با سلام خدمت کاربران در صورتی که با خطای سیستم پرداخت بانکی مواجه شدید از طریق کارت به کارت (6037997535328901 بانک ملی ناصر خنجری ) مقاله خود را دریافت کنید (تا مشکل رفع گردد).
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Biometric, chemical, and microbiological evaluation of common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L:) seedlings fertilized with mealworm ( Tenebrio molitor L:) larvae meal
ارزیابی بیومتریک ، شیمیایی و میکروبیولوژیکی نهال گندم معمولی (Triticum aestivum L:) بارور شده با پودر لارو کرم غذایی (Tenebrio molitor L:)-2021 Alternative organic fertilizers are being developed to minimize the adverse environmental impact of chemical plant protection agents. The interest in industrial-scale insect farming has increased in recent years. Mealworm larvae are a rich source of protein and fatty acids. This study focuses on mealworm larvae, which are characterized by a rapid increase in biomass and a high nutritional value. In the present experiment, mealworm larvaewere processed into fertilizer with a high content of organic nitrogen. The fertilizer’s effect on wheat growth, soiland rhizosphere microorganisms, including phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium, and N-cycle, was analyzed. Mineral nitrogen fertilizer and mealworm larvae meal used as fertilizer caused a similar increase (~40%) in the total nitrogen content of the soil. Due to its mineral content, mealworm larvae meal contributed to an increase in the concentrations of P, K, and Mg in soil. The amino acid quality was high (0.89). Increasing the load of Bacillus spp. after using the meal was negatively correlated with the Fusarium spp. load in the wheat rhizosphere. In the case of meal fertilization, ammonification was noticed, and organic nitrogen was successively mineralized. The fertilizer produced from mealworm larvae offers a viable alternative to mineral fertilizers. It improves the health and nutrient status of wheat seedlings and stimulates the growth of Bacillus bacteria that enhance the availability of soil nutrients to plants and prevent seedling damping off. Further research is needed to confirm the applicability of the mealworm fertilizer in other field crops. Keywords: Insect meal | Amino acids | Rhizosphere microorganisms | Biometry | Nitrogen |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Short-term neuronal effects of Fumonisin B1 on neuronal activity in rodents
اثرات عصبی کوتاه مدت Fumonisin B1 بر فعالیت عصبی در جوندگان-2020 Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by microscopic fungi (mostly Fusarium
species), which may infect our major crops. The toxin inhibits the development of these plants
and may also have harmful effects on animals and humans consuming the infected crops.
FB1 inhibits sphingolipid biosynthesis which leads to altered membrane characteristics and
consequently, altered cellular functions. There are some indications that the toxin has
inhibitory effects on neuronal activity in case of repeated consumption, presumably due to
sphingolipid depletion. However, according to new literature data, FB1 may have acute
excitatory neural effects, too, via different mechanisms of action. Therefore, in the present
study, we addressed the neuronal network effects of FB1 following acute treatment, using
different electrophysiological techniques in vitro and in vivo.
Acute treatments with FB1 (10-100 μM) were carried out on brain slices, tissue cultures and
live animals. After direct treatment of samples, electrically evoked or spontaneous field
potentials were examined in the hippocampus and the neocortex of rat brain slices and in
hippocampal cell cultures. In the hippocampus, a short-term increase in the excitability of
neuronal networks and individual cells was observed in response to FB1 treatment. In some
cases, the initially enhanced excitation was reversed presumably due to overactivation of
neuronal networks. Normal spontaneous activity was found to be stimulated in hippocampal
cell cultures. Seizure susceptibility was not affected in the neocortex of brain slices.
For the verification of the results caused by direct treatment, effects of systemic
administration of FB1 (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.) were also examined. Evoked field potentials recorded
in vivo from the somatosensory cortex and cell activation measured by the c-fos technique in hippocampus and somatosensory cortex were analyzed. However, the hippocampal and cortical stimulatory effect detected in vitro could not be demonstrated by these in vivo assays.
Altogether, the toxin enhanced the basic excitability of neurons and neuronal networks after
direct treatment but there were no effects on the given brain areas after systemic treatment in
vivo. Based on the observed in vitro FB1 effects and the lack of data on the penetration of
FB1 across the blood-brain barrier, we assume that in vivo consequences of FB1
administration can be more prominent in case of perturbed blood-brain barrier functions. Keywords: neurotoxicity | electrophysiology | c-Fos, mycotoxin | field potential | brain slice | tissue culture |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Chemistry and bioactivities of secondary metabolites from the genus Fusarium
شیمی و فعالیت زیستی متابولیتهای ثانویه از جنس Fusarium-2020 A growing body of evidence suggests that endophytic fungi represent a huge and largely untapped resource of
natural products with novel structures and biodiversity that have been optimized by evolution for biological and
ecological relevance. Fusarium species, known as the chief criminal of causing quality and yield reductions of
grain crops, is a large genus of filamentous fungi with worldwide distribution. The chemical structures of 162
metabolites isolated and characterized from Fusarium species during the past six years are presented along with
information of their biological activities. Biosynthesis of some biologically important mycotoxins are also reviewed. Keywords: Fusarium | Secondary metabolites | Structure | Biological activity | Biosynthesis |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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FPD: A comprehensive phosphorylation database in fungi
FPD: پایگاه داده فسفوریلاسیون جامع در قارچ ها-2017 Protein phosphorylation, one of the most classic post-translational modification, plays
a critical role in diverse cellular processes including cell cycle, growth, and signal transduc
tion pathways. However, the available information about phosphorylation in fungi is lim
ited. Here, we provided a Fungi Phosphorylation Database (FPD) that comprises high
confidence in vivo phosphosites identified by MS-based proteomics in various fungal spe
cies. This comprehensive phosphorylation database contains 62 272 non-redundant phos
phorylation sites in 11 222 proteins across eight organisms, including Aspergillus flavus,
Aspergillus nidulans, Fusarium graminearum, Magnaporthe oryzae, Neurospora crassa, Saccharo
myces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and Cryptococcus neoformans. A fungi-specific
phosphothreonine motif and several conserved phosphorylation motifs were discovered
by comparatively analysing the pattern of phosphorylation sites in plants, animals, and
fungi.
Keywords: Fungal | Motif | Phosphosites | Protein database |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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تاثیر روش خاک ورزی بر روی شدت افت Fusarium و بازدهی سویا در Omu-Aran ، جنوب گینه ساوانا نیجریه
سال انتشار: 2016 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 6 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 15 افت فیوزاریم (Fusarium) سویا ناشی از فیوزاریم آکسیسپورم (Fusarium oxysporum) است که یکی از مخرب ترین بیماری های مربوط به گیاهان ( بقولات یا گیاهان خوردنی ) می باشد . کنترل باکتری ها و ویروس های بیماری زا با توجه به دوام آنها در محدوده ی گسترده ی خاک بسیار دشوار است . عمل خاکورزی خاک یکی از مهم ترین اجزای روش های مدیریت خاک تصفیه شده است که در این عمل تاثیر بسیار زیادی بر شدت و کثرت بیماری های گیاهان دارد . این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر عمل خاکورزی بر شدت افت فیوزاریم (Fusarium) و بازدهی سویا انجام شده است . زمین مورد استفاده برای بررسی و آزمایش به صورت مصنوعی با به تعلیق انداختن تلقیح باکتری F. oxysporum ، یک هفته قبل از کشت واکسینه می شود . آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک های کاملا تصادفی (RCBD) با چهار رفتار درمانی ، و هر کدام با سه تکرار در سه زمان مختلف انجام گرفته است . رفتارهای درمانی شامل ، شخم زنی تنها ، شخم زنی همراه با صاف کردن زمین با چنگک ، صاف کردن زمین با چنگک تنها و روش بدون خاکورزی ، می باشد . پارامتر های این ارزیابی شامل ، شدت بیماری ، تعداد پوسته های بیرونی و محافظ (غلاف) در گیاه ، طول پوسته (غلاف ) ، وزن پوسته ، میزان وزن 100 دانه و بازدهی دانه ها در مجموع ، می باشد . یافته های حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که ، در 4 هفته بعد از کشت ، بالاترین شدت بیماری در سویا کاشته شده در زمین شخم زده شده (1.9) ثبت شده بود ، در حالی که در شرایط بدون خاکورزی کمترین شدت افت (0.8) ثبت شده بوده است . سویا کاشته شده در شرایط بدون خاکورزی دارای 41.6 پوسته ی محافظ ( غلاف ) است در حالی که سویا کاشته شده در شرایط شخم زده شده 23.3 می باشد . سویا کاشته شده در شرایط بدون خاکورزی به شکل قابل توجهی (P<0.05) دارای عملکرد بالاتری از دانه ها (328.0 kg/ha) نسبت به دیگر روش های درمانی هستند . عمل کشت با توجه به قابلیت تنطیم درجه حرارت و رطوبت خاک ، یک راه موثر برای مدیریت بیماری های سویا می باشد . روش های خاکورزی در مطالعه ی حاضر باکتری های بیماریزای افت فوزاریوم (Fusarium) در عمق های مختلف خاک مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است ، روش درمانی بدون خاکورزی موثر ترین رویکرد برای کاهش شدت افت Fusarium سویا در خاک های آلوده است .
کلمات کلیدی : افت | Fusarium oxysporum | سویا | خاکورزی | شدت بیماری | بازدهی یا عملکرد . |
مقاله ترجمه شده |