با سلام خدمت کاربران در صورتی که با خطای سیستم پرداخت بانکی مواجه شدید از طریق کارت به کارت (6037997535328901 بانک ملی ناصر خنجری ) مقاله خود را دریافت کنید (تا مشکل رفع گردد).
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Exploring the potential association between gang membership and health outcomes in a longitudinal sample of youth and young adults
بررسی ارتباط بالقوه بین عضویت در گروه و نتایج سلامت در یک نمونه طولی از جوانان و بزرگسالان-2020 Purpose: Health criminology is an emerging line of inquiry that has focused on the association between crime/
criminality and health outcomes. The current study sought to add to this literature by examining the potential
connection between gang membership and health problems and brain-based disorders.
Methods: Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) were analyzed.
Results: The results revealed that gang membership was associated with only two (cancer and high blood
pressure) of the potential 12 health problems and brain-based disorders. Additional analyses indicated that gang
membership was related to a combined measure of health problems, but not to a combined measure of brainbased
disorders or to a cumulative measure of health problems. Supplemental analysis also revealed that gang
membership was associated with an increased odds of being shot or stabbed.
Conclusions: Gang membership does not appear to have sweeping negative effects on general health and brainbased
disorders through young adulthood. We conclude by discussing the limitations of the study and directions
for future research. Keywords: Add health | Crime | Disorders | Gangs | Health |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Multilevel determinants of collaboration between organised criminal groups
عوامل تعیین کننده های چند سطحی از همکاری بین گروه های سازمان یافته جنایی-2020 Collaboration between members of different criminal groups is an important feature of crime that is considered
organised, as it allows criminals to access resources and skills in order to exploit illicit economic opportunities.
Collaboration across criminal groups is also difficult and risky due to the lack of institutions supporting peaceful
cooperation in illicit markets. Thus cross-group collaboration has been thought to take place mostly among small
and transient groups. This paper determines whether and under what conditions members of different, larger
organised crime groups collaborate with one another. To do so we use intelligence data from the Canadian
province of Alberta, centering on criminals and criminal groups engaged in multiple crime types in multiple
geographic locations. We apply a multilevel network analytical framework and exponential random graph
models using Bayesian techniques to uncover the determinants of cross-group criminal collaboration. We find
cross-group collaboration depends not only on co-location, but also on the types of groups to which the criminals
are affiliated, and on illicit market overlap between groups. When groups are operating in the same geographically-
situated illicit markets their members tend not to collaborate with one another, providing evidence
for the difficulty or undesirability of cross-group collaboration in illicit markets. Conversely, members of Outlaw
Motorcycle Gangs are more likely to collaborate across groups when markets overlap, suggesting the superior
capacity and motivation of biker gangs to coordinate criminal activity. Our paper contributes to the understanding
of criminal networks as complex, emergent, and spatially embedded market phenomena. Keywords: Illegal drugs | Multilevel networks | Exponential Random Graph Models | Illegal markets | Criminal groups |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Network structure and resilience of Mafia syndicates
Network structure and resilience of Mafia syndicates-2016 In this paper we present the results of our study of Sicilian Mafia organizations using social network analysis. The study investigates the network structure of a Mafia syndicate,
describing its evolution and highlighting its plasticity to membership-targeting interventions and its resilience to disruption caused by police operations. We analyze two different
datasets dealing with Mafia gangs that were built by examining different digital trails and
judicial documents that span a period of ten years. The first dataset includes the phone
contacts among suspected individuals, and the second captures the relationships among
individuals actively involved in various criminal offenses. Our report illustrates the limits
of traditional investigative methods like wiretapping. Criminals high up in the organization
hierarchy do not occupy the most central positions in the criminal network, and oftentimes
do not appear in the reconstructed criminal network at all. However, we also suggest possible strategies of intervention. We show that, although criminal networks (i.e., the network encoding mobsters and crime relationships) are extremely resilient to different kinds
of attacks, contact networks (i.e., the network reporting suspects and reciprocated phone
calls) are much more vulnerable, and their analysis can yield extremely valuable insights.
Keywords: Social network analysis | Network science | Criminal networks | Mobile phone data |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
دشمنان حکومت : بیداری و باند خیابانی به عنوان نماد مقاومت در آفریقای جنوبی
سال انتشار: 2015 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 7 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 18 در سال های اخیر دولت آفریقای جنوبی خود را به طور فزاینده در تداوم خشونت و بی ثباتی در جوامع خاص که توسط باندهای خیابانی ایجاد شد و به اصطلاح بیداری یا عدالت محبوب نامیده میشود پیدا کرده است. باندهای خیابانی یک مشکل خاص در جوامع عمدتا رنگی در کیپ تاون و پورت الیزابت است. پدیده عدالت محبوب به طور مشخص با شهرستانهای سیاه آفریقایی مرتبط است و باعث گردیده که موارد عدالت محبوب در شهرستانهای مختلف بالا بگیرد.در ارزش اسمی خشونت افراطی است که به نظر میرسد در هردوباند خیابان و بیداری بومی شده است با این حال این پدیده چالش جدی را برای دولت در برخواهد داشت. این مقاله در پی تامل درهردو باند خیابان وبیداری به عنوان نمونه هایی از نماد های مقاومت در برابر دولت از طریق تجزیه و تحلیل زمینه های فرهنگی و اجتماعی هردو باند است. نویسنده نشان میدهد که چگونه باندهای خیایان و بیداری به عنوان نمادهای مبارزه با قدرت دولتی هستند.
واژه های کلیدی: باند خیابانی | بیداری | آفریقای جنوبی | مردم در مقابل باندهای تبهکاری و مواد مخدر(PAGAD) | استان کیپ غربی | استان کیپ شرقی
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