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نتیجه جستجو - Ghana

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 29
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Financial management skills of nurse managers in the Eastern Region of Ghana
مهارت های مدیریت مالی مدیران پرستاری در منطقه شرقی غنا-2021
Background: Ghana’s healthcare sectors are faced with several financial challenges due to increased funding cuts and delayed reimbursement from the National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA). This has necessitated nurse manager to build financial management skills to enable them to lead in the provision of effective and efficient care while reducing cost. This demands adequate knowledge and skills in financial management. The study examined the financial management skills of nurse managers at the unit level. Methods: A quantitative approach using a cross-sectional design was employed using the census approach to collect data from 121 nurse managers in ten hospitals in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Data analyses were performed using descriptive and linear regression analyses. Findings: Nurse managers showed a moderate level of knowledge and skills in financial management. Age, gender, qualification, experience as a nurse manager, and training in management jointly predicted nurse managerss’ financial management (R2 = 0.12, p = 0.029). However, only training in management significantly contributed to the financial skills of nurse managers. Conclusion: Nurse managers play a significant role in the financial management of hospitals but have inadequate knowledge, skills, and competence in financial management. Recommendations include well-structured training and education on financial management using a multidisciplinary approach to enable nurse managers to gain the required knowledge and skills. Continuous experiential learning and mentorship programs should be developed for nurses before the assumption of management positions.
keywords: مدیر پرستار | مهارت های مدیریت مالی | غنا | Nurse manager | Financial management skills | Ghana
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Narrative accounting for mining in Ghana: An old defence against a new threat?
حسابداری روایت برای معدن در غنا: دفاع قدیمی در برابر یک تهدید جدید؟-2021
This article is concerned with aspects of how accounting and accountants figure in economics and policy issues related to mineral and fossil fuel extraction, production and use. Starting by appraising whether narrative ac- counting by a transnational mining corporation is attuned to the people working or living in an area affected by the mining operations, it goes on to considering how data, calculations and communications pertaining to sus- tainability are applied. This includes what connections the people involved perceive between accounting and sustainability. Data were obtained through qualitative fieldwork in and around the Damang Mine in Ghana, comprising interviews with employees and in the community, and analysis of documents. Corporation executives use narrative accounting to back claims that they invest hugely in sustainability, so having, in their words, a social licence to operate from host community stakeholders. This reflects accounting figuring in resource allocation choices, including in terms of how shareholder capital is managed to generate greater societal value and to operate sustainably. However, although many local people see themselves as deriving some benefit from the socio-economic activities of the mining corporation, they see accounting as not their business, being more economic than environmental or social. The inference is that accounting continues to serve purposes of man- agement control of production, distributing value-added in favour of capital providers and managing image reflected in the notion of having a social licence to operate. Despite their belief that accounting and accountants having roles to play in sustainability, they generally cannot identify these roles. These findings imply that, if account providers are serious about being corporately responsible towards affected people, they must do more to ensure that environmental and social aspects receive enough attention to convince those people that they are truly being engaged with on equal terms, in addition to convincing a wider audience that the reports they produce are reliable and relevant to sustainability in practice.
keywords: پایداری | حسابداری | غانیان | بخش معدن | مجوز اجتماعی | Sustainability | Accounting | Ghanaians | Mining sector | Social licence
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Big data management capabilities and librarians innovative performance: The role of value perception using the theory of knowledge-based dynamic capability
قابلیت های مدیریت داده های بزرگ و عملکرد نوآورانه کتابداران: نقش ادراک ارزش با استفاده از تئوری قابلیت پویایی مبتنی بر دانش-2021
This study extended the concept of knowledge-based dynamic capabilities from a firm level to individual level and investigated the relationship between big data management capabilities and innovative performance of university librarians in selected Ghanaian universities. The role of big data value perception as a mediator was also assessed using the PLS-SEM. Data were validated with Cronbach’s alpha above 0.8 and with factor analysis and further convergent and discriminant validity tests. AVE values were higher than 0.5 and CR above AVE and discriminant validity test scores below 0.6. Statistical significance was at a P-value of 0.05. Knowledge-based dynamic capabilities (KDC) were found not to have a direct significant influence on innovative performance (IP) (r2 = 0.109) of librarians. However, KDC positively influenced the perceived value for big data management (BDVP) (r2 = 0.674) with the later having a significant effect on the innovative performance of librarians (r2 = 0.777). BDVP among librarians was found to significantly mediate the relationship between KDC and IP such that KDC indirectly recorded a higher path coefficient (r2 = 0.524) than its initial direct effect of 0.109. Library managers and librarians are encouraged to develop big data management capability of staff to help create positive perceptions about the relevance of the field to enhance innovation and improved performance.
keywords: توانایی پویا مبتنی بر دانش | عملکرد نوآورانه | مدیریت داده های بزرگ | کتابخانه ها | علم اطلاعات | Knowledge-based dynamic capability | Innovative performance | Big data management | Libraries | Information science
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Maize production and environmental costs: Resource evaluation and strategic land use planning for food security in northern Ghana by means of coupled emergy and data envelopment analysis
تولید ذرت و هزینه های زیست محیطی: ارزیابی منابع و برنامه ریزی استراتژیک کاربری اراضی برای امنیت غذایی در شمال غنا با استفاده از تجزیه و تحلیل آمیخته و پوشش داده ها-2020
This paper applies an integrated methodology which is constituted of the following: (i) the Emergy-Data Envelopment Analysis (EM-DEA), (ii) environmental Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), (iii) Value Chain Analysis (VCA), and (iv) Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) approaches, -to support multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) for strategic agricultural land use planning, which could contribute to improve food security in northern Ghana. Five scenarios of land use and resource management practices for maize production were modelled. The business-as-usual scenario was based on primary data, which were collected using semi-structured questionnaires administered to 56 small-scale maize farmers through personal interviews. The dominant land use was characterised by an external input ≤12 kg/ha/yr inorganic fertilizer with/without the addition of manure in rainfed maize systems. The project scenarios were based on APSIM simulations of maize yield response to 0, 20, 50 and 100 kg/ha/yr urea dosages, with/without supplemental irrigation. The scenarios were dubbed as follows: (1) no/low input systems were denoted by Extensive0, Extensive12, and Intercrop20, and (2) moderate/high input systems were denoted by Intensive50, and Intensive100. The EM-DEA approach was used to assess the resource use efficiency (RUE) and sustainability in maize production systems, Ghana. The measured RUE and sustainability were used as a proxy for further analyses by applying the environmental CBA and VCA approaches to calculate: (a) the environmental costs of producing maize, i.e. resource use measured as total emergy (U), and (b) benefits from the yielded maize, i.e. (b i) food provision from grain measured in kcal/yr, and (b ii) potential electricity (bioenergy) which could be generated from residue measured in MWh/yr. The information which was derived from the applications of the EM-DEA, CBA and VCA approaches was aggregated by applying the SBSC approach to do a sustainability appraisal of the scenarios. The results show that, when labour and services are included in the assessment of RUE and sustainability, Intercrop20 and Intensive50 achieved greater marginal yield, better RUE, sustainability and appraisal score. The same scenarios caused lesser impacts in terms of expansion of area cultivated compared to Extensive0 and Extensive12. Meanwhile the impacts of Intercrop20 and Intensive50 in terms of ecotoxicity, emissions, and demand for resources (energy, materials, labour and services) were lesser compared to Intensive100. The implications of the various scenarios are discussed. The environmental performance of the scenarios are compared to maize production systems in other developing regions in order to put this study within a broader context. We conclude that, the EM-DEA approach is useful for assessing RUE and sustainability of agricultural production systems at farm and regional scales, as well as in connecting the management planning level and regional development considerations.
Keywords: Food security | Sustainable agriculture | Strategic land use planning | Emergy-Data envelopment analysis | Environment-biomass-food-energy nexus | Sub-Saharan Africa
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Exploring the multi-level processes of legitimacy in transnational social enterprises
بررسی فرایندهای چند سطحی حقانیت در بنگاههای اجتماعی فراملی-2020
Transnational entrepreneurship has emerged as a form of migrants participation in the social, economic, and political lives of both their countries of origin and of residence. Leveraging in- creasing evidence about migrants involvement in transnational social enterprises, we examine the multi-level processes through which organizational legitimacy is molded by transnational entrepreneurs to reflect country-level institutional settings, and how organizational-level legitimacy affects entrepreneurs social status. We longitudinally examine the multi-level processes of legitimation in a transnational social enterprise operated by Ghanaian migrants across Italy and Ghana. We analyze secondary and ethnographic data for two years, observing how transnational social enterprises harvest moral and pragmatic legitimacy from the institutional contexts in which they operate. We study how entrepreneurs construe their social status through pragmatic legitimacy obtained from their transnational ventures, and their institutional environments in- spired by micro- and meso legitimacy reconfigurations. We discuss theoretical implications for social and transnational entrepreneurship and practical contributions for policy-making.
Keywords: Legitimacy | Entrepreneurship | Social entrepreneurship | Transnational entrepreneurship | Migrants | Ethnography | Ghana | Italy
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Impacts of anti-corruption barriers on the efficacy of anti-corruption measures in infrastructure projects: Implications for sustainable development
تأثیر موانع ضد فساد در اثربخشی اقدامات ضد فساد در پروژه های زیربنایی: پیامدهای توسعه پایدار-2020
This study investigates the correlational impacts of two key constructs associated with corruption in construction and infrastructure-related projects: 1) the effectiveness of extant anti-corruption measures (ACMs) in project planning, procurement and management; and 2) the barriers that hinder the effectiveness of the ACMs. Typically, the study examines the correlational impacts of within developing countries, using Ghana as its immediate context of research. A survey was conducted with 62 professionals involved in project procurement and management. Twenty-four relational iterations were established and examined among the identified constructs (i.e., four barriers and six ACM constructs), forming the studys hypotheses. The results showed that the lack of knowledge and understanding of ones right in a contractual environment and political barriers were the most critical variable and construct, respectively. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) results revealed that seven out of the twenty-four statistical relationships tested were significant. Primarily, the sociopolitical barriers construct, as the most critical one, revealed to have strong impacts on administrative, compliance, and promotional anti-corruption measures. The findings justify why most projects in developing countries are plagued with political corruption that leads to cost and time overruns. Theoretically, this study contributes to the body of knowledge on approaches for dealing with corruption in construction and infrastructure-related projects, an unexplored topic. Practically, it can inform relevant stakeholders of projects, policymakers, and anti-corruption advocates, of the significant barriers that obstruct the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures and the means to extirpate them.
Keywords: Anti-corruption measures | Unethical practices | Barriers | Infrastructure sustainability | Project procurement and management | Developing countries
مقاله انگلیسی
7 The relationship among customer operant resources, online value cocreation and electronic-word-of-mouth in solid waste management marketing
رابطه منابع بین مشتری ، ارتباط با ارزش آنلاین و کلمه الکترونیکی در بازاریابی مدیریت پسماند جامد-2020
In recent times, waste management has engaged the attention of governments, policy makers, and academics as it has ramifications for the health and well-being of citizens, the environment, and the economy. In this regard, waste management firms and policy makers are employing strategic approaches to waste management efforts by empowering relations among various stakeholders to innovate. Thus, customer and stakeholder value co-creation is one such strategic approach waste management firms can adopt to create value and to brand. Previous studies of co-creation in waste management are largely broad in perspective. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to assess the relationship among customer operant resources, online value co-creation and digital branding through electronic word-of-mouth in the Ghanaian waste collection industry. Using the positivist research paradigm approach, a structured questionnaire was used to collect data from customers through social media platforms. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to test the hypotheses. The relationships among customer operant resources, co-creation and electronic word-of-mouth were all significant. Customer value co-creation positively mediates between customer operant resources and electronic word-of-mouth. Firm webbased platforms also positively moderate the effects of customer operant resources on customer online value co-creation. The results of the study can guide management of the firms to design appropriate strategic and educational programs for the customers. This study has advanced knowledge on the importance of customer operant resources in waste management value co-creation by demonstrating the degree of impact of each of these customer resources.
Keywords: Customer operant resource | Value co-creation | Waste management | Web-based platform | Hierarchical regression
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Barriers to post exposure prophylaxis use among men who have sex with men in sub-Saharan Africa: An online cross-sectional survey
موانع استفاده از پروفیلاکسی پس از مواجهه در مردانی که در جنوب صحرای آفریقا با مردان رابطه جنسی برقرار می کنند: یک مطالعه مقطعی بصورت آنلاین-2020
Background: Curbing new HIV infections among MSM in SSA remains problematic, due to cultural beliefs, norms that oppose same-sex acts, and criminalization of same-sex acts. No study focused on barriers to PEP use in SSA region has been conducted. Our study focused on identifying barriers to Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) use among MSM in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was sent out to members of 14 Lesbian, Gay, Transgender, Bisexual, Queer (LGBTQ) associations in SSA, to identify barriers to PEP utilization in MSM. A total of 297 MSM from 22 countries in SSA completed the survey between 8 January 2019 and 23 February 2019. Descriptive statistics were generated, chi-square and backward stepwise logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the association between the outcome “PEP use” and other variables. Results: Most of the MSM were aged 18 to 30, and the majority (220, 74.6%) described themselves as gay. Rwanda had the highest number of respondents (117, 39.7% of the total), followed by Nigeria, Ghana and South- Africa. The majority of respondents reported having heard about PEP (234, 80.7%), and the average PEP correct knowledge level was 59%. Five characteristics were associated with increased odds of using PEP: Age, having vocational education, having heard of PEP, knowledge of where to get PEP, and having been refused housing. Conclusion: There is a need for a collaborative effort between policy makers, key players in HIV prevention, and MSM associations in SSA to remove barriers to PEP uptake to promote optimal PEP utilization amongst MSM.
Keywords: Post-exposure prophylaxis | MSM | Key population | HIV prevention | Sub-Saharan Africa
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Perceived police legitimacy in Ghana: The role of procedural fairness and contacts with the police
مشروعیت درک شده پلیس در غنا: نقش عدالت رویه و تماس با پلیس-2020
The primary purpose of the present study is to examine the extent to which procedural justice and contacts with police influence people’s assessments of their local police in post-colonial societies. Specifically, the study aimed to 1) determine whether favorable perceptions of procedural fair-ness predict individuals’ willingness to accept the police as authority Fig. 2) assess the effects of two types of contacts – police-initiated and citizen-initiated contacts – on people’s decision to view the police as legitimate and 3) assess the combine effect of fairness and contact on the likelihood of citizens voluntarily accepting their local police as authority figure in the community. Analyzing data systematically collected from two large metropolitan areas in Ghana, results demonstrate significant effects of procedural fairness and police-initiated contacts on citizens propensity to consider the police as legitimate. Moreover, results further revealed an interactive effect on police legitimacy in Ghana.
Keywords: Procedural fairness | Contacts | Legitimacy | Police | Ghana
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Land use/land cover dynamics using landsat data in a gold mining basin-the Ankobra, Ghana
پویایی استفاده از زمین / پوشش زمین با استفاده از داده های زمین در یک حوضه استخراج طلا - آنکارا ، غنا-2019
The Ankobra River basin, which forms part of the Southern-Western River System of Ghana, has become a hub for both large and small-scale mining activities. Some of the activities of these mines threatens the sustainability of its resources in the basin. A study in the basin which focuses on changes in LULC patterns in the basin over the past years is therefore paramount to understand the changes that has taken place and its potential impact on resources in the basin. This study assessed the pattern of Land use/cover changes, and the possible drivers of change, in the basin. The study used multi-spectral Landsat images of 30 m resolution for the years 1991, 2002, 2008 and 2016. The Semi-Automatic Classification Plugin (SCP) in QGIS was used for atmospheric correction, image classification using the spectral angle mapping algorithm, and post processing. The overall difference between the reference and the classified map of 2016 was 5.5% with the overall quantity, exchange and shift components as 1.5%, 3% and 1% respectively. Findings from the study show that, the Ankobra River basin has witnessed noticeable changes over the 25-year study period. Closed forest which occupied 40.4% of the total basin area in 1991 reduced drastically to 22.8% in 2016. The dominant LULC change patterns in the basin are from Closed Forest to Open Forest; Open Forest to Farmland, Settlement/Bare land and Mining Area; and the increase in surface area of Water consequently resulting from the increase in Mining Area. Mining activities, particularly illegal mining was identified to be the dominant driver of deforestation in the Ankobra Basin between the years 2008 and 2016 where mining activities in the basin sharply increased.
Keywords: Land use/land cover (LULC) | Remote sensing | Ankobra River Basin | Galamsey | Supervised classification | Deforestation
مقاله انگلیسی
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