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نتیجه جستجو - Gangs

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 4
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Exploring the potential association between gang membership and health outcomes in a longitudinal sample of youth and young adults
بررسی ارتباط بالقوه بین عضویت در گروه و نتایج سلامت در یک نمونه طولی از جوانان و بزرگسالان-2020
Purpose: Health criminology is an emerging line of inquiry that has focused on the association between crime/ criminality and health outcomes. The current study sought to add to this literature by examining the potential connection between gang membership and health problems and brain-based disorders. Methods: Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) were analyzed. Results: The results revealed that gang membership was associated with only two (cancer and high blood pressure) of the potential 12 health problems and brain-based disorders. Additional analyses indicated that gang membership was related to a combined measure of health problems, but not to a combined measure of brainbased disorders or to a cumulative measure of health problems. Supplemental analysis also revealed that gang membership was associated with an increased odds of being shot or stabbed. Conclusions: Gang membership does not appear to have sweeping negative effects on general health and brainbased disorders through young adulthood. We conclude by discussing the limitations of the study and directions for future research.
Keywords: Add health | Crime | Disorders | Gangs | Health
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Multilevel determinants of collaboration between organised criminal groups
عوامل تعیین کننده های چند سطحی از همکاری بین گروه های سازمان یافته جنایی-2020
Collaboration between members of different criminal groups is an important feature of crime that is considered organised, as it allows criminals to access resources and skills in order to exploit illicit economic opportunities. Collaboration across criminal groups is also difficult and risky due to the lack of institutions supporting peaceful cooperation in illicit markets. Thus cross-group collaboration has been thought to take place mostly among small and transient groups. This paper determines whether and under what conditions members of different, larger organised crime groups collaborate with one another. To do so we use intelligence data from the Canadian province of Alberta, centering on criminals and criminal groups engaged in multiple crime types in multiple geographic locations. We apply a multilevel network analytical framework and exponential random graph models using Bayesian techniques to uncover the determinants of cross-group criminal collaboration. We find cross-group collaboration depends not only on co-location, but also on the types of groups to which the criminals are affiliated, and on illicit market overlap between groups. When groups are operating in the same geographically- situated illicit markets their members tend not to collaborate with one another, providing evidence for the difficulty or undesirability of cross-group collaboration in illicit markets. Conversely, members of Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs are more likely to collaborate across groups when markets overlap, suggesting the superior capacity and motivation of biker gangs to coordinate criminal activity. Our paper contributes to the understanding of criminal networks as complex, emergent, and spatially embedded market phenomena.
Keywords: Illegal drugs | Multilevel networks | Exponential Random Graph Models | Illegal markets | Criminal groups
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Network structure and resilience of Mafia syndicates
Network structure and resilience of Mafia syndicates-2016
In this paper we present the results of our study of Sicilian Mafia organizations using social network analysis. The study investigates the network structure of a Mafia syndicate, describing its evolution and highlighting its plasticity to membership-targeting interventions and its resilience to disruption caused by police operations. We analyze two different datasets dealing with Mafia gangs that were built by examining different digital trails and judicial documents that span a period of ten years. The first dataset includes the phone contacts among suspected individuals, and the second captures the relationships among individuals actively involved in various criminal offenses. Our report illustrates the limits of traditional investigative methods like wiretapping. Criminals high up in the organization hierarchy do not occupy the most central positions in the criminal network, and oftentimes do not appear in the reconstructed criminal network at all. However, we also suggest possible strategies of intervention. We show that, although criminal networks (i.e., the network encoding mobsters and crime relationships) are extremely resilient to different kinds of attacks, contact networks (i.e., the network reporting suspects and reciprocated phone calls) are much more vulnerable, and their analysis can yield extremely valuable insights.
Keywords: Social network analysis | Network science | Criminal networks | Mobile phone data
مقاله انگلیسی
4 دشمنان حکومت : بیداری و باند خیابانی به عنوان نماد مقاومت در آفریقای جنوبی
سال انتشار: 2015 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 7 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 18
در سال های اخیر دولت آفریقای جنوبی خود را به طور فزاینده در تداوم خشونت و بی ثباتی در جوامع خاص که توسط باندهای خیابانی ایجاد شد و به اصطلاح بیداری یا عدالت محبوب نامیده میشود پیدا کرده است. باندهای خیابانی یک مشکل خاص در جوامع عمدتا رنگی در کیپ تاون و پورت الیزابت است. پدیده عدالت محبوب به طور مشخص با شهرستانهای سیاه آفریقایی مرتبط است و باعث گردیده که موارد عدالت محبوب در شهرستانهای مختلف بالا بگیرد.در ارزش اسمی خشونت افراطی است که به نظر میرسد در هردوباند خیابان و بیداری بومی شده است با این حال این پدیده چالش جدی را برای دولت در برخواهد داشت. این مقاله در پی تامل درهردو باند خیابان وبیداری به عنوان نمونه هایی از نماد های مقاومت در برابر دولت از طریق تجزیه و تحلیل زمینه های فرهنگی و اجتماعی هردو باند است. نویسنده نشان میدهد که چگونه باندهای خیایان و بیداری به عنوان نمادهای مبارزه با قدرت دولتی هستند. واژه های کلیدی: باند خیابانی | بیداری | آفریقای جنوبی | مردم در مقابل باندهای تبهکاری و مواد مخدر(PAGAD) | استان کیپ غربی | استان کیپ شرقی
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