دانلود و نمایش مقالات مرتبط با Guilt::صفحه 1
دانلود بهترین مقالات isi همراه با ترجمه فارسی 2

با سلام خدمت کاربران در صورتی که با خطای سیستم پرداخت بانکی مواجه شدید از طریق کارت به کارت (6037997535328901 بانک ملی ناصر خنجری ) مقاله خود را دریافت کنید (تا مشکل رفع گردد). 

نتیجه جستجو - Guilt

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 33
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 A socio-legal deconstruction of homicide victims and perpetrators: Israeli femicide case law
ساختارشکنی اجتماعی و قانونی قربانیان قتل و عاملان: قانون پرونده قتل در اسرائیل-2020
This interpretive paper explores the ways in which criminal law is applied to femicide victims and perpetrators and how it socially constructs and legitimizes genderbased violence in the form of femicide (the killing of a woman), when applying the doctrine of provocation. In doing so the paper discusses the socio-cultural underpinnings of the criminal legal mitigation available for defendants who claim to have killed their wives while being provoked. Conceptualizing the critical deconstruction within gendered socio-cultural predispositions and ensuing criminal legal doctrine and social norms, the paper demonstrates the ways in which Israeli social norms, attitudes and beliefs towards sexual jealousy, matrimony, loss of control, morality, gender and homicide – are entangled and intertwined in the structure and function of Israeli criminal law. The paper offers a critical analysis of the underlying discriminating gendered basic assumptions that structure current Israeli application of the doctrine of provocation and the way in which such a socio-legal structure constructs the Israeli ‘unfaithful’ woman, and her corresponding ‘reasonable’, and ‘normative’, so to speak, killer. Such men are considered less morally guilty when they kill ‘unfaithful’ women, consequently awarded lenient convictions and sentences. At the same time, Israeli women are blamed for morally instigating and provoking their own killing – thus precipitating their gruesome, premature and undue death. As the Israeli criminal legal structure is deeply rooted in English common law, its substantive criminal doctrine of provocation is widely shared by many countries. In this respect the papers exploration of Israeli criminal doctrine of provocation may provide a significant contribution to socio-legal discourse in many other countries with legal structures similarly steeped in English common law.
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Juror appraisals of forensic evidence: Effects of blind proficiency and cross-examination
ارزیابی صلاحیت شواهد پزشکی قانونی: تأثیر مهارت کور و معاینه متقابل-2020
Forensic testimony plays a crucial role in many criminal cases, with requests to crime laboratories steadily increasing. As part of efforts to improve the reliability of forensic evidence, scientific and policy groups increasingly recommend routine and blind proficiency tests of practitioners. What is not known is how doing so affects how lay jurors assess testimony by forensic practitioners in court. In Study 1, we recruited 1398 lay participants, recruited online using Qualtrics to create a sample representative of the U.S. population with respect to age, gender, income, race/ethnicity, and geographic region. Each read a mock criminal trial transcript in which a forensic examiner presented the central evidence. The low- proficiency forensic examiner elicited a lower conviction rate and less favorable impressions than the control, an examiner for which no proficiency information was disclosed. However, the high-proficiency examiner did not correspondingly elicit a higher conviction rate or more favorable impressions than the control. In Study 2, 1420 participants, similarly recruited using Qualtrics, received the same testimony, but for some conditions the examiner was cross-examined by a defense attorney. We find crossexamination significantly reduced guilty votes and examiner ratings for low-proficiency examiners. These results suggest that disclosing results of blind proficiency testing can inform jury decision-making, and further, that defense lawyering can make proficiency information particularly salient at a criminal trial.
Keywords: Forensic science | Proficiency testing | Expert testimony | Cross-examination | Jury decision-making
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Research findings on Greek forensic patients found not guilty by reason of insanity: A juxtaposition of patients who committed a criminal offense during their first psychotic episode with those who did so later in the course of their illness
یافته های تحقیقاتی در مورد بیماران پزشکی قانونی یونانی که به دلیل جنون بی گناه شناخته شدند: کنار هم قرار دادن بیمارانی که در اولین دوره روان پریشی خود مرتکب جرم شدند با افرادی که بعداً در طول بیماری خود مرتکب جرم شدند-2020
The aim of this study was to compare the baseline characteristics (demographic, psychiatric-psychopathological and legal) among Greek forensic patients found not guilty by reason of insanity. The first step of this approach being differentiating patients who committed a criminal offense during their first psychotic episode from the ones who did so later in the course of their illness. All patients were hospitalized in the Department of Forensic Psychiatry (DFP) of the Psychiatric Hospital of Thessaloniki (PHT) from January 2015 to January 2020 and were examined in order to be included in the study. The final research sample consisted of 78 patients (70 identifying themselves as males and 8 identifying themselves as females) aged 18 and older, 21 of whom committed acriminal offense during their first psychotic episode (FEP, N = 21) and 57 did so later on in the course of their illness (Course, N = 57). Data were collected from multiple sources and several psychometric tools were used (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-M.I.N⋅I, Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale-PANSS, Addic-tion Severity Index-ASI, CAGE Questionnaire, Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire-HDHQ, Global Assessment of Functioning-GAF and Aggression Questionnaire). Comparing the two groups (FEP vs. Course) we found that patients in FEP were younger, had experienced stressful life events in the last 24 months, committedmore serious violent crimes, and more frequently attempted suicide after the crime. Their victims were usually members of their family. The main psychometric disparities between the two groups were found in the “Hos- tility” score of the Aggression questionnaire, and the items “Criticism of Others” and “Paranoid Hostility” of theHDHQ questionnaire, where patients in FEP scored lower. Patients in FEP scored significantly higher in items P1 (delusions), P4 (excitement), P6 (suspiciousness/persecution) and P7 (hostility) of the PANSS scale. No statis- tically significant differences were found between the two groups regarding their evaluation with the CAGE, ASIor GAF questionnaires. When comparing the patients’ present scores in PANSS scale, the patients in FEP hadlower total scores in the Positive and the General Psychopathology subscales. Both groups showed significant improvement during hospitalization in all scales (PANSS & GAF), except for the Negative Subscale of the PANSS scale. Through logistic regression analysis, we found that patients in FEP were younger, more likely to have recently experienced stressful life events and more likely to have assaulted a member of their family. Patientswith higher scores in the “Hostility” subscale of the Aggression questionnaire were found to remain at risk forcommitting a crime during the course of their illness. These findings underline the need to design and develop specialized mental health services in order to identify and treat patients involved in violent crime in a timely and effective manner addressing their multiple needs.* Corresponding author.E-mail address: forensicunit_dir@psychothes.gr (M. Markopoulou).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2021.101673Received 30 June 2020; Received in revised form 7 December 2020; Accepted 13 January 2021Available online 29 January 20210160-2527/© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Schizophrenia | First psychotic episode | Psychosis | Homicide | Found not guilty by reason of insanity | Crime | Aggression
مقاله انگلیسی
4 When the law influences medical practice: Potential impact of the Bouchard-Lebrun ruling on the forensic unit of the Malartic Psychiatric Hospital in Northern Quebec, Canada
هنگامی که قانون بر عملکرد پزشکی تأثیر می گذارد: تأثیر بالقوه حکم بوچارد-لبرون بر واحد پزشکی قانونی بیمارستان روانپزشکی مالارتیک در شمال کبک، کانادا-2020
The attribution of criminal responsibility in the context of substance intoxication is a matter of controversy in forensic psychiatry. In 2011, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that Tommy Bouchard-Lebrun was guilty in the straightforward case of a crime committed while in a state of substance-induced psychosis by an individual without a history of mental disorder. However, the ruling may since have served as a precedent also for settling cases where an offence is committed while in a certain state of intoxication and where there is much more diagnostic uncertainty. The goal of our research was to study the impact of the Bouchard-Lebrun Supreme Court decision on rates of criminal responsibility judgements and toxic psychosis diagnosis in the context of such cases. Applying a time-trend ecological study design, we conducted a chart review of every patient treated at the forensic unit of the Malartic Psychiatric Hospital in northern Quebec in the short periods pre- and post-ruling. We then determined the proportion of patients judged not criminally responsible and the proportion diagnosed with substance-induced psychosis. We ran chi-squared tests on the two sets of dichotomous variables. In the period following the Bouchard-Lebrun ruling, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of individuals judged not criminally responsible, as was a statistically significant increase in the proportion of individuals diagnosed with substance-induced psychosis. The findings suggest that the Bouchard-Lebrun ruling may have had an impact on subsequent forensic psychiatry decision-making and treatment at the Malartic Hospital.
Keywords: Psychiatry | Diagnosis | Forensic | Criminal responsibility | Substance-induced psychosis
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Juror decision-making in cases of rape involving high functioning Autistic persons
تصمیم گیری هیئت منصفه در موارد تجاوز جنسی شامل افراد اوتیستیک با عملکرد بالا-2020
Despite a plethora of research examining juror decision-making within cases of rape, very few studies have attempted to examine how the presence of a developmental disorder within a case can impact jurors decisions. Research shows that individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are sometimes perceived more negatively (i.e. unempathetic) due to stigmatising beliefs associated with ASD. Thus, the present study sought toexamine whether individuals with ASD would be treated differently by jurors in court. Using mock-juror paradigms (N = 204) the present study aimed to explore whether the presence of high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) amongst either the defendant or claimant influenced juror decisions (guilt verdict, confidence inverdict, and believability towards the defendant and claimant) in cases of rape. The presence of ASD amongst either party failed to have an impact on juror decision-making and final guilt verdicts. However, female par- ticipants were more likely to believe the complainant than their male counterparts. Implications of the study and directions for future research are discussed.
Keywords: Jury research | Autism | Rape | Juror
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Psychodynamics of shame in prison: The Russian dolls of shame
روان شناسی شرمندگی در زندان: عروسک های روسی از شرم -2020
Objectives. – Shame is omnipresent in jail, often in the shadows orhidden behind the masks of other affects. However, psychologicalresearch in a forensic context has paid little attention to this feeling.Method. – This present qualitative study, conducted at a Paris sub-urban jail, is based on psychotherapeutic interviews and groupdiscussions on parenthood with inmates.Results. – Shame first reveals itself silently through body language:shifty eyes, sweaty palms, stooped shoulders. Then it becomesmore apparent when incarcerated individuals expose their perso-nal background, the origin of their delinquent behavior, or theireveryday life in prison.Discussion. – We posit that shame is structural and cumulative inthe life of incarcerated individuals, nested like five Russian dollsin their psyche: first, shame germinates in their social and culturalenvironment; secondly, it roots itself in the experience of violenceand trauma; then it is revealed at the heart of the psychodynamicsof crime; it is amplified by imprisonment; and lastly, while still injail, shame is transmitted to the next generation.Conclusion. – Our research has demonstrated the prevalence ofshame in the psychodynamics of inmates. Further research couldfocus on defining specific psychotherapeutic approaches that canhelp them overcome shame.
Keywords: Shame | Guilt| Criminality| Jail | Inmate | Humiliation | Discrimination | Physical violence |Sexual violence | Trauma | Support group | Family | Transmission | Forensic psychology | Qualitative study
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Public beliefs about the accuracy and importance of forensic evidence in the United States
اعتقادات عمومی درباره صحت و اهمیت شواهد پزشکی قانونی در ایالات متحده-2020
Recent advances in forensic science, especially the use of DNA technology, have revealed that faulty forensic analyses may have contributed to miscarriages of justice. In this study we build on recent research on the general public’s perceptions of the accuracy of 10 forensic science techniques and of each stage in the investigation process. We find that individuals in the United States hold a pessimistic view of the forensic science investigation process, believing that an error can occur about half of the time at each stage of the process. We find that respondents believe that forensics are far from perfect, with accuracy rates ranging from a low of 55% for voice analysis to a high of 83% for DNA analysis, with most techniques being considered between 65% and 75% accurate. Nevertheless, respondents still believe that forensic evidence is a key part of a criminal case, with nearly 30% of respondents believing that the absence of forensic evidence is sufficient for a prosecutor to drop the case and nearly 40% believing that the presence of forensic evidence – even if other forms of evidence suggest that the defendant is not guilty – is enough to convict the defendant.
Keywords: forensic science | forensic evidence | CSI effect | public perceptions
مقاله انگلیسی
8 A socio-legal deconstruction of homicide victims and perpetrators: Israeli femicide case law
ساختارشکنی حقوقی اجتماعی قربانیان و مرتکبان قتل: دادرسی اسرائیلی در زمینه قتل-2020
This interpretive paper explores the ways in which criminal law is applied to femicide victims and perpetrators and how it socially constructs and legitimizes genderbased violence in the form of femicide (the killing of a woman), when applying the doctrine of provocation. In doing so the paper discusses the socio-cultural underpinnings of the criminal legal mitigation available for defendants who claim to have killed their wives while being provoked. Conceptualizing the critical deconstruction within gendered socio-cultural predispositions and ensuing criminal legal doctrine and social norms, the paper demonstrates the ways in which Israeli social norms, attitudes and beliefs towards sexual jealousy, matrimony, loss of control, morality, gender and homicide – are entangled and intertwined in the structure and function of Israeli criminal law. The paper offers a critical analysis of the underlying discriminating gendered basic assumptions that structure current Israeli application of the doctrine of provocation and the way in which such a socio-legal structure constructs the Israeli ‘unfaithful’ woman, and her corresponding ‘reasonable’, and ‘normative’, so to speak, killer. Such men are considered less morally guilty when they kill ‘unfaithful’ women, consequently awarded lenient convictions and sentences. At the same time, Israeli women are blamed for morally instigating and provoking their own killing – thus precipitating their gruesome, premature and undue death. As the Israeli criminal legal structure is deeply rooted in English common law, its substantive criminal doctrine of provocation is widely shared by many countries. In this respect the papers exploration of Israeli criminal doctrine of provocation may provide a significant contribution to socio-legal discourse in many other countries with legal structures similarly steeped in English common law.
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Forensic mental health expert testimony and judicial decision-making: A systematic literature review
شهادت متخصص سلامت روان پزشکی قانونی و تصمیم گیری قضایی: یک بررسی ادبیات سیستماتیک-2020
Forensic mental health expertise (FMHE) is an important source of information for decision-makers in the criminal justice system. This expertise can be used in various decisions in a criminal trial, such as criminal responsibility and sentencing decisions. Despite an increasing body of empirical literature concerning FMHE, it remains largely unknown how and to what extent this expertise affects judicial decisions. The aim of this review was therefore to provide insight in the relationship between FMHE and different judicial decisions by synthesizing published, quantitative empirical studies. Based on a systematic literature search using multiple online databases and selection criteria, a total of 27 studies are included in this review. The majority of studies were experiments conducted in the US among mock jurors. Most studies focused on criminal responsibility or sentencing decisions. Studies concerning criminal responsibility found consistent results in which psychotic defendants of serious, violent crimes were considered not guilty by reason of insanity more often than defendants with psychopathic disorders. Results for length and type of sanctions were less consistent and were often affected by perceived behavioral control, recidivism risk and treatability. Studies on possible prejudicial effects of FMHE are almost non-existent. Evaluation of findings, limitations and implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Keywords: Forensic mental health expertise | Judicial decision-making | Review
مقاله انگلیسی
10 The influence of defendant race and mental disorder type on mock juror decision-making in insanity trials
تأثیر نژاد متهم و نوع اختلال روانی بر تصمیم گیری هیئت منصفه در محاکمات جنون-2020
This study examined the joint influence of defendant race (Black/White) and mental disorder type (schizophrenia/ depression) on mock juror decisions in a Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity (NGRI) case. We reasoned that unwillingness to vote for insanity would be more pronounced for a Black defendant with schizophrenia, given overlapping dangerousness and criminality stereotypes associated with those groups. Online community participants (N = 216) read a fictional second-degree murder case in which we varied mental disorder type and defendant race, then provided a verdict (guilty/NGRI) and answered questions regarding the trial. In line with hypotheses, participants were significantly more likely to vote guilty for a Black defendant with schizophrenia as compared to depression, but there were no significant differences for the White defendant. Results of this study suggest that bias in insanity trials can be exacerbated for a racialized defendant.
Keywords: Juror decision-making | Defendant race | NGRI | Insanity | Mental disorder
مقاله انگلیسی
rss مقالات ترجمه شده rss مقالات انگلیسی rss کتاب های انگلیسی rss مقالات آموزشی
logo-samandehi
بازدید امروز: 4244 :::::::: بازدید دیروز: 0 :::::::: بازدید کل: 4244 :::::::: افراد آنلاین: 81