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نتیجه جستجو - Farming systems

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 6
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Precision livestock farming, automats and new technologies: possible applications in extensive dairy sheep farming
دامداری دقیق ، اتومات و فناوری های جدید: کاربردهای احتمالی در دام گسترده تولید گوسفند شیری-2020
Precision livestock farming (PLF) technologies are becoming increasingly common in modern agriculture. They are frequently integrated with other new technologies in order to improve human–livestock interactions, pro- ductivity and economical sustainability of modern farms. New systems are constantly being developed for concentrated farming operations as well as for extensive and pasture-based farming systems. The development of technologies for grazing animals is of particular interest for the Mediterranean extensive sheep farming sector. Dairy sheep farming is a typical production system of the area linked to its historical and cultural traditions. The area provides roughly 40% of the world sheep milk, having 27% of the milk-producing ewes. Developed countries of the area (France, Italy, Greece and Spain – FIGS) have highly specialized production systems improved through animal selection, feeding techniques and intensification of production. However, extensive systems are still practiced alongside intensive ones due to their lower input costs and better resilience to market fluctuations. In the current article, we evaluate possible PLF systems and their suitability to be incorporated in extensive dairy sheep farming as practiced in the FIGS countries. Available products include: electronic identification systems (now mandatory in the EU) such as ear tags, ruminal boluses and sub-cutaneous radio-frequency identification; on-animal sensors such as accelerometers, global positioning system) and social activity loggers; and stationary management systems such as walk-over-weights, automatic drafter (AD), virtual fencing and milking parlourrelated technologies. The systems were considered according to their suitability for the management and business model common in dairy sheep farming. However, adoption of new technologies does not take place immediately in small and medium scale extensive farmer. As sheep farmers usually belong to more conservative technology consumers, characterized by average age of 60 and a very transparent community, dynamics which does not favor financial risk taking involved with new technologies. Financial barriers linked to production volumes and resource management of extensive farming are also a barrier for innovation. However, future prospective could increase the importance of technology and promote its wider adoption. Trends such as global sheep milk economics, global warming, awareness to animal welfare, antibiotics resistance and European agricultural policies could influence the farming practices and stimulate wider adoption of PLF systems in the near future.© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Animal Consortium. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).IThplicationsAs precision livestock farming systems become ever more permanent in modern agriculture, their adoption in extensive farming is gradually taking place. As extensive Mediterranean dairy sheep production holds global importance in agricultural economics, possible solutions and precision livestock farming options could be considered. However, as in many other parts of the world, farmers’ acceptance and openness towards new technologies remains relatively low. Possible developments such as global warming, consumer awareness, global and local economics and European Union policies could change the current status and increase the adoption of precision livestock farming systems in the sector.
Keywords: Extensive farming | Farmers acceptance | New technologies | Precision livestock farming | Sheep
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Disadvantage and economic viability: characterising vulnerabilities and resilience in upland farming systems
معایب و دوام اقتصادی: توصیف آسیب پذیری ها و انعطاف پذیری در سیستم های کشاورزی مرتفع-2020
Less Favoured Areas (LFA) were designated to support farming activity on land with limited productive po- tential. However, progressive land abandonment in these areas questions the rationale and targeting of support payments to maintain viable farming enterprises. Using micro level data on farm businesses over the period 2003-2016 matched to land capability and spatial data we identify the distribution of viable and vulnerable enterprises in Less Favoured Areas. We find five categories of household based on progressive quality of life thresholds, namely i. vulnerable, ii. sustainable, iii. viable, iv. resilient, and v. robust. A proportional odds model measured the effect of biophysical and remote disadvantage on predicting these states of viability, along with farm family lifecycle factors. Whilst we would expect higher proportions of disadvantaged farmland to be ne- gatively related to viability, when combined with rural remoteness this increases the magnitude of the effect. However, clear succession planning and tenancy arrangements suggest that approaches to management of the business and the farm family life-cycle may overcome some of these disadvantages. These results have to be considered against the UK’s planned withdrawal from the Common Agricultural Policy. This offers opportunities to provide a more nuanced approach to targeting and supporting disadvantaged regions beyond current criteria. However, there would seem to be dissonance between the proposed payment for public goods agenda, which is results orientated, and support for correcting natural disadvantages where opportunities for delivery of these public goods will be limited.
Keywords: Less favoured areas | Proportional odds model | Payment for public goods | Brexit
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Farmers’ perceptions and management of risk in rice/shrimp farming systems in South-West Coastal Bangladesh
برداشت کشاورزان و مدیریت ریسک در برنج / میگو و سیستم های کشاورزی در جنوب غربی ساحل بنگلادش-2020
Farmers in Bangladesh face considerable risk due to fluctuations in biophysical and economic conditions, but the response to these risks is poorly understood. In particular, there is a need to better understand the endogenous management of risk in the rice/shrimp farming systems that have emerged in the inner coastal zone of Bangladesh. This paper draws on a case study of a typical rice/shrimp farming village in Khulna District to explore: (a) farmers’ perceptions of risks and their management responses, (b) risk-return trade-offs within small-, medium-, and large-farm households, and (c) the role of other farm and non-farm activities in mitigating risks to household livelihoods. Farm-level data were collected through a reconnaissance survey, a village census, household case studies, and a sample survey of 73 households. Representative farm budgets were constructed for the three farm-size classes. The key performance indicators calculated were gross margin (GM), net income (NI), and GM per workday of family labour. The riskiness of the rice/shrimp system was assessed for each farm type using farmers’ estimates of low, normal, and high yields and prices to specify triangular distributions. Cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) for GM, NI, and GM per workday were generated. A whole-farm economic analysis was also conducted to assess the relative contributions of different sources of income for each farm type. With access to saline water for shrimp farming in the dry season and fresh water for rice in the wet season, farmers have developed and progressively adapted an alternating rice/shrimp farming system that has minimised the trade-offs between the two crops and provides a good return to household and village resources for all farm types. The system is subject to significant production and market risks, especially the shrimp component. However, farmers have clearly perceived these risks and ameliorated them through a range of production, marketing, and management strategies. With these risk management practices, the rice/shrimp cropping system is economically viable, given the current variation in yields and prices. The greater risk associated with the shrimp component was offset by the renewed stability of the rice component over the past decade, and the risks of the whole cropping system were offset by other farm and non-farm sources of livelihood. Development interventions need to work with farmers to provide further options (suitable rice varieties, solutions to shrimp disease, improved village and transport infrastructure) if this resilience is to be maintained.
Keywords: Production risk | Market risk | Risk management | Rice | Shrimp | Farming systems | Farm economics | Coastal environment | Sustainability
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Farming systems and their business strategies in south-western Australia: A decadal assessment of their profitability
سیستم های کشاورزی و استراتژی های تجاری آنها در جنوب غربی استرالیا: ارزیابی ده ساله از سودآوری آنها-2020
Online conformance checking comes with new challenges, especially in terms of time and space constraints. One fundamental challenge of explaining the conformance of a running case is in balancing between making sense at the process level as the case reaches completion and putting emphasis on the current information at the same time. In this paper, we propose an online conformance checking framework that tackles this problem by incorporating the step of estimating the ‘‘location’’ of the case within the scope of the modeled process before conformance computation. This means that conformance checking is broken down into two steps: orientation and conformance. The two steps are related: knowing ‘‘where’’ the case is with respect to the process allows a conformance explanation that is more accurate and coherent at the process level and such conformance information in turn allows better orientations. Based on Hidden Markov Models (HMM), the approach works by alternating between orienting the running case within the process and conformance computation. An implementation is available as a Python package and experimental results show that the approach yields results that correlate with prefix alignment costs under both conforming and non-conforming scenarios while maintaining constant time and space complexity per event.© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Business strategy | Farming systems | Profitability | Cropping | Livestock
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Big data in agriculture: Does the new oil lead to sustainability?
داده های بزرگ در کشاورزی: آیا سوخت جدید منجر به پایداری می شود؟-2020
Big data represent a new productive factor (the “new oil” for advocates) that generates new realities in agriculture. By adding an extra “cyber” dimension to current farming systems, big data lead to the emergence of new, complex cyber-physical-social systems. However, our understanding of the sustainability of such systems is still at a rudimental stage. In this critical review we attempt to shed some light on this topic, by identifying and presenting some issues that put in doubt the sustainability of big data agriculture. By using a punctuated equilibria lens, we argue that despite their contribution to the economic and environmental performance of farming, big data act as a speciation mechanism. Hence, they lead to new forms of intraspecific, interspecific and intergeneric competition, thus putting at risk the most vulnerable players of the game. We conclude by pointing out that to holistically address the interrelation between big data and agricultural sustainability we need a hybrid research line, which will combine the qualities of both technology-oriented research and critical social science.
Keywords: Big data | Smart farming | Digital farming | Cyber-physical-social systems | Sustainability | Agriculture
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Climate change-related risks and adaptation strategies as perceived in dairy cattle farming systems in Tunisia
خطرات مربوط به تغییرات آب و هوایی و راهبردهای سازگاری به صورت مشاهده شده در سیستمهای کشاورزی لبنی و دامی در تونس-2018
The perception of risks due to climate change by farmers and the measures they take to address those risks are of paramount importance in policy-making if the implementations of targeted adaptation and mitigation strategies are to be economically and environmentally sustainable. This study focused on Tunisian dairy farmers’ perceptions of the risks and the actions taken to cope with changes attributable to climate change. Using a bottom-up approach, 566 surveys were carried out randomly among dairy farmers throughout Tunisia. A total of 70 diagnostic variables relating to farm characteristics, resources, management, performances and profit, in addition to climate change risk perception and adaptation strategies, were identified and analyzed. Using multivariate statistical analysis, four dairy farming groups were identified. The largest proportions of farmers belonged to the two above-ground dairy systems: without utilized agricultural areas; and with non-dairy utilized agricultural areas (Clusters 1 and 2). A minority of farmers belonged to medium-sized and large farms that specialized in milk production (Clusters 3 and 4) and has access to sufficient land, water and capital resources. In all the clusters, almost all the farmers perceived that the greatest impact of climate change would be on cow performance and forage production. The attitudes of the farmers towards adaptation to climate change are associated with farm typology. They focused mainly on increasing water capacity for livestock and crop production and improving livestock and housing conditions. The knowledge obtained from this study could be helpful for decision-makers and stakeholders in efforts to develop policies for farm management practices that address climate change and can be adapted to the country’s diverse farming systems.
keywords: Dairy farming system |Typology |Adaptation |Climate change
مقاله انگلیسی
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