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Criminal offending trajectories from adolescence through young adulthood and the risk of food insecurity: evidence from the Add Health study
مسیرهای تخلف مجرمانه از دوران نوجوانی تا بزرگسالی و خطر عدم امنیت غذایی: شواهدی از مطالعه Add Health-2020 Purpose: High-rate, persistent criminal offending has substantial negative health consequences. This
study examines how criminal offending trajectories during adolescence influence the risk of food insecurity
in early adulthood.
Methods: The study uses four waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to
determine the association between criminal offending trajectory membership and food insecurity. The
analysis controls for individual- and neighborhood-level risk factors and assesses the mediating effects of
depression and household income.
Results: Five distinct offending trajectories were established using a group-based trajectory model.
Membership in various offending trajectories predicts an increased risk for food insecurity. Those in
high-rate, chronic-offending trajectories have the highest risk of food insecurity in early adulthood
(OR ¼ 2.062; P < .01). These effects are significantly attenuated by depressive symptoms.
Conclusions: This is the first study to test the association between criminal offending trajectory membership
from adolescence through young adulthood and the risk of food insecurity in adulthood. Access
to nutrition assistance and support among individuals with chronic-offending histories may minimize
the risk of food insecurity. Those embedded in disadvantaged contexts are likely at a heightened risk.
Improvements to mental health services and employment opportunities may reduce food insecurity
among these vulnerable populations. Keywords: Food insecurity | Crime | Offending trajectories | Add Health |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Nutrition-Focused Food Banking in the United States: A Qualitative Study of Healthy Food Distribution Initiatives
بانکداری مواد غذایی با محوریت تغذیه در ایالات متحده: یک مطالعه کیفی از ابتکارات توزیع مواد غذایی سالم-2019 Background Nutrition-focused food banking is broadly defined as organizational and
programmatic efforts to address nutrition-related health disparities among charitable
food clients. Additional information is needed to systematically describe how US food
banks, as key influencers of the charitable food system, are working to advance
nutrition-focused food banking initiatives in their communities.
Objective Our aim was to describe food bank leadershipeidentified organizational
strategies, “best practices,” and innovative programs for advancing nutrition-focused
food banking in the United States.
Design We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews to elicit information
about the nutrition-focused food banking practices and processes being employed by US
food banks.
Participants/setting Participants comprised a purposive sample of food bank executives
(n¼30) representing a diverse selection of food banks across the United States. Interviews
were conducted between April 2015 and January 2017 at national food bank conferences.
Analysis Two researchers independently reviewed transcripts to identify themes using
code-based qualitative content analysis.
Results Executive leader descriptions of specific strategies to support nutrition-focused
food banking centered primarily around the following four major themes: building a
healthier food inventory at the food bank; enhancing partner agency healthy food access,
storage, and distribution capacity; nutrition education outreach; and expanding
community partnerships and intervention settings for healthy food distribution,
including health care and schools.
Conclusions Study findings indicate that food banks are implementing a variety of
multilevel approaches to improve healthy food access among users of the charitable
food system. Further evaluation is needed to assess the reach, scalability, and sustainability
of these various approaches, and their effectiveness in reducing determinants of
nutrition-related health disparities. Key Words: Food bank | Food insecurity | Fruits and vegetables | Community nutrition | Qualitative research |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Research on social data by means of cluster analysis
تحقیق در مورد داده های اجتماعی با استفاده از تجزیه و تحلیل خوشه ای-2018 This paper presents a data mining study and cluster analysis of social data obtained on small producers
and family farmers from six country cities in Ceará state, northeast Brazil. The analyzed data involve
demographic, economic, agriculture and food insecurity information. The goal of the study is to establish
profiles for the small producer families that reside in the region and to identify relevant features which
differentiate these profiles. Moreover, we provide an efficient data mining methodology for analysis of
social data sets which is capable of handling its natural challenges, such as mixed variables and abun
dance of null values. We use the Silhouette method for the estimation of the best number of natural
groups within the data, along with the Partitioning Around Medoids clustering algorithm in order to com
pute the profiles. The Correlation-Based Feature Selection method is used to identify which social criteria
are the most important to differentiate the families from each profile. Classification models based on sup
port vector machines, multilayer perceptron and decision trees were developed aiming to predict in
which of the identified clusters an arbitrary family would be best fit. We obtained a good separation
of the families into two clusters, and a multilayer perceptron model with approximately 93.5% prediction
accuracy.
Keywords: Clustering ، Social data ، Classification ، Pam ، Data mining |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Using radio and interactive ICTs to improve food security among smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa
با استفاده از فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات رادیویی و تعاملی برای بهبود امنیت غذایی در میان کشاورزان کوچک در صحرای آفریقا-2017 Telecommunications Policy xxx (2017) 1–15 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Telecommunications Policy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/telpo A B S T R A C TRadio is the most widely used medium for disseminating information to rural audiences across Africa. Even in very poor communities, radio penetration is vast; it is estimated there are over 800 million radios in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper summarizes evidence on food insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa and strategies to provide information on innovative agricultural practices to smallholder farmers. The research in this paper is then discussed within the context of research on information and communication technologies (ICTS) for development. Next, the paper presents the ICT-enhanced participatory radio campaign approach and ICT innovations introduced by Farm Radio International, a Canadian nongovernmental organization. The paper analyzes two participatory radio campaigns that use both listening groups and ICTs to engage African farmers. Research on these radio campaigns in six African countries is reported to examine how the participatory approach impacted listenership, knowledge and initial adoption of agricultural techniques and practices presented in the radio campaigns. The authors conclude that the findings of research on these projects could be highly relevant for increasing awareness and adoption of agricultural practices in Sub-Saharan Africa. They also appear promising for other development sectors and for other developing regions.l Keywords:Radio | Mobile phones | Rural development | Gender | Agriculture |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Food insufficiency, depression, and the modifying role of social support: Evidence from a population-based, prospective cohort of pregnant women in peri-urban South Africa
نارسایی های غذایی، افسردگی، و نقش اصلاح حمایت اجتماعی: شواهدی از یک، هم گروهی آینده نگر مبتنی بر جمعیت زنان باردار در حومه شهری آفریقای جنوبی-2016 Rationale: Food insecurity has emerged as an important, and potentially modifiable, risk factor for depression. Few studies have brought longitudinal data to bear on investigating this association in sub- Saharan Africa.Objective: To estimate the association between food insufficiency and depression symptom severity, and to determine the extent to which any observed associations were modified by social support.Methods and results: We conducted a secondary analysis of population-based, longitudinal data collected from 1238 pregnant women during a three-year cluster-randomized trial of a home visiting intervention in Cape Town, South Africa. Surveys were conducted at baseline, 6 months, 18 months, and 36 months (85% retention). A validated, single-item food insufficiency measure inquired about the number of days of hunger in the past week. Depression symptom severity was measured using the Xhosa version of the 10- item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. In multivariable regression models with cluster-correlatedrobust estimates of variance, lagged food insufficiency had a strong and statistically significant associ- ation with depression symptom severity (b ¼ 0.70; 95% CI, 0.46e0.94), suggesting a 6.5% relative dif- ference in depression symptom severity per day of hunger. In stratified analyses, food insufficiency had a statistically significant association with depression only among women with low levels of instrumental support. Using quantile regression, we found that the adverse impacts of food insufficiency wereexperienced to a greater degree by women in the upper end of the conditional distribution of depression symptom severity. Estimates from fixed-effects regression models and fixed-effects quantile regression models, accounting for unobserved confounding by time-invariant characteristics, were similar.Conclusions: Food insufficiency was associated with depression symptom severity, particularly for women in the upper end of the conditional depression distribution. Instrumental social support buffered women against the adverse impacts of food insufficiency.© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Food insufficiency | Depression | Social support | South Africa |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Proposed Framework for Implementing Data Mining Techniques to Enhance Decisions in Agriculture Sector Applied Case on Food Security Information Center Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt
چارچوب پیشنهادی برای اجرای تکنیک های داده کاوی به منظور افزایش تصمیم گیری در بخش کشاورزی مورد به کار رفته در محصولات غذایی امنیت اطلاعات وزارت مرکز کشاورزی، مصر-2015 Egypt is facing a problem of food insecurity combined with poverty especially in rural Upper Egypt. Food availability is one of the main pillars of food security including production and importation. Information about food availability is collected from different sources but prediction of the needed amounts of the main strategic crops for the upcoming years is not automatically calculated. This paper aims to predict the needed amount of crops to satisfy the Egyptian citizens’ needs for the upcoming years by building process of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) via WEKA using Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) function as a data mining predictive technique. Results showed that using this data mining framework succeeded to predict the annual needed amounts of the main strategic crops (Wheat, Rice and Beans) up to the year 2020. The obtained results could help decision makers for achieving food security and the country’s productivity for the upcoming years continuously.© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer-review under responsibility of Universal Society for Applied Research.© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer-review under responsibility of Universal Society for Applied Research
Data mining | Food Security | Artificial Neural Network | ANNs | Multilayer | perceptron | MLP | Knowledge Discovery | KDD | Food Security Information Center | FSIC |
مقاله انگلیسی |