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نتیجه جستجو - Forensic patients

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 6
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Research findings on Greek forensic patients found not guilty by reason of insanity: A juxtaposition of patients who committed a criminal offense during their first psychotic episode with those who did so later in the course of their illness
یافته های تحقیقاتی در مورد بیماران پزشکی قانونی یونانی که به دلیل جنون بی گناه شناخته شدند: کنار هم قرار دادن بیمارانی که در اولین دوره روان پریشی خود مرتکب جرم شدند با افرادی که بعداً در طول بیماری خود مرتکب جرم شدند-2020
The aim of this study was to compare the baseline characteristics (demographic, psychiatric-psychopathological and legal) among Greek forensic patients found not guilty by reason of insanity. The first step of this approach being differentiating patients who committed a criminal offense during their first psychotic episode from the ones who did so later in the course of their illness. All patients were hospitalized in the Department of Forensic Psychiatry (DFP) of the Psychiatric Hospital of Thessaloniki (PHT) from January 2015 to January 2020 and were examined in order to be included in the study. The final research sample consisted of 78 patients (70 identifying themselves as males and 8 identifying themselves as females) aged 18 and older, 21 of whom committed acriminal offense during their first psychotic episode (FEP, N = 21) and 57 did so later on in the course of their illness (Course, N = 57). Data were collected from multiple sources and several psychometric tools were used (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-M.I.N⋅I, Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale-PANSS, Addic-tion Severity Index-ASI, CAGE Questionnaire, Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire-HDHQ, Global Assessment of Functioning-GAF and Aggression Questionnaire). Comparing the two groups (FEP vs. Course) we found that patients in FEP were younger, had experienced stressful life events in the last 24 months, committedmore serious violent crimes, and more frequently attempted suicide after the crime. Their victims were usually members of their family. The main psychometric disparities between the two groups were found in the “Hos- tility” score of the Aggression questionnaire, and the items “Criticism of Others” and “Paranoid Hostility” of theHDHQ questionnaire, where patients in FEP scored lower. Patients in FEP scored significantly higher in items P1 (delusions), P4 (excitement), P6 (suspiciousness/persecution) and P7 (hostility) of the PANSS scale. No statis- tically significant differences were found between the two groups regarding their evaluation with the CAGE, ASIor GAF questionnaires. When comparing the patients’ present scores in PANSS scale, the patients in FEP hadlower total scores in the Positive and the General Psychopathology subscales. Both groups showed significant improvement during hospitalization in all scales (PANSS & GAF), except for the Negative Subscale of the PANSS scale. Through logistic regression analysis, we found that patients in FEP were younger, more likely to have recently experienced stressful life events and more likely to have assaulted a member of their family. Patientswith higher scores in the “Hostility” subscale of the Aggression questionnaire were found to remain at risk forcommitting a crime during the course of their illness. These findings underline the need to design and develop specialized mental health services in order to identify and treat patients involved in violent crime in a timely and effective manner addressing their multiple needs.* Corresponding author.E-mail address: forensicunit_dir@psychothes.gr (M. Markopoulou).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2021.101673Received 30 June 2020; Received in revised form 7 December 2020; Accepted 13 January 2021Available online 29 January 20210160-2527/© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Schizophrenia | First psychotic episode | Psychosis | Homicide | Found not guilty by reason of insanity | Crime | Aggression
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Patients are changing – The ripple effects of changing the law and creating new forensic beds in Belgium
بیماران در حال تغییر هستند - اثرات موج دار تغییر قانون و ایجاد تخت های جدید پزشکی قانونی در بلژیک-2020
Clinical impressions suggest that forensic patients in Belgium have more complex needs regarding care and risk in recent years than before. In this article, we analyzed psychometric data regarding patients’ symptoms, risk estimates, antisocial personality traits, and functional capabilities over a 10-year span in a medium-security unitfor rehabilitation of forensic patients. Data from a total of 129 patients with a main diagnosis of psychosis were analyzed. Results confirmed that patients had higher risk assessment estimates, more psychopathic/antisocial personality traits, and lower cognitive and functional capabilities. The average psychotic symptom levels and protective factors did not statistically change over the ten-year period. The changes are thought to be due to a new forensic law and the creation of new high- and medium-risk beds.
Keywords: Forensic patient | Forensic law | Medium security unit | Psychosis | Antisocial personality traits
مقاله انگلیسی
3 The effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as an intervention to improve empathic abilities and reduce violent behavior: A literature review
اثر بخشی تحریک جریان مستقیم Transcranial به عنوان مداخله ای برای بهبود توانایی های همدلی و کاهش رفتار خشونت آمیز: یک بررسی ادبیات-2020
Background: Empathy can be seen as an individual factor decreasing the probability of violent, criminal behavior, whereas a lack of empathy is seen as an increasing factor to antisocial behavior. Antisocial behavior, especially aggression and impulsive behavior, is associated with dysfunctions in the prefrontal cortex. There has been a growing interest in using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) as an intervention to modulate brain regions of interest and increasing activity in damaged brain areas. This paper reviews the evidence about using tDCS as a potential intervention to increase empathic abilities and decrease antisocial behavior in violent offenders. Objective/methods: This literature review is conducted to examine what is currently known about how tDCS may modulate empathic abilities and aggressive behavior. Articles in which tDCS was used to modulate empathic abilities and/or modulate violent behavior were selected. Brain areas of interest were the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex and the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex. Results/conclusions: Literature collected so far support the application of tDCS as a potential tool to increase empathic abilities and reduce violence in forensic patients, especially when targeting the vmPFC. Further research on the vast parameter space of tCS (e.g. stimulation intensity, electrode location, polarity) is needed to consolidate tDCS as a tool in forensic science.
Keywords: tDCS | Neuromodulation | Empathy | Violent behavior | vmPFC
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Court sentences to forensic-psychiatric treatment and imprisonment in Germany: Types of crimes and changes from 1995 to 2009
حکم دادگاه به پزشکی قانونی و روانپزشکی و حبس در آلمان: انواع جرایم و تغییرات از 1995 تا 2009-2020
The management of mentally disordered offenders varies widely across countries. Given the high prevalence of individuals with mental disorders throughout the criminal justice system, it is not always clear why some people receive forensic treatment and others a prison sentence. This project investigated trends in criminal justice sentencing practices in Germany from 1995 to 2009. We analysed officially recorded data taken from 14,100,329 court rulings to describe differences in the index offences committed by individuals sentenced to prison of at least two years and those given a forensic treatment order. The distribution of offence types differed substantially. Forensic patients committed 6.6% of all severe crimes. There was a 50% increase in the number of forensic treatment orders compared to a 11.6% increase in the group of individuals sentenced for crimes of a similar severity. Forensic patients were more likely to have committed a serious offence. This paper provides key epidemiological data and offers a basis for future comparative research. It also concludes that these trends are indicative of a moderate penal policy, without a drift towards penal populism arguably visible in other jurisdictions. Instead, it is argued that the findings are consistent with actuarial social control policies oriented towards risk prediction and crime prevention of high-risk offender groups.
Keywords: Forensic mental health | Germany | Incarceration | Mentally disordered offender | Offending
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Psychological factors of aggressive behaviour in patients of forensic psychiatry wards with the diagnosis of schizophrenia
عوامل روانشناختی رفتار پرخاشگرانه در بیماران بخش روانپزشکی قانونی با تشخیص اسکیزوفرنی-2020
Scientific research shows that the likelihood of aggressive behaviour in people with mental disorders compared to healthy people is usually higher than among healthy people. Considering the social harmfulness of acts committed by persons suffering from schizophrenia, a thorough analysis of their conditions is recommended. The paper presents the results of research conducted by a team from the Forensic Psychiatry Clinic of the Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (IPiN) in Warsaw regarding the psychological determinants of aggressive behaviour of people diagnosed with schizophrenia. The analysis covers selected demographic variables, personality traits as well as the level and type of aggression presented, including previously undertaken violent behaviour. This article includes the results of studies on patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, interned in the Forensic Psychiatry Clinic of IPiN, as well as patients with schizophrenia (addicted and non-addicted) staying in general psychiatric wards.
Keywords: Agression | Violence | Criminal acts | Agressive behaviour | Forensic patients
مقاله انگلیسی
6 مدل دو بعدی اختلالات روانی و رفتار ضد اجتماعی: بررسی چند نمونه ای با استفاده از آیتم هایی از لیست اصلاح شده اختلالات روانی
سال انتشار: 2015 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 6 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 16
هدف از این مطالعه بررسی این موضوع است که آیا یک زیر مجموعه از 20 مورد اختلالات فکری و روانی از لیست اصلاح شده(PCL-R) می تواند برای ساخت یک مدل دو بعدی(بی باکی، عدم بازداری) از خلق و خوی بزرگسالان مربوط به اختلالات فکری و روانی و رفتار ضد اجتماعی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. این مدل تئوری هدایت با ترکیب شش مورد از جنبه های میان فردی و عاطفی PCL-R به یک بعد واحد (بی باکی) و قرار دادن چهار مورد از جنبه های سبک زندگی و تشکیل بعد دوم (عدم بازداری) ایجاد شده است. تحلیل عاملی تأییدی بر روی یک نمونه ی 2753 نفر از مجرمین بالغ و بیماران پزشکی قانونی انجام شد که برای مقایسه مدل دو بعدی با مدل های جایگزین مختلف مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که مدل دو بعدی به طور قابل توجهی متناسب تر از مدل تک بعدی است و نسبت به مدل های ، دو، سه، و چهار عاملی سنتی و مدل triarchic از اختلالات فکری که به تازگی ارائه شده است تناسب مطلق بهتری نشان داده است. بعلاوه، نمرات عامل نهفته که از هر دو بعد از مدل دوبعدی مشتق شده اند اعتبار افزایشی مربوط به جنبه 4 (ضد اجتماعی) از PCL-R در پیش بینی متخلفان بعدی را نشان دادند. این یافته ها نشان می دهد که به لحاظ نظری مدل دو بعدی منتج شده از خلق و خوی ممکن است در روشن ساختن اختلالات فکری و روانی و دیگر سازه های مربوط به جرم و جنایت کمک کند.
کلید واژه ها: خلق و خوی، تحلیل عامل تأییدی، بی باکی، عدم بازداری، متخلف جنایی
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