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نتیجه جستجو - Global Entrepreneurship

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 18
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 The hidden link between entrepreneurship and military education
پیوند پنهان بین کارآفرینی و آموزش نظامی-2020
Nowadays, military service is mandatory in twenty-nine countries around the world. This military education develops abilities on strategy, teamwork and networking and encourages values such as loyalty, effort, and well- done work. Israel is a clear example of this behavior due to its sociocultural, educative, linguistic and policy dimensions which allow it to develop a competitive strategy based on startups with high potential growth (Haour, 2005).Authors such as Kerrick et al. (2016), Hansemark (2003) and Hatten and Ruhland (1995) show empirical results about the relationship between entrepreneurial education and its impact on entrepreneurship during adulthood. Other authors identify behaviors such as self-efficacy and a passion for inventing, founding and developing skills which could be learnt in different educational scenarios such as in the military (Dinnar and Susskind, 2019).The aim of this paper is to study the link between military education and entrepreneurship. Using a sample frame from the World Military Guide (WMG) and the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), we analyze variables associated with entrepreneurial activity and entrepreneurial training in 42 countries worldwide for the period 2013–2018, of which 13 countries have mandatory military service. The study shows that mandatory military service does not predispose to greater entrepreneurial activity compared to other countries where military service is not mandatory.
Keywords: Total entrepreneurship activity | Mandatory military education
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Climate Change Policy and Entrepreneurial Opportunities
سیاست تغییر اقلیم و فرصتهای کارآفرینی-2020
In the current era, the new climate change policy -based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)- is the inspiration for many types of entrepreneurship which combine value creation with conservation and social protection. In order to obtain a radiography of the European entrepreneurship associated to climate change policy, this paper proposes a study of 22 European countries between the years 2014 and 2017. This sample is obtained from two worthy databases -Eurostat and Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM)- and some variables as contribution to the international 100bn USD commitment on climate related expending, eco-innovation ratio and total entrepreneurial activity (TEA) are used for identifying this kind of sustainable entrepreneurship. Logit modeling is the methodology used for relating the impact of circular economy to entrepreneurial opportunities. This paper concludes that: sustainable entrepreneurship in Europe does not follow a unique model due to the opportunities of Climate change are not taken advance of the same way.
Keywords: Climate change | Circular economy | Sustainability and entrepreneurship
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Goal heterogeneity at start-up_ are greener start-ups more innovative?
ناهمگنی هدف در شروع کار: آیا استارت آپ های سبزتر نوآورتر هستند؟-2020
Start-ups differ in the extent to which they introduce innovations to markets and, hence, in their potential contribution to society. Understanding the heterogeneous character of start-ups is key to explaining the varia- bility in innovation. In this study, we explore whether start-ups that place more emphasis on environmental value creation versus economic value creation (‘greener start-ups’) are more innovative. We also examine how environmental regulations at the country level affect this relationship. We theorize that the fundamental dif- ference between economic value creation (private wealth generation, i.e., self-regarding interest) and en- vironmental value creation (environmental gains for society, i.e., other-regarding interest) influences en- trepreneurial opportunity identification and exploitation. When considering the regulatory context, we draw on the innovation inducement effect of environmental regulations and expect these regulations to be most effective for entrepreneurs with a strong emphasis on economic value creation. Performing multi-level ordered logit regressions with 2,945 start-up entrepreneurs in 31 countries (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data), we find that ‘greener start-ups’ are more likely to engage in product and process innovations. We find some evidence of a positive moderation effect for environmental regulations. We advance research on innovative entrepreneurship by theorizing and finding evidence that other-regarding goals are relevant in explaining start-up innovativeness.
Keywords: Goal heterogeneity | Start-ups | Green entrepreneurship | Environmental regulations | Innovation | Global Entrepreneurship | Monitor
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Individual capital and social entrepreneurship: Role of formal institutions
سرمایه فردی و کارآفرینی اجتماعی: نقش نهادهای رسمی-2020
Drawing on capital theory and institutional theory, we hypothesize the contingent role of a countrys formal institutions (financial, educational, and political) on the relationship between individual capital (financial, human and social capital) and social entrepreneurship entry. Using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data, we find that all three forms of individual capital are important for social entrepreneurship entry. Moreover, we find that this relationship is contingent on the formal institutional context such that (i) philanthropy-oriented financial systems have a positive moderating effect on investment of financial capital; (ii) educational systems have a positive moderating effect on investment of human capital; and (iii) political systems have a positive moderating effect on investment of both human and financial capital. We make substantial contributions to the literature on social entrepreneurship by ascertaining the nature of contingent effects of formal institutions on the relationship between individual capital and the emergence of social enterprises.
Keywords: Social entrepreneurship | Institutional theory | Capital theory | Formal institutions | Global Entrepreneurship Monitor
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Modeling country entrepreneurial activity to inform entrepreneurial-marketing research
مدل سازی فعالیت های کارآفرینی کشور برای آگاهی از تحقیقات بازاریابی کارآفرینی-2020
In 2002, Morris, Schindehutte and LaForge published a seminal work on entrepreneurial marketing (EM) that prominently featured external environmental conditions as a primary influence on the firm. Since then, EM researchers have devoted scant attention to these external environmental conditions. Not surprisingly, important explanations for EM have remained underdeveloped, such as EM as a strategic response to environmental change and turbulence. This study applies two approaches in structural equation modeling (component-based PLS-SEM and covariancebased CB-SEM) to the analysis of the 2016 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data for the purpose of better understanding the external environment for firms entrepreneurial marketing. The model in the study based on data from 65 countries aggregated at the country level, suggested potential entrepreneurs perceptions of entrepreneurship influence entrepreneurship activity in societies positively, but are not influenced by con- structs of the entrepreneurial ecosystem representing institutions of society, such as government programs and policies.
Keywords: Entrepreneurial marketing | Global entrepreneurship | monitor | Structural equation modeling | Entrepreneurship | Entrepreneurial ecosystem | Partial least squares
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Sustainable development, economic and financial factors, that influence the opportunity-driven entrepreneurship: An fsQCA approach
توسعه پایدار ، عوامل اقتصادی و مالی که بر کارآفرینی مبتنی بر فرصت تأثیر می گذارد: رویکرد fsQCA-2020
There are two main reasons when entrepreneurs decide to start a new venture: opportunity and necessity. Opportunity-driven entrepreneurship is expected to provide a stronger long-term positive impact than necessity- driven entrepreneurship. This study aimed to identify the combinations of the economic and sustainable development factors of countries that may be related to opportunity-driven entrepreneurship. In order to identify the combinations of the Sustainable Development and Economic aspects influencing opportunity-driven entrepreneurship, we analyzed the data for 2017 from 57 countries. For this purpose, we conducted a cross- national analysis using the fsQCA methodology, which has proved suitable for small-sized datasets. Data were retrieved from four databases: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Country Risk Score, World Bank Database, and Sustainable Development Goals Index. Thus to analyze opportunity-driven entrepreneurial motivation, we considered economic and financial aspects jointly with social and gender equality, education, responsible pro- duction, innovation and infrastructure indicators.
Keywords: Opportunity-driven entrepreneurship | Entrepreneurial | motivation | Fuzzy qualitative comparative analysis | Sustainable development goals | Country risk
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Understanding social entrepreneurship: A cultural perspective in business research
درک کارآفرینی اجتماعی: یک دیدگاه فرهنگی در تحقیقات تجاری-2020
This study investigates the cultural drivers of social entrepreneurship (SE), focusing on the way in which Global Leadership and Organizational Behaviour Effectiveness (GLOBE) affects social entrepreneurial activity (SEA) in different countries. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and GLOBE project were used as data sources. Cultural values, regional affiliation, and economic development levels were used to cluster the selected coun- tries. Correlations between values and operating SEA were checked for the entire sample, as well as for each of the three clusters. A positive correlation between ‘Gender Egalitarianism’ and narrowly defined operating SEA and negative correlation between ‘Uncertainty Avoidance’ and the aforementioned SEA was confirmed for all the countries, while the linkage between ‘Future Orientation’, ‘In-group Collectivism’, and operating SEA was par- tially verified. Research results suggest that culture is not sufficient to justify national differences in SE rates.
Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship | Culture | GLOBE | GEM
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Socio-cultural factors explaining technology-based entrepreneurial activity: Direct and indirect role of social security
عوامل فرهنگی اجتماعی توضیح دهنده فعالیت کارآفرینی مبتنی بر فناوری: نقش مستقیم و غیرمستقیم امنیت اجتماعی-2020
Nurturing technology-based ventures requires consideration of societal factors besides economic factors. This study aims to analyze the direct effect as well as moderation effect of social security on technology-based entrepreneurial activity. Research hypotheses are tested through panel data analysis. National level data on 45 countries for 8 years (2006–2013) are obtained from multiple sources, including Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, World Competitiveness Yearbook, Hofstede’s national culture dimensions, and so forth. The results imply that social security, as it is known, has a negative relationship with the overall rate of entrepreneurial activity. However, social security has a positive effect on the share of technology-based entrepreneurial activity. In addition, the positive impact of social security shows a gradual decline as individualism increases. Our findings provide solid empirical evidence on the relationship between social security and entrepreneurial ac- tivity, which was ambiguous in the previous studies. The research examines the interaction effects between social security and national culture for the first time. These are expected to provide a practical insight for policy makers seeking to promote entrepreneurial activity at the national level.
Keywords: Technology-based entrepreneurial activity | Global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM) | Social security | Individualism | Socio-cultural factors
مقاله انگلیسی
9 The link between entrepreneurship and informal investment: An international comparison
پیوند بین کارآفرینی و سرمایه گذاری غیررسمی: یک مقایسه بین المللی-2020
This study explores the link between entrepreneurship and informal investment. Using Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data, we examine what types of individuals invest in new businesses. The results reveal that individuals who engage in entrepreneurial activity are, on average, three times more likely to invest in new businesses than those who do not. We also find that individuals with entrepreneurial networks are more likely to invest in new businesses. Moreover, we present estimation results for the odds ratio of business ownership/management and informal investment, as well as of entrepreneurial networks and informal investment, in each country. We find that the link between entrepreneurship and informal investment differs across countries. Specifically, while the proportion of individuals who start businesses or engage in informal investment in Japan is lower than in other countries, the relationship between entrepreneurial propensity and informal investment in Japan is the greatest among 30 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, suggesting the presence of small-world phenomena in entrepreneurship in Japan.
Keywords: Business start-up | Entrepreneurial ecosystem | Entrepreneurship | Informal investment | Odds ratio
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Spillover effects of government initiatives fostering entrepreneurship on the access to bank credit for entrepreneurial firms in Europe
اثرات سرریز ابتکارات دولتی در زمینه تقویت کارآفرینی بر دسترسی به اعتبار بانکی برای شرکت های کارآفرین در اروپا-2020
We explore the role of government initiatives fostering entrepreneurship—in the form of tax advantages and government support—in influencing the probability that entrepreneurial firms obtain bank credit and are not discouraged from applying for a loan. We propose that govern- ment initiatives fostering entrepreneurship should allow entrepreneurial firms to access more bank credit by reducing the risk incurred by lenders. We simultaneously estimate the probability of obtaining credit when a firm applies for a loan and the probability that the firm has been discouraged when it does not apply for a loan. In both cases we control for endogeneity. Our results are based on 18,872 observations (from the European Central Bank (ECB) SAFE dataset and Global Entrepreneurship Monitor – GEM) and show that government initiatives improve the probability of entrepreneurial firms obtaining bank credit but do not affect the probability of being discouraged from borrowing. The results also suggest that government initiatives fostering entrepreneurship are of most benefit to younger, smaller, high-growth, and more innovative firms that operate in contexts where the demand for, and accordingly the competition for, bank credit is strongest.
Keywords: Credit access | Government initiative | Discouraged borrowers | Entrepreneurship | Small and medium firms
مقاله انگلیسی
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