell system during more than 5000 h under specific operating conditions that aim at reproducing driving cycles, including electrical solicitations, idle, start-up, shutdown, and environmental temperature conditions. This study presents voltage, efficiency and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements evolution all along the system operating duration. Results are used to investigate and understand effects of ambient temperature on the PEMFC system performance and degradation. Analyses could be used in further studies to improve energy management and extend the system durability.
Keywords: Fuel cell system | Fuel cell aging | Long term durability test | Fuel cell experimental data
مقاله انگلیسی
72 How do hotels adapt their pricing strategies to macroeconomic factors?
چگونه هتل ها استراتژی های قیمت گذاری خود را با عوامل اقتصاد کلان تطبیق می دهند؟-2020
The hospitality industry is naturally highly sensitive to subtle changes in the external environment, and its performance is affected by various external factors. Therefore, hoteliers should carefully monitor the various macroeconomic indicators affecting the market, when making important strategic management decisions. In particular, hotels’ pricing decisions are important because they play a crucial role in the determination of hotel revenue and in the process of profit maximization. In this paper we classify hotels by business model (i.e., chain management, franchise and independent) and analyze how these different types of hotels in Switzerland adapt their pricing strategies to macroeconomic factors (i.e., exchange rate, room supply and market demand). We find that hotels adopting different business models react differently to the same macro shock. Implications of our findings and future research directions are discussed.
Keywords: Room supply | Pricing strategy | Exchange rate | Macro-economic factor | Market demand
مقاله انگلیسی
73 Effects of a mandatory local currency pricing law on the exchange rate pass-through
تأثیر قانون اجباری قیمت گذاری ارز محلی بر تصویب نرخ ارز-2020
This paper discusses whether Law 28300 of 2004, that required Peruvian firms to express their prices in Peru’s currency in a context of high price dollarization, affected the exchange rate pass-through (ERPT). We hypothesize that the enactment of the Law introduced menu costs for firms that used to set their prices in dollars, prompting several of them to make a permanent switch to pricing in local currency. Using disaggregated consumer price index (CPI) data, we find that, following passage of the Law, the ERPT was completely offset for non-durable goods with dollarized prices, and partially offset for durable goods with dollarized prices. These effects may vary due to differences in imported component shares, market power, and markup pricing
Keywords: Exchange-rate pass through | Price dollarization | Local currency pricing
مقاله انگلیسی
74 An echo state network architecture based on quantum logic gate and its optimization
معماری شبکه ای حالت اکو مبتنی بر دروازه منطق کوانتومی و بهینه سازی آن-2020
Quantum neural network (QNN) is developed based on two classical theories of quantum computation and artificial neural networks. It has been proved that quantum computing is an important candidate for improving the performance of traditional neural networks. In this work, inspired by the QNN, the quantum computation method is combined with the echo state networks (ESNs), and a hybrid model namely quantum echo state network (QESN) is proposed. Firstly, the input training data is converted to quantum state, and the internal neurons in the dynamic reservoir of ESN are replaced by qubit neurons. Then in order to maintain the stability of QESN, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is applied to the model for the parameter optimizations. The synthetic time series and real financial application datasets (Standard & Poor’s 500 index and foreign exchange) are used for performance evaluations, where the ESN, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMAX) are used as the benchmarks. Results show that the proposed PSO-QESN model achieves a good performance for the time series predication tasks and is better than the benchmarking algorithms. Thus, it is feasible to apply quantum computing to the ESN model, which provides a novel method to improve the ESN performance.
Keywords: Quantum computation | Echo state network | Particle swarm optimization | Time series | Financial applications
مقاله انگلیسی
75 Is hybrid AI suited for hybrid threats? Insights from social media analysis
آیا هوش مصنوعی ترکیبی برای تهدیدهای ترکیبی مناسب است؟ بینش از تحلیل رسانه های اجتماعی-2020
Social media create the opportunity for a truly connected world and change the way people communicate, exchange ideas and organize themselves into virtual communities. Both understanding online behavior and processing online content are of strategic importance for security applications. However, high volumes, noisy data and rapid changes of topics impose challenges that hinder the efficacy of classification models and the relevance of semantic models. This paper performs a comparative analysis on supervised, unsupervised and semantic-driven approaches used to analyze social data streams. The goal of the paper is to determine whether empirical findings support the enhancement of decision support and pattern recognition applications. The paper reports on research that has used various approaches to identify hidden patterns in social data collections where text is highly unstructured, comes with a mix of modalities and has potentially incorrect spatial-temporal stamps. The conclusion reports that the disconnected use of machine learning models and semantic-driven approaches in mining social media data has several weaknesses.
Index Terms: social networks | hybrid AI | defense and security
مقاله انگلیسی
76 Advancing social media derived information messaging and management: A multi-mode development perspective
پیشبرد پیام رسانی و مدیریت اطلاعات مشتق شده از رسانه های اجتماعی: چشم انداز توسعه چند حالته-2020
With global reach of over 2 billion active users, the evolution of Social Media (SM) systems has provided organizations with sophisticated tools and technologies for delivering business objectives. Importantly, while marketers and public relations experts have taken leading positions in promotion and advancement of SM, project managers are often tasked with delivering SM systems. In this study, a sample of 127 project managers were asked to evaluate and recommend modes of SM development for six diverse firms using a four-part taxonomy. The results show that firms of varying size can employ narrowly focused and low cost SM development modes to meet their business objectives, with well-resourced firms able to use experimental modes to deliver widespread and higher cost ‘listen and learn’ SM systems. Alternatively, in addition to achieving groundswell promotions and broader business marketing and sales influencing objectives, firms that engage in large scale SM developments can document and implement SM best practices and apply multi-organizational collaborations required for information exchange, customer feedback and experience sharing. These managerial perspectives expose the intrinsic connections between SM systems and information messaging and management within firms. The article builds further into cumulative studies directed at SM systems construction, deployment, and firm capability affordances.
Keywords: Social media | Development | Mode | Messaging | Systems
مقاله انگلیسی
77 A review on heat enhancement in thermal energy conversion and management using Field Synergy Principle
مروری بر افزایش گرما در تبدیل انرژی و مدیریت انرژی حرارتی با استفاده از اصل فیلد سینرژی-2020
How to improve the efficiency of heat transport, conversion and management has been the research focus of thermal energy application and related disciplines. Since the Field Synergy Principle theory was put forward, it has been further studied and developed in a wider scope which is an effective research method for enhancing convective heat transfer and other heat transfer processes. This paper investigated the optimization applications in thermal transfer such as heat exchangers, fuel cell, porous medium, solar energy receiver vortex generators and diesel particulate filter, which can improve the heat transfer performance significantly. The field synergy direct application can improve the heat transfer capacity of the finned heat exchanger remarkably with a 7% increase of heat transfer capability and about 14.4% less aluminum for the fin. The heat transfers efficient of the wave fin with elliptic improved 30% with the larger averaged intersection angle compared to wavy fin after field synergy optimized. Better use effects have emphasized the utilization of the synergy approaches to enhance the heat transfer combined with other theories, the total time rates of entropy generation are 7.3×10−2 W·K−1 and that is 8.2×10−2 W·K−1 after field synergy and minimum entropy generation principle majorization with the same viscous dissipation of 2.4×10−8 W. The research results explore extensions of the field synergy theory highly desirable attributes to more diverse and broader applications, which provide a way of thinking and research method for the further thermal energy conversion and management development as far as possible.
Keywords: Field Synergy Principle | Convective heat transfer | Heat transfer | Energy conversion and management | Heat enhancement
مقاله انگلیسی
78 Building to Vehicle to Building concept: A comprehensive parametric and sensitivity analysis for decision making aims
ساختن به وسایل نقلیه برای مفهوم ساختن : یک تحلیل پارامتری جامع و حساسیت برای اهداف تصمیم گیری-2020
This paper focuses on the energy and economic analysis of the Building To Vehicle To Building (V2B2) concept, conducted through a comprehensive parametric and sensitivity analysis. The idea behind this novel vehicle to building energy management is to exploit the use of electric vehicles as energy vectors to exchange electricity among buildings with the aim to accelerate the development of a novel zero energy paradigm, while promoting the deployment of renewable energy sources, accelerating the widespread usage of electric vehicles, and streamlining the regulation of charging stations in our future communities. In order to evaluate the potentials of the proposed schemes, a comprehensive parametric analysis is conducted to size the design and operating parameters which maximize the self-production and self-consumption of building integrated renewable energy technologies at a cluster level. The paper investigates the energy and economic performance of different V2B2 energy management schemes including a residential building, an office building, and an electric vehicle, which feature a basic cluster of human-linked energy consumers. The study is conducted by means of a novel in-house developed dynamic simulation tool, suitably enhanced to model the system operation. Numerical results, obtained for a representative weather zone (Mediterranean climate of Naples, South-Italy), show that through the V2B2 scheme, a remarkable exploitation of off-site renewable energy production is achieved, producing a significant reduction of fossil fuel consumption from the grid
Keywords: Net zero energy building | Solar energy | Building to Vehicle to Building V2B2 | Vehicle to Building V2H | Parametric and sensitivity analysis | Dynamic simulation
مقاله انگلیسی
79 Governing through care: A qualitative assessment of team play between police and nurses for people with mental illness
مراقبت از طریق حاکمیت : ارزیابی کیفی و بازی تیمی بین پلیس و پرستاران برای مبتلایان به بیماری روانی-2020
The nexus between law enforcement and public health represents a new and emerging policy field. Yet, most scholarly work has been devoted to police attitudes and interventions involving people affected by mental illness. This paper draws attention to a law enforcement – public health partnership in Amsterdam, the capital city of the Netherlands. We present a qualitative study based on interviews and some observations. Three major themes emerged from our fieldwork that involved policy makers, community police officers, and district nurses: how these officers and nurses perceive the problem of disorderly and confused people, how they work together in practice, and how they relate to a wider network of many other players. We argue that community police officers and district nurses have developed a kind of informal ‘team play’ consisting of three steps: receiving and analysing a signal, undertaking action, and providing aftercare. These steps offer a preventative approach aimed at avoiding and forestalling crisis situations. Difficulties arise in terms of tracing so-called ‘care avoiders’ (people who do not present a ‘readiness for treatment’), hampered information exchange, and the governance of partners beyond our respondents own organisations. In particular, we argue that todays society is not only governed through crime, but also through care. There is no such thing as a robust ‘punitive complex’ in which policing and criminal justice logics prevail. Rather, we witness a multi-agency network of police, public health, mental health, youth care housing associations and other nodal actors, each with their own bureaucratic logics and working methods tending to clash with, or even undermine, informal team play on the streets.
Keywords: Mental illness | Law enforcement | Public health | Street-level professionals
مقاله انگلیسی
80 Artificial intelligence (AI) and value co-creation in B2B sales: Activities, actors and resources
هوش مصنوعی و ایجاد ارزش در فروش B2B: فعالیت ها ، بازیگران و منابع-2020
Continuous advances in information technologies, such as Artificial intelligence (AI), are opening up new and exciting opportunities for value co-creation between economic actors. However, little is known about the mechanisms and the process of value co-creation enabled by AI. While scholars agree that AI tech- nology significantly changes human activities and human resources, currently we do not have an ade- quate understanding of how humans and AI technology interact in value co-creation. This is the central phenomenon investigated in this article. Specifically, using Service-Dominant Logic (S-DL) as a lens, this study investigates the activities, roles and resources that are exchanged in AI-enabled value co-creation, using the creation of competitive intelligence as a research context. The analysis suggests that AI-enabled value co-creation processes are complex interactions between human and non-human actors who per- form any of six different roles either jointly or independently. This article contributes to SD-L and pro- vides a deeper understanding of the activities (the ‘how’), the actors (the ‘who’), and the resources (the ‘what’) in AI-enabled value co-creation, thus helping to close an identified gap in the literature.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence | Value c o-creation | Service-dominant logic | Competitive intelligence | Machine learning | B2B marketing, B2B sales resources | Operant resources | Operand resources
مقاله انگلیسی
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