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نتیجه جستجو - Gall

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 51
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Limitations on Transversal Gates for Hypergraph Product Codes
محدودیت در دروازه های عرضی برای کدهای محصول Hypergraph-2022
In a fault tolerant quantum computer, quantum codes are expected to serve the conflicting purposes of protecting quantum information while also allowing that information to be manipulated by fault-tolerant gates. We introduce a new technique for placing limitations on such gates, and apply this technique to a class of quantum codes known as hypergraph product codes contained within the vertical sector. These codes are constructed from input which is a pair of classical linear codes, and generalize the Kitaev surface code which is the hypergraph product of classical repetition codes. We provide a necessary condition on these input codes, under which the resulting hypergraph product code has transversal gates limited to the Clifford group. We conjecture that this condition is satisfied by all [n, k, d] Gallagher codes with d ≥ 3 and k ≤ n/2. This work is a generalization of an argument due to Bravyi and König, and we also conjecture this is a refinement of the recent notion of disjointness due to Jochym-O’Connor et al.
Index Terms: Computers and information processing | quantum computing.
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Modern slavery statements: From regulation to substantive supply chain reporting
اظهارات برده داری مدرن: از مقررات گرفته تا گزارش زنجیره تأمین اساسی-2021
Recent years have seen a renewed focus on labor standards in the supply chain, prompted by legislation that requires firms to provide an account of their efforts to combat modern slavery. However, as a common problem of non-financial disclosure regulation, companies can decide the extent and content of their reporting, which could potentially result in merely symbolic disclosures with little substance. We examine the disclosure of substantive actions in modern slavery statements, defined as those disclosures of corporate actions that can positively affect working conditions in supply chains. We examine the corporate disclosure of these actions over time in order to evaluate whether legally mandated disclosure requirements could lead to progress in combatting modern slavery. For this purpose, we collected modern slavery statements from companies that had issued such statements for at least two different years after the
Keywords: Modern slavery statements | Social sustainability | Substantive disclosures | CSR Disclosures | Legitimacy theory | Content analysis
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Organic-waste-derived butyric acid-to-biodiesel supply-chain network: Strategic planning design using a deterministic snapshot model
شبکه زنجیره تامین اسید بوتیریک اسید به بیودیزل مشتق شده از مواد آلی: طراحی برنامه ریزی استراتژیک با استفاده از یک مدل عکس فوری قطعی-2021
An integrated optimization model for an organic-waste-derived butyric acid-to-butanol supply-chain network (BABSCN) is proposed to minimize the total network cost by simultaneously optimizing both strategic biodiesel production and waste management planning decisions. This model is useful for ensuring effective organic-waste provision for large-scale biodiesel production and waste management. The proposed mixed-integer linear-pro- gramming model optimizes the activities ranging from organic-waste preprocessing to butyric acid (BA), transportation of BA to biorefinery, butanol (BuOH) production and mixing with diesel to the distribution of biodiesel. This model is useful for forecasting organic-waste management biodiesel supply chains in South Korea in 2030. The case study results show that a total network cost of $US 3.16/gallon of B3 contains 3% BuOH from organic waste products combined with diesel. The biorefinery-related cost accounts for 98.3% of the total network cost, followed by the organic waste procurement cost (1.1%) and biodiesel distribution cost (0.6%). A scenario-based analysis shows that a 7%-BuOH increase in biodiesel increases the total network cost by 18.8%.
Keywords: Strategic planning | Supply chain | Organic waste | Biodiesel | Optimization | Cost
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Unrest index for estimating thermal comfort of poultry birds (Gallus gallus domesticus) using computer vision techniques
شاخص ناآرامی برای برآورد آسایش حرارتی پرندگان طیور (Gallus gallus domesticus) با استفاده از تکنیک های بینایی ماشین-2021
Behaviour can be used to infer animal welfare states. Poultry birds tend to move less under conditions of thermal stress; hence the hypothesis of this research is that this unrest behaviour can be used as an indicator of thermal comfort. The objective was to develop an Unrest Index for poultry bird’s sensitive to changes in this behaviour under different air temperature conditions. The proposed Unrest Index was based on the Hausdorff distance measure and was tested on recorded videos of laying hens and broilers breeders, obtained in different experiments. The index was efficient in detecting the unrest of poultry birds in different thermal conditions and, in conditions above thermoneutrality, the birds moved significantly less. The distribution Unrest Index of data for each thermal condition tested was shown to be asymmetric. However, there seems to be a tendency to reverse this asymmetry when the conditions are thermal comfort and heat stress. It is suggested that the Unrest Index can be used to estimate the thermal comfort of poultry birds and that further studies on the asymmetry of the index data should be carried out in order to identify of the thermoneutrality zone of birds in a non-invasive way. The Unrest Index and the computer vision techniques adopted to assess poultry thermal comfort automatically were efficient in demonstrating differences in bird agitation in distinct thermal stress conditions. The low computational effort and the mathematical simplicity of the model allows the Unrest Index to incorporate bird surveillance systems and estimate thermal comfort automatically.
Keywords: Animal behaviour | Hausdorff distance | Comfort index | Precision livestock farming | Image analysis
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Phytomyxid infection in the non-native seagrass Halophila stipulacea in St Eustatius, Caribbean Netherlands
عفونت فیتومیکسید در علف دریایی غیر بومی Halophila stipulacea در سنت یوستاتیوس ، کارائیب هلند-2021
Phytomyxids are a monophyletic group of biotrophs/parasites of a variety of organisms including seagrasses with a wide distribution range that includes the Caribbean. The seagrass Halophila stipulacea, native to the Indo-Pacific and Red Sea, is a known host for phytomyxids in the Mediterranean. However, to date phytomyxid infection has not been reported for H. stipulacea in the Caribbean. Infection in H. stipulacea is characterized by swelling of the leaf petioles due to gall formation, and coloration of these galls varies depending on the stage of maturity.H. stipulacea fragments with an apparent phytomyxid infection as well as uninfected fragments were collected in St Eustatius, north-eastern Caribbean, for comparative biometric analysis. Measurements of leaf length, leaf width, internode and root length were taken. Infected H. stipulacea fragments were significantly smaller than uninfected fragments across all biometrics measured, and exhibited similar gall colorations and swelling of the leaf petioles previously described for H. stipulacea in the Mediterranean. Based on our observations, the apparent infection in H. stipulacea fragments on St. Eustatius is likely caused by a phytomyxid parasite and is the first record of phytomyxid infection of this seagrass species in the Caribbean.
Keywords: Non-native seagrass | Plant parasite | Aquatic plant | Infection | Gall | Morphological change
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Combining conventional and participatory approaches to identify and prioritise management and health-related constraints to smallholder pig production in San Simon, Pampanga, Philippines
تلفیق رویکردهای مرسوم و مشارکتی برای شناسایی و اولویت بندی مدیریت و محدودیتهای مرتبط با سلامتی در تولید خوک های خرده فروش در سن سیمون ، پامبانگا ، فیلیپین-2020
Pork is the main meat produced and consumed in the Philippines. The majority of pigs are raised by smallholders who experience a range of constraints to their pig production. This study presents the findings of the first part of an overarching project that used an Ecohealth approach and aimed to improve the production and competitiveness of the smallholder pig system in an area of the Philippines. A participatory approach was embraced, combining conventional and participatory epidemiology methods followed by a stakeholder discussion. The first aim was to identify management and health-related constraints to pig production among smallholder famers in San Simon, Pampanga, Philippines. The second aim was for the project team and stakeholders to jointly prioritise activities for the immediate future to address these constraints. Key management and health-related constraints identified included inadequate water supply to pigs, particularly lactating and gestating sows, and a range of feeding-related issues. Diarrhoea was recognised as the disease syndrome of highest priority and limited record keeping meant that farmers were unable to assess the productivity and profitability of their pig farming enterprises. Actions jointly prioritised by stakeholders and the project team were: the appointment of a project coordinator within each barangay; conduct two sets of seminars, the first covering water and nutrition and the second piglet management and diarrhoea, to be delivered by technical experts but with farmer “trusted sources” also sharing their experiences; development of easily understandable leaflets and posters covering key technical information; promotion of nipple drinkers attached to five-gallon water containers and creep boxes for piglets, and conduct of a record keeping workshop with a small group of innovative farmers to develop a useful and usable tool for record keeping. The use of multiple approaches to data-gathering enabled triangulation of study findings. Without any one of these components the understanding of the pig production system would have been less complete and it is possible that the proposed actions would not have been as well-tailored to the needs of the farmers. The participatory approach, in particular the stakeholder discussion, provided the opportunity to embrace the “deciding together” and “acting together” stances of participation rather than the lower “information giving” stance, thereby giving stakeholders greater ownership of the future activities of the overarching project and beyond.
Keywords: Philippines | Pig | Smallholder | Constraints | Participatory epidemiology | Ecohealth
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Why choosing IFRS? Benefits of voluntary adoption by European private companies
چرا انتخاب IFRS؟ مزایای پذیرش داوطلبانه توسط شرکت های خصوصی اروپایی-2020
In 2005, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) have been legally adopted by listed firms to facilitate the harmonization of accounting practices. However, IFRS remain an option for non-listed firms in some countries. We investigate whether European privately held firms can raise more debt when they voluntarily report their consolidated financial information according to IFRS rather than local accounting rules. Using fixed effects regressions on 8391 firms in 22 European Union (EU) countries from 2005–2018, we document that IFRS adoption leads to more private debt issue for non-listed firms. This accounting option could be particularly useful for opaque firms or firms located in common law countries. Our results contribute to the debate on European accounting policy for non-listed firms.
Keywords: IFRS | Bank debt | Non-listed entities
مقاله انگلیسی
8 International law and mental health evaluations at Guantanamo: Is medical repatriation a solution for most detainees?
ارزیابی حقوق بین‌الملل و سلامت روان در گوانتانامو: آیا بازگشت پزشکی راه‌حلی برای اکثر زندانیان است؟-2020
This article analyzes the ruling in al-Qahtani v. Trump which establishes a new legal mechanism for Guantanamo detainees being held in indefinite detention to receive independent psychiatric evaluations from mixed medical commissions in order to determine eligibility for repatriation on humanitarian grounds. The article first reviews how the U.S. government created a legal framework for Global War on Terror detainees that differs from established conventions under international humanitarian law to protect prisoners of war. It discusses the circumstances of a Guantanamo detainee named Mohammed al-Qahtani who was tortured in U.S. custody, ac-cording to Guantanamo’s top official. The U.S. government has declined to refer legal charges against him but also refused to release him since he has been considered a threat to U.S. national security. The article analyzes how al-Qahtani’s attorneys challenged the legality of his detention and referred to an independent psychiatric evaluation played to establish the legal basis for “irreparable harm.” al-Qahtani’s independent psychiatric evaluation asserted that he displayed symptoms consistent with those exhibited by survivors of torture. Legally, the ruling establishes a precedent for Guantanamo detainees who are being held in indefinite detention to compel the U.S. government to clarify their legal status or arrange an examination by a mixed medical commission. Twenty-two other detainees out of the forty still at Guantanamo fall in this legal category, so the precedent has far-reaching consequences. Finally, the prospect of mixed medical commissions composed of international experts who are collaborating to render a medical opinion raises questions about how independent psychiatric evaluations would be conducted in practice.
Keywords: Forensic psychiatry | Forensic mental health | War on terror | Guantanamo | Geneva convention | Medical repatriation | Culture
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Effects of temporary psychiatric holds on length of stay and readmission risk among persons admitted for psychotic disorders
اثرات بازداشت موقت روانپزشکی بر طول مدت اقامت و خطر بستری مجدد در افراد بستری شده برای اختلالات روانپریشی-2020
The practice of involuntary psychiatric commitment is central to the acute treatment of persons with severe mental illness and others in psychiatric crisis. Deciding whether a patient should be admitted involuntarily re- quires weighing respect for autonomy against beneficence, considering the clinical needs of the patient, and navigating ambiguous legal standards. The relative dearth of information about the impact of involuntary commitment on objective patient outcomes complicates matters ethically, legally, and clinically. To address this gap in the literature, we sought to determine the association between temporary psychiatric holds and length of stay and readmission rates among a retrospective sample of adult patients admitted to a large psychiatric hospital with diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, mania, and other psychotic disorders. In total, we identified 460 patients and 559 unique encounters meeting our inclusion criteria; 90 of the encounters were voluntary (involving a temporary psychiatric hold) and 469 were involuntary. Univariable and multivariable analyses suggested that temporary psychiatric holds were not significantly associated with either length of stay or readmission rate. These findings are relevant to clinicians who must decide whether to admit a patient involuntarily, as they suggest that making a patient involuntary is not associated with differences in length of stay or readmission risk.
Keywords: Civil commitment | Length of stay | Readmission | Psychosis
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Self-binding directives under the new Dutch Law on Compulsory Mental Health Care: An analysis of the legal framework and a proposal for reform
دستورالعمل های خودالزام آور تحت قانون جدید هلند در مورد مراقبت اجباری بهداشت روان: تجزیه و تحلیل چارچوب قانونی و پیشنهادی برای اصلاح-2020
Self-binding directives (SBDs) are a special type of psychiatric advance directive by means of which mental health service users can give advance consent to compulsory hospital admission or treatment during a future mental health crisis. SBDs are legally binding in the Netherlands since 2008. On the 1st of January 2020, the Dutch Law on Special Admissions to Psychiatric Hospitals (Wet bijzondere opnemingen in psychiatrische zie- kenhuizen; Bopz) was replaced by the new Law on Compulsory Mental Health Care (Wet verplichte geestelijke gezondheidszorg; Wvggz). This replacement brought with it various changes in the legal arrangement for SBDs. In this article, we expound the changes in the legal arrangement and assess the implications of these changes for the practical feasibility of SBDs. We argue that the procedures for arranging compulsory care based on an SBD in the new law are too complex and time-intensive for SBDs to yield their potential benefits. We close by proposing a workable mechanism of legal authorisation of compulsory care on the basis of an SBD.
Keywords: Self-binding directive | Ulysses contract | Psychiatric advance directive | The Netherlands | Wvggz | Coercion | Compulsory admission | Involuntary treatment | Psychiatry
مقاله انگلیسی
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