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نتیجه جستجو - Framing

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 64
ردیف عنوان نوع
21 Crime frames and gender differences in the activation of crime concern and crime responses
چهارچوب جرم و تفاوت های جنسیتی در فعال سازی نگرانی از جرم و پاسخ به جرم-2020
Prior work has reported mixed evidence for the gender gap in crime concern and crime responses, yet very few studies have considered the importance of the framing of a crime in explaining this gap. Crime frames are important because they can raise deep levels of concern that activate a criminal justice system response to the crime. This study draws on the literature on problem framing to examine gender differences in crime concern and crime responses in relation to human trafficking. Human trafficking is a type of crime that has raised public alarm in the U.S and is being framed by the government and the media as a crime to which women are at increased risk. Using data from a national probability sample of approximately 2000 Americans, the findings show that beliefs about the causes of human trafficking, specifically gender discrimination and transnational crime, are associated with gender differences in concern and activation of the criminal justice system. These findings can guide future research on gender differences in crime concern and crime responses and call for research and policies that are sensitive to gendered effects of framing on public opinion about crime and criminal justice issues.
مقاله انگلیسی
22 Sounds novel or familiar? Entrepreneurs framing strategy in the venture capital market
صداهای جدید یا آشنا؟ استراتژی چارچوب کارآفرینان در بازار سرمایه مخاطره آمیز-2020
This study offers a theoretical perspective from which to examine entrepreneurial ventures linguistic strategies. Drawing on the framing perspective, we introduce two concepts—novelty frames and familiarity frames—and examine how the use of these linguistic frames may influence entrepreneurial ventures ability to obtain funding from venture capitalists (VCs) in different industry contexts. Based on a sample of 2883 U.S. information technology (IT) ventures and 5849 investment events from 2003 to 2014, we show that novelty and familiarity frames individually and interactively shape the amount of funding. We also found that industry capital intensity enhances the positive effects of familiarity frames. These findings highlight the role of entrepreneurial ventures linguistic frames in shaping their funding opportunities.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship | Linguistic strategy | Framing | Venture capital
مقاله انگلیسی
23 Entrepreneurship as a vocational choice in contested entrepreneurship communities: The role of entrepreneurs justification strategies
کارآفرینی به عنوان یک انتخاب حرفه ای در جوامع کارآفرینانه مورد بحث: نقش استراتژی های توجیه کارآفرینان-2020
Research on the vocational decision to become an entrepreneur highlights how culture justifies such decisions when entrepreneurs align with the dominant cultural norms. Less is known about such justification when entrepreneurship is seen as less culturally appropriate. This qualitative study explores how entrepreneurs in Santiago, Chile and Nairobi, Kenya use strategies that comply, combine, and defy frames to justify vocational choices. Our framework sheds new light on how entrepreneurs act as purposeful cultural agents and use justification strategies to navigate constraining societal frames.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship | Framing | Justification | Vocational choice
مقاله انگلیسی
24 Supporting self-efficacy beliefs and interest as educational inputs and outcomes: Framing AI and Human partnered task experiences
حمایت از اعتقادات و علاقه به خودکارآمدی به عنوان ورودی ها و نتایج آموزشی: چارچوب بندی هوش مصنوعی و تجارب مشارکتی انسان-2020
Interest and self-efficacy are crucial to academic success. This study addresses two gaps in our understanding of their development and support during university courses: how prior self-efficacy and interest plays a role in, and how different classroom activities build toward the development of students future interest and selfefficacy. In this study the interplay between ability-beliefs (self-efficacy/self-concept) and interest at three levels of specificity (Domain, Course and Task) were tested across a Japanese university language course (n = 128). Within this test, students interest in two language practice tasks (i.e., Human and then Chatbot partners) were assessed and compared. Prior interest was a robust predictor of all future task/course interest. Only Human-Human task interest directly predicted future course self-efficacy, but was mediated by course interest for future domain interest. For future interest, Human practice partners are superior to AIs. Supporting prior domain and later course interest should be a focus for university educators.
مقاله انگلیسی
25 Denials and confessions. An analysis of the temporalization of neutralizations of corporate crime
انکار و اعتراف .تحلیلی از موقتی سازی و خنثی سازی جرایم شرکتهای بزرگ -2020
In recent years two Swedish companies, Telia and Lundin Petroleum, have had to work hard to legitimate their actions as a result of allegations of criminal activity. In this paper, the corporate framings employed to deal with allegations of crime will be analysed on the basis of Stanley Cohens (2009) theoretical work on processes of denial and neutralization techniques. More specifically, the paper focuses on the temporalization of neutralizations of corporate crime and aims to answer the following questions: How have the corporations defence mechanisms changed over time? How might the types of crime of which they have been accused, and their corporate structures, affect the ways in which particular defence mechanisms are employed? The analysis demonstrates that although there are similarities, such as both companies framing their businesses as contributing to the development of democracy, human rights, prosperity and peace, the companies follow two different lines of development in their defences. While Telia moves from literal denial to confession, Lundin Petroleum stays with its literal denial in parallel with a strong condemnation of the condemners. These differences seem to be grounded both in the crimes of which the companies have been accused and their respective corporate structures.
Keywords: Corporate crime | Bribery | Crimes against international law | Neutralizations | Denials | Confessions | Frame-analysis
مقاله انگلیسی
26 A critical content analysis of media reporting on opioids: The social construction of an epidemic
تجزیه و تحلیل محتوای انتقادی از گزارش رسانه ها در مورد مواد مخدر : ساخت اجتماعی یک بیماری همه گیر -2020
Background: The 2000s have seen a proliferation of media reporting about opioid use in North America. Given the significant role that popular media plays in shaping the publics perceptions and understandings of the issues that it represents, analysing the content of this media coverage can help understand public discourse about opioid use. Methods: We conducted a critical content analysis of Canadian newsprint media reporting on opioids using a sociological lens. We performed a qualitative thematic analysis of these texts, coding 826 articles and applying a critical discourse analysis in our interpretation of the findings. Findings: Our analysis showed a slow transition from a conversation primarily about clinical pain care towards a discussion of criminality, especially the increasingly fluidity of boundaries between prescription opioid use and the illegal drug trade. Patients tend to be dichotomized as either innocently following physician prescriptions or drug-seeking, as an aspect of lives characterized by addiction and street crime. These depictions map onto characterizations of physicians as naively following pharmaceutical industry advice or becoming irrelevant once criminality is introduced. Discussion: The social construction of the opioid epidemic polarizes individuals as good or bad with little attention paid to underlying institutional interests both in the creation of the problem or in the solutions that are proposed. We show that as concerns about harms from opioids become more pronounced, the narrative shifts to home in on illicit street-use with a corresponding uptake of stigmatizing references to so-called addicts. Concurrently, most references to the pharmaceutical industry disappear from view. This framing of the problem defines the kinds of solutions that then seem natural. For example, increased criminalization is suggested for people who use drugs and stigmatizing those who suffer with chronic pain becomes a higher priority than implementing safer and more effective therapies for managing their pain.
Keywords: Opioids | Prescription drugs | Narcotics | Content analysis | Canada
مقاله انگلیسی
27 Tweeting the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris (COP21): An analysis of a social network and factors determining the network influence
توییت کنفرانس تغییرات اقلیمی سازمان ملل متحد در پاریس (COP21): تحلیلی از یک شبکه اجتماعی و عوامل تعیین کننده تأثیر شبکه-2020
To understand the Twitter network of an environmental and political event and to extend the network theory of social capital, we first performed a network analysis of the English tweets during the first 10 days of the United Nations’ Conference of the Parties in Paris in 2015. Accounts for nonprofit and government agencies were more likely to be influential in the Twitter network and be retweeted, whereas individual accounts were more likely to retweet others. Based on a quota sample of 133 Twitter accounts and using both manual and machine coding, we further found that the number of followers (but not the size of following) and the common-goal frame (i.e., mitigation/adaptation) positively predicted an account’s influence in the Twitter network, whereas the conflict frame negatively predicted an account’s network influence
Keywords: Big data | Climate change | COP21 | Framing | Social capital | Social network analysis
مقاله انگلیسی
28 Reframing appetitive reinforcement learning and reward valuation as effects mediated by hippocampal-dependent behavioral inhibition
بازآرایی یادگیری تقویتی رفتاری و ارزیابی پاداش به عنوان اثرات ناشی از مهار رفتاری وابسته به هیپوکامپ-2020
Traditional theories of neuroeconomics focus on reinforcement learning and reward value. We propose here a novel reframing of reinforcement learning and motivation that includes a hippocampal-dependent regulatory mechanism which balances cue-induced behavioral excitation with behavioral inhibition. This mechanism enables interoceptive cues produced by respective food or drug satiety to antagonize the ability of excitatory food- and drugrelated environmental cues to retrieve the memories of food and drug reinforcers, thereby suppressing the power of those cues to evoke appetitive behavior. When the operation of this mechanism is impaired, ability of satiety signals to inhibit appetitive behavior is weakened because the relative balance between inhibition and simple excitation is shifted toward increased retrieval of food and drug memories by environmental cues. In the present paper, we (1) describe the associative processes that constitute this mechanism of hippocampal-dependent behavior inhibition; (2) describe how a prevailing obesitypromoting diet and drugs of abuse produce hippocampal pathophysiologies that can selectively impair this inhibitory function; and (3) propose how glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone that is recognized as an important satiety signal, may work to protect the hippocampal-dependent inhibition. Our perspective may add to neuroscientific and neuroeconomic analyses of both overeating and drug abuse by outlining the role of hippocampal-dependent memory processes in the control of both food and drug seeking behaviors. In addition, this view suggests that consideration should be given to diet- and drug induced hippocampal pathophysiologies, as potential novel targets for the treatment of dysregulated energy and drug intake.
مقاله انگلیسی
29 Images of entrepreneurship: Using drawing to explore entrepreneurial experience
تصاویر کارآفرینی: استفاده از ترسیم برای کشف تجربه کارآفرینی-2019
Entrepreneurship is a generative and transformative process of altering convention where personal/ social history, assets, technologies, and trading activity are gathered in organizational form. How entrepreneurs frame this process, and are, in turn, organised by this process, constitutes the entrepreneurial experience. Typically this framing has been researched using narrative methods: how entrepreneurs tell their stories. In this paper we develop an emerging branch of inquiry challenging a sole focus on linguistic narrative in favour of accessing the experience of entrepreneurs by asking them to draw an image of their venture using pencils and paper. Drawing has long been recognised in other social science disciplines as an empirical method for eliciting indepth and latent information about complex or difficult experiences. In this paper we show some indicative drawings created by entrepreneurs, accompanied by their verbal explanations of what these drawings represent for them, and we highlight how the process was a generative exercise for the entrepreneurs. We focus on two aspects of drawing, which we refer to as “beginnings”, and “traces”, that we feel are particularly relevant to why this medium is valuable for exploring the experience of entrepreneurs.
Keywords: Entrepreneurial experience | Narratives | Drawing | Drawing methodology | Images
مقاله انگلیسی
30 Thou shalt not steal: Taking aversion with legal property claims
دزدی نکن: نفرت گریزی با ادعای مالکیت قانونی-2019
Do people have an innate respect for property? In the literature, there is controversy about whether human subjects are taking averse. We implemented a dictator game with a symmetric action space to address potential misconceptions and framing and demand effects that may be responsible for the contradictory findings. Misconceptions can occur as a result of unclear property rights, while framing and demand effects can occur if anonymity is not preserved. Our paper is the first to implement both a strict double-blind anonymity protocol and clear property rights. We established clear property claims by asking subjects in our legal treatment to bring their own property to the experiment. In the effort treatment, the experimenter transferred the property publicly to subjects after they completed a real effort task. Our data suggest that without social enforcement, respect for property is low. Yet, the taking rate significantly differs from the theoretically predicted maximum. Consistent with the Lockean theory of property, respect for property grows when the entitlement is legitimized by the labor the owner had to invest to acquire it.
Keywords: Property rights | Taking aversion | Dictator game | Symmetric action space | Double-blind anonymity | Earned entitlements | Tangibility
مقاله انگلیسی
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