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نتیجه جستجو - FDI

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 30
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Judicial institutions of property rights protection and foreign direct investment inflows
نهادهای قضایی حمایت از حقوق مالکیت و ورود سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی-2020
Despite a growing consensus that host country institutions affect the spatial distribution of foreign direct investment, there is a debate about which institutions drive this relationship. This study contributes to this debate by examining the relationship between foreign direct investment net inflows and three judicial institutions of property rights protection: judicial contract enforcement, judicial independence, and judicial impartiality. I evaluate this relationship by applying the system-GMM estimation approach to a sample of 150 countries covering the period 2000–16. I find robust evidence of positive relationships between FDI net inflows and both judicial independence and judicial impartiality. On the other hand, judicial contract enforcement appears to be weakly related to FDI net inflows. The results are robust to alternative specifications and estimation methods, including the instrumental variables approach. While the findings of this study reinforce the notion that host country institutions matter for foreign direct investment, they, more importantly, underscore the merits of unbundling institutions to understand their impact on multinational firm activity.
Keywords: Judicial contract enforcement | Judicial independence | Judicial impartiality | Foreign direct investment | Multinational enterprises | System-GMM estimation
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Foreign venture presence and domestic entrepreneurship: A macro level study
حضور سرمایه گذاری خارجی و کارآفرینی داخلی: مطالعه ای در سطح کلان-2020
Building upon the literature of necessity- and opportunity-driven entrepreneurship, this study explores how the presence of foreign ventures affect domestic entrepreneurship. We hypothesize that foreign ventures reduce necessity-driven entrepreneurship by diminishing unemployment in domestic economies, and stimulate opportunity-driven entrepreneurship by increasing knowledge stocks in domestic economies. Empirical results based on country-level longitudinal data of 30 countries from 1980 through 2008 support our hypotheses. We conclude that over time, domestic economies with more foreign ventures might have more opportunity- driven entrepreneurial activities and less necessity- driven entrepreneurial activities. Thus, foreign ventures can change the structure of domestic entrepreneurship in host countries.© 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Foreign venture | FDI | Unemployment | Knowledge Spillover | Entrepreneurship | Macro
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Accurate and robust deep learning-based segmentation of the prostate clinical target volume in ultrasound images
تقسیم بندی دقیق و قوی بر اساس یادگیری عمیق از حجم هدف بالینی پروستات در تصاویر سونوگرافی-2019
The goal of this work was to develop a method for accurate and robust automatic segmentation of the prostate clinical target volume in transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images for brachytherapy. These images can be difficult to segment because of weak or insufficient landmarks or strong artifacts. We devise a method, based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), that produces accurate segmentations on easy and difficult images alike. We propose two strategies to achieve improved segmentation accuracy on diffi- cult images. First, for CNN training we adopt an adaptive sampling strategy, whereby the training process is encouraged to pay more attention to images that are difficult to segment. Secondly, we train a CNN ensemble and use the disagreement among this ensemble to identify uncertain segmentations and to estimate a segmentation uncertainty map. We improve uncertain segmentations by utilizing the prior shape information in the form of a statistical shape model. Our method achieves Hausdorffdistance of 2.7 ±2.3 mm and Dice score of 93.9 ±3.5%. Comparisons with several competing methods show that our method achieves significantly better results and reduces the likelihood of committing large segmentation errors. Furthermore, our experiments show that our approach to estimating segmentation uncertainty is better than or on par with recent methods for estimation of prediction uncertainty in deep learning mod- els. Our study demonstrates that estimation of model uncertainty and use of prior shape information can significantly improve the performance of CNN-based medical image segmentation methods, especially on difficult images.
Keywords: Image segmentation | Model uncertainty | Shape models | Clustering | Deep learning
مقاله انگلیسی
4 A comparison of community bank failures and FDIC losses in the 1986-92 and 2007-13 banking crises
مقایسه عدم موفقیت بانکهای جامعه و ضررهای FDIC در بحرانهای بانکی 1986-92 و 2007-133-2019
Failures and FDIC losses for community banks during the banking crises of the late 1980s and late 20 0 0s are compared. Despite increases in risky commercial real estate (CRE) lending and more severe economic shocks in the recent crisis, failure rates were lower. We find that other changes in bank characteristics, like higher capital, made community banks more resilient to shocks. In contrast, FDIC losses on failed banks were higher. These are not explained by changes in CRE exposure or economic shocks. We find that an interest-receivable variable is predictive of failures and FDIC losses. Implications for prompt corrective action are discussed .
Keywords: Bank regulation | Bank failures | Prompt corrective action | FDIC losse
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Ultrasound image segmentation using a novel multi-scale Gaussian kernel fuzzy clustering and multi-scale vector field convolution
قطعه بندی تصویر اولتراسوند با استفاده از یک خوشه بندی فازی هسته ای گاوسی چند مقیاسی و پیچیدگی میدان بردار چند مقیاسی-2019
Ultrasound imaging is most popular technique used for breast cancer screening. Lesion segmentation is challenging step in characterization of breast ultrasound (US) based Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems due to presence of speckle noise, shadowing effect etc. The aim of this study is to develop an automatic lesion segmentation technique in breast US with high accuracy even in presence of noises, artifacts and multiple lesions. This article presents a novel clustering method called Multi-scale Gaussian Kernel induced Fuzzy C -means (MsGKFCM) for segmentation of lesions in automatically extracted Region of Interest (ROI) in US to delimit the border of the mass. Further, a hybrid approach using MsGKFCM and Multi-scale Vector Field Convolution (MsVFC) is proposed to obtain an accurate lesion margin in breast US images. Initially, the images are filtered using speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion (SRAD) technique. Subsequently, MsGKFCM is applied on filtered images to segment the mass and detect an appropriate cluster center. The detected cluster center is further used by MsVFC to determine the accurate lesion margin. The proposed technique is evaluated on 127 US images using measures such as Jaccard Index, Dice similarity, Shape similarity, Hausdroffdifference, Area difference, Accuracy, F -measure and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The empirical results suggest that the proposed approach can be used as an expert system to assist medical professionals by providing objective evidences in breast lesion detection. Results obtained are so far looking promising and effective in comparison to state-of-the-art algorithms.
Keywords: Ultrasound image segmentation | Speckle reduction | Multi-scale Gaussian kernel induced fuzzy | C -means | Multi-scale vector field convolution
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Effects of FDI on entrepreneurship: Evidence from Right-to-Work and non-Right-to-Work states
اثر سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی در زمینه کارآفرینی:شواهدی از دولت های راست کار و غیر حق کار-2019
This paper investigates the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on entrepre-neurial activity at the individual- owner level in U.S. states between 1996 and 2008. Our results indicate that FDI has no effect on entrepreneurship in pro-business states identified by the existence of Right-to-Work (RTW) laws. In non-RTW states, however, we find that an increase in FDI decreases the average monthly rate of business creation and destruction. Specifically, a 10% increase in FDI decreases the average monthly rate of business creation and destruction by roughly 4 and 2.5% (relative to the sample mean), respectively.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship | FDI | Right-to-Work laws | Self-employment
مقاله انگلیسی
7 The international investment in theme parks: Spatial distribution and decision-making mechanism, an empirical study for China
سرمایه گذاری بین المللی در پارکهای موضوعی: توزیع فضایی و مکانیزم تصمیم گیری و مطالعه تجربی برای چین-2018
Along with the globalization of foreign direct investment (FDI), tourism, as the earliest and largest international industry, draws a growing investor attention. Admittedly, the investment destination choice on the macro national level has been studied widely, while, micro place decision making has been mostly neglected. This paper aims to fill this gap by highlighting the micro location choice of international investment, based on the international investment in theme parks (IITP) in China. In order to understand foreign tourism investment behavior in China, the paper analyzed IITP by spatial pattern and decision-making mechanism since 1990s. The results not only reveal the background and status of IITP in China, which is the biggest tourism market, but, more fundamentally, also benefit investors and local stakeholders in understanding the decision-making mechanism for micro place choice of IITPs. In addition, the paper provides clear understanding of the roles played by economic factors, based on the Hierarchical Analysis on Decision-making Mechanism, which offers an innovative view to study IITP. Under identical national environments, provincial-level factors are more important to attract international tourism investment than city-level ones.
keywords: International investment in theme parks |Spatial distribution |Location choice |Decision-making mechanism |China
مقاله انگلیسی
8 FDI technology spillovers in the mining industry: Lessons from South Africas mining sector
خروجی های تکنولوژی FDI در صنعت معدن: درس های بخش معدن آفریقای جنوبی-2018
Resource-rich countries are increasingly aiming to benefit from technology and knowledge spillovers in their extractive industries. In order to enhance knowledge spillovers, host country governments require natural re sources companies to hire and train local workers, to engage in supplier development programs, and to be active in cooperative research agreements with local partners. Based on the South African innovation survey, this paper shows that companies active in the natural resources sector will more likely introduce product or process in novations if they engage in cooperative research agreements with foreign customers or suppliers. Furthermore, compared to mining companies and downstream firms, mining suppliers are more likely to introduce product innovations that are new to the market. Furthermore, the absorptive capacity of firms, proxied by a firms own investment in R&D is an important determinant of both product and process innovations by firms in the mining sector. Finally, firms with more skilled workers will more likely introduce new or significantly improved ser vices.
Keywords: Foreign direct investment ،Extractive industries ، Multinational enterprises ، Technology transfer ، Spillovers ، Mining R&D
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Performance of foreign banks in developing countries: Evidence from sub-Saharan African banking markets
عملکرد بانکهای خارجی در کشورهای درحال توسعه: شواهدی از بازارهای بانکداری آفریقای صحرایی-2018
Do foreign banks perform better than domestic banks in host developing economies? Relying on financial statements and survey data I compare the performance of three different categories of foreign banks to the group of domestic banks in sub-Saharan Africa: global banks from developed countries, regional African banks and banks from non-African emerging economies. While emerging-market banks and global banks consistently outperform domestic banks, the difference is not significant for regional African banks. The higher performance of global banks and emerging-market banks is related to higher operational efficiency and lower cost of funding, while there is no strong evidence of segmentation by business segment in the loans market. Regional African banks, which started their foreign expansion more recently, are less able to generate interest income compared to domestic banks. These findings highlight the importance of taking into account foreign banks’ heterogeneity when assessing the impact of financial FDI on the host economy.
keywords: Foreign direct investment |International banking |Performance
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Crossing borders with social media: Online social networks and FDI
عبور از مرزها با رسانه های اجتماعی: شبکه های اجتماعی آنلاین و سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی -2017
Social media is embedded in todays internationalization strategy. Companies extend their reach into foreign countries by posting and tweeting. Firms also enhance their mobile capabilities in foreign markets (e.g., knowledge and reputation) through user-generated content in online social networks. Levering on the capabilities-based theory of the multinational enterprise, this paper builds upon a resource-based, industry/network-based, and institution-based view framework. The study provides a comprehensive conceptual and empirical model to explain the effect of social networks on foreign direct investment. Empirical analysis in a global panel dataset of >4500 multinational enterprises suggests that online social networks activity stimulates foreign capital expenditure and new affiliates. In addition, the article explores the relevance of customer capabilities along with sectoral and institutional moderating effects.
Keywords: Internalization theory | Capability-based view | Foreign direct investment | Networking technologies | Social media | Online social networks
مقاله انگلیسی
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