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نتیجه جستجو - Hazards

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 72
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 A combined real-time intelligent fire detection and forecasting approach through cameras based on computer vision method
یک رویکرد تشخیص و پیش‌بینی حریق هوشمند ترکیبی در زمان واقعی از طریق دوربین‌ها بر اساس روش بینایی کامپیوتری-2022
Fire is one of the most common hazards in the process industry. Until today, most fire alarms have had very limited functionality. Normally, only a simple alarm is triggered without any specific information about the fire circumstances provided, not to mention fire forecasting. In this paper, a combined real-time intelligent fire detection and forecasting approach through cameras is discussed with extracting and predicting fire development characteristics. Three parameters (fire spread position, fire spread speed and flame width) are used to charac- terize the fire development. Two neural networks are established, i.e., the Region-Convolutional Neural Network (RCNN) for fire characteristic extraction through fire detection and the Residual Network (ResNet) for fire forecasting. By designing 12 sets of cable fire experiments with different fire developing conditions, the accu- racies of fire parameters extraction and forecasting are evaluated. Results show that the mean relative error (MRE) of extraction by RCNN for the three parameters are around 4–13%, 6–20% and 11–37%, respectively. Meanwhile, the MRE of forecasting by ResNet for the three parameters are around 4–13%, 11–33% and 12–48%, respectively. It confirms that the proposed approach can provide a feasible solution for quantifying fire devel- opment and improve industrial fire safety, e.g., forecasting the fire development trends, assessing the severity of accidents, estimating the accident losses in real time and guiding the fire fighting and rescue tactics.
keywords: ایمنی آتش سوزی صنعتی | تشخیص حریق | پیش بینی آتش سوزی | تجزیه و تحلیل آتش سوزی | هوش مصنوعی | Industrial fire safety | Fire detection | Fire forecasting | Fire analysis | Artificial intelligence
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Knowledge in pre-hospital emergency and risk management among outdoor adventure practitioners in East Africa afro-alpine mountains
دانش در اورژانس قبل از بیمارستان و مدیریت ریسک در میان تمرینکنندگان ماجراجویی در فضای باز در کوه های آفریقای شرقی آفریقا-2021
Introduction: The enjoyment of nature and other benefits of outdoor activities happen amid inherent hazards. This calls for knowledge and competency in emergency and risk management. Practitioners in outdoor activities, such as mountaineering, thus need to be knowledgeable on how to manage risks and attend to emergencies in their practice. The study sought to establish the preparedness of East African mountaineering practitioners in pre- hospital emergency and risk management. It sought to establish their knowledge on prehospital emergency and risk management, based on their age, gender, level of education and refresher training. Methods: The study purposively sampled one hundred and thirty six (N = 136) outdoor adventure practitioners from the Afro-alpine mountain areas in East Africa. It was hypothesized that there would be no significant relationship between the outdoor practitioners’ knowledge in prehospital emergency risk management and their age, gender, level of education, refresher training. Somers’ d was used to test the hypotheses. Results: It was established that the knowledge scores of prehospital emergency and risk management for the mountaineering practitioners was low. It was also established that the knowledge scores of outdoor practitioners were not dependent on their age, gender, and work experience. However, there was a significant relationship between the outdoor adventure practitioners’ knowledge scores and their highest level of education as well as refresher training. Conclusions: The study concluded that there were gaps in the knowledge of prehospital risk management of the East African Afro-alpine mountaineering practitioners. It recommends frequent and regular training and re- certification among outdoor adventure practitioners in order to raise the knowledge in prehospital emergency risk management. African relevance • Identifying prehospital emergency care knowledge by African out- • Prehospital emergency care is not emphasized in the outdoor • With inaccessible health care in African outdoors, there is need for door practitioners can guide planning for training. adventure practice in many African settings. knowledge in prehospital emergency risk management.
keywords: دانش | پیش بیمارستان | اضطراری | کوهنوردی | ماجرا | در فضای باز | Knowledge | Prehospital | Emergency | Mountaineering | Adventure | Outdoor
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Cultural consensus knowledge of rice farmers for climate risk management in the Philippines
دانش اجماع فرهنگی کشاورزان برنج برای مدیریت ریسک آب و هوایی در فیلیپین-2021
Despite efforts and investments to integrate weather and climate knowledges, often dichotomized into the scientific and the local, a top-down practice of science communication that tends to ignore cultural consensus knowledge still prevails. This paper presents an empirical application of cultural consensus analysis for climate risk management. It uses mixed methods such as focus groups, freelisting, pilesorting, and rapid ethnographic assessment to understand farmers’ knowledge of weather and climate conditions in Barangay Biga, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines. Multi-dimensional scaling and aggregate proximity matrix of items are generated to assess the similarity among the different locally perceived weather and climate conditions. Farmers’ knowledge is then qualitatively compared with the technical classification from the government’s weather bureau. There is cultural agreement among farmers that the weather and climate con- ditions can be generally grouped into wet, dry, and unpredictable weather (Maria Loka). Damaging hazards belong into two subgroups on the opposite ends of the wet and dry scale, that is, tropical cyclone is grouped together with La Ni˜na, rainy season, and flooding season, while farmers perceive no significant difference between El Ni˜no, drought, and dry spells. Ethnographic information reveals that compared to the technocrats’ reductive knowledge, farmers imagine weather and climate conditions (panahon) as an event or a phenomenon they are actively experiencing by observing bioindicators, making sense of the interactions between the sky and the landscape, and the agroecology of pest and diseases, while being subjected to agricultural regulations on irrigation, price volatility, and control of power on subsidies and technologies. This situated local knowledge is also being informed by forecasts and advisories from the weather bureau illustrating a hybrid of technical science, both from the technocrats and the farmers, and personal experiences amidst agricultural precarities. Speaking about the hybridity of knowledge rather than localizing the scientific obliges technocrats and scientists to productively engage with different ways of knowing and the tensions that mediate farmers’ knowledge as a societal experience.
keywords: دانش اجماع | پیش بینی آب و هوا | کشاورزی | خطر ابتلا به آب و هوا | Consensus knowledge | Weather forecasting | Agriculture | Climate risk
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Knowledge management and humanitarian organisations in the Asia-Pacific: Practices, challenges, and future pathways
مدیریت دانش و سازمان های بشردوستانه در آسیا و اقیانوس آرام: شیوه ها، چالش ها و مسیرهای آینده-2021
While there is growing recognition amongst humanitarians that knowledge sharing and exchange are essential components of organisational efficiency and effectiveness, knowledge management processes in many human- itarian organisations are still inadequate. The review of knowledge management and international relations literature reveals limited research on the institutional memory of humanitarian organisations. This article aims to start filling this research gap by examining the use of explicit and tacit knowledge transfer in the humanitarian sector in the Asia-Pacific. It points to the embryonic stage of knowledge management and the reliance on tacit knowledge management consistent with the early stage of sector professionalization in the region. It reviews and analyses existing scholarly literature and manuals and draws on fieldwork interviews with key humanitarian personnel that primarily focus on natural hazards. The findings suggest institutional memory in the humanitarian sector remains ad hoc with limited long-term capture. There is a broad tendency in the region to rely on tacit knowledge transfer – interpersonal relationships and informal decision-making – as the dominant knowledge management practice. This reliance challenges knowledge management at the institutional level and indicates a weakness in the institutional memory of humanitarian organisations in the region. Our research raises questions about how to improve knowledge management practices within humanitarian organisations in the Asia-Pacific with significant implications for the sector more generally. A recalibration of tacit and explicit knowledge management would build institutional memory in humanitarian organisations. This requires a dual-track approach with codified documentation of experiences and greater emphasis on an institutional culture of knowledge sharing.
keywords: آسیا و اقیانوسیه | حافظه نهادی | مدیریت بحران | مدیریت دانش | امور بشردوستانه | حکومت | Asia-pacific | Institutional memory | disaster management | Knowledge management | Humanitarian affairs | governance
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Local knowledge of emerging hazards: Instability above an Icelandic glacier
دانش محلی از خطرات در حال ظهور: بی ثباتی بالاتر از یخچال های ایسلندی-2021
Climate change is contributing to shifts in the magnitude and scale of hazards, and the emergence of risks in areas where they were previously unknown. In south-east Iceland, a fracture in the mountainside of Svínafellsheiði threatens to cause between 60 and 100 million cubic metres of rock to fall onto the glacier below. A large landslide could break up the surface of the glacier, crash into the proglacial lake, and affect people and infrastructure downhill. In addition to the unprecedented scale, the Svínafellsheiði fracture represents the first time people and infrastructure have been exposed to this type of hazard in Iceland. In this article we examine the role of local knowledge in disaster risk reduction and management for communities that are facing a particular type of hazard for the first time. We argue that even when a community lacks experience with a specific type of hazard, local knowledge can still play a valuable role in hazard identification and risk management.
keywords: کاهش خطر و مدیریت خطر فاجعه | دانش محلی | رانش زمین | ایسلند | خطر ظهور | Svínafellsheiði | Disaster risk reduction and management | Local knowledge | Landslide | Iceland | Emerging hazard
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Resilience learning and indigenous knowledge of earthquake risk in Indonesia
یادگیری تاب آوری و دانش بومی خطر زلزله در اندونزی-2021
In the context of earthquake risk, a vulnerability and resilience perspective has changed a purely technological orientation in facing natural hazards. One aspect of this change is the increasing awareness to include indige- nous, traditional knowledge, community-based action, and local practices as well as experience from historic events in earthquake hazard management. Various research has shown that indigenous knowledge has an important role in avoiding undesired impacts from hazards. The involvement of indigenous knowledge into hazard management has been accepted as a fruitful approach by many countries. In Indonesia, the indigenous response to natural hazards, especially towards earthquakes, is to adapt the house constructions according to the hazards from their surrounding living environment and these have been tested and proven for many centuries. But while such indigenous knowledge has existed for centuries, learning requires more than just remembering, it needs to be translated into new actions. This paper highlights connections between knowing and acting on di- sasters, as manifested in house construction, and how this resonates with the concept of resilience.
keywords: راه حل های مبتنی بر طبیعت | تمرین تاب آوری | مردم بومی | رویدادهای تاریخی | کاهش خطر بحران | Nature-based solutions | Resilience practice | Indigenous people | Historical events | Disaster risk reduction
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Learning from past earthquake disasters: The need for knowledge management system to enhance infrastructure resilience in Indonesia
یادگیری از بلایای زلزله گذشته: نیاز به سیستم مدیریت دانش برای افزایش انعطاف پذیری زیرساخت در اندونزی-2021
Indonesia lies at the region where Indo-Australian, Eurasian, Pacific and Philippines global tectonic plates meet. In the last 30 years, Indonesia has experienced catastrophic earthquake disasters, causing thousands of loss of life and major infrastructure damage. Since the 2004 devastating Sumatra-Andaman tsunamigenic earthquake, knowledge derived from various disaster experiences regarding infrastructure resilience have been improving. Yet disasters such as the recent 2018 Lombok and Palu earthquakes remain devastating. An investigation on how knowledge on past earthquakes have been managed and utilized to promote better resilient infrastructure in Indonesia is conducted. Lessons are extracted from 5 significant earthquakes causing major damage through compilation and analysis of scientific publications and reports on field surveys, works and existing policies. Factors that keep contributing to the failure of buildings and infrastructure include lack of understanding of local hazard situation, incompliance to seismic resistant codes and standards for buildings and infrastructure, prob- lematic soil condition, and collateral hazards such as tsunami, liquefaction, ground subsidence, landslides, rock avalanche which are adding to the complexity of the seismic hazard. The scarcity of information and knowledge on the performance on resilience of infrastructure during earthquakes in Indonesia limits knowledge-based de- cision making in the planning, development and operation of resilient infrastructure. This study calls for the development of a knowledge management system for earthquake resilient infrastructure in Indonesia, to save more lives and to reduce economic disruptions due to infrastructure damages, and thus contribute to the sus- tainable development goals achievement.
keywords: زیرساخت های انعطاف پذیر | سیستم مدیریت دانش | زمين لرزه | کاهش خطر | Resilient infrastructure | Knowledge management system | Earthquake | Risk reduction
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Capacity building in participatory approaches for hydro-climatic Disaster Risk Management in the Caribbean
ایجاد ظرفیت در رویکردهای مشارکتی برای مدیریت ریسک بلایای آبی-اقلیمی در کارائیب-2021
The participatory approach to Disaster Risk Management (DRM) considers socio-economic factors and facilitates the incorporation of local and indigenous knowledge into management plans while offering an opportunity to all resource users to have an input. Caribbean WaterNet/Cap-Net UNDP, Global Water Partnership-Caribbean (GWP-C), and the Faculty of Food and Agriculture, The University of the West Indies (FFA, UWI) conducted a series of regional training of trainers’ workshops in Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management and Drought Risk Management to build regional capacity in this approach. The trainings took place over two years in six (6) Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Over 150 persons from a range of sectors relevant to water resource management participated and contributed. The workshop gathered information on sectoral impacts, potential mitigation measures and challenges of hydro-climatic hazards. Capacity building and knowledge transfer was evaluated at two stages; at the end of the last day of training and 6 months after, as part of a monitoring and evaluation assessment. Both the initial and 6-month evaluations revealed significant knowledge transfer and subsequent institutional and policy impacts. Initial evaluation indicated 99% participant satisfaction with both training content and structure. In the six-month evaluation, 85% of participants indicated that the knowledge gained was used to improve their work performance and, in some cases, contributed to changes in institutional policy and frameworks.
keywords: کاهش خطر بلایا | خشکسالی و سیل | مشاوره با ذینفعان | کشورهای جزیره ای کوچک در حال توسعه | Disaster risk reduction | Drought and floods | Stakeholder consultations | Small island developing states
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Combining computer vision with semantic reasoning for on-site safety management in construction
ترکیب بینایی ماشین با استدلال معنایی برای مدیریت ایمنی در هر دو سو در ساخت -2021
Computer vision has been utilized to extract safety-related information from images with the advancement of video monitoring systems and deep learning algorithms. However, construction safety management is a knowledge-intensive task; for instance, safety managers rely on safety regulations and their prior knowledge during a jobsite safety inspection. This paper presents a conceptual framework that combines computer vision and ontology techniques to facilitate the management of safety by semantically reasoning hazards and corre- sponding mitigations. Specifically, computer vision is used to detect visual information from on-site photos while the safety regulatory knowledge is formally represented by ontology and semantic web rule language (SWRL) rules. Hazards and corresponding mitigations can be inferred by comparing extracted visual information from construction images with pre-defined SWRL rules. Finally, the example of falls from height is selected to validate the theoretical and technical feasibility of the developed conceptual framework. Results show that the proposed framework operates similar to the thinking model of safety managers and can facilitate on-site hazard identi- fication and prevention by semantically reasoning hazards from images and listing corresponding mitigations. 1. Introduction
keywords: بینایی ماشین | هستی شناسی | استدلال معنایی | شناسایی ریسک | مدیریت ایمنی ساخت | Computer vision | Ontology | Semantic reasoning | Hazard identification | Construction safety management
مقاله انگلیسی
10 The effect of WeChat-based training on improving the knowledge of tuberculosis management of rural doctors
تأثیر آموزش مبتنی بر وی چت بر ارتقای دانش مدیریت سل در پزشکان روستایی-2021
Computer vision has been utilized to extract safety-related information from images with the advancement of video monitoring systems and deep learning algorithms. However, construction safety management is a knowledge-intensive task; for instance, safety managers rely on safety regulations and their prior knowledge during a jobsite safety inspection. This paper presents a conceptual framework that combines computer vision and ontology techniques to facilitate the management of safety by semantically reasoning hazards and corresponding mitigations. Specifically, computer vision is used to detect visual information from on-site photos while the safety regulatory knowledge is formally represented by ontology and semantic web rule language (SWRL) rules. Hazards and corresponding mitigations can be inferred by comparing extracted visual information from construction images with pre-defined SWRL rules. Finally, the example of falls from height is selected to validate the theoretical and technical feasibility of the developed conceptual framework. Results show that the proposed framework operates similar to the thinking model of safety managers and can facilitate on-site hazard identification and prevention by semantically reasoning hazards from images and listing corresponding mitigations.
keywords: سل | مدیریت | آموزش مبتنی بر وی چت | پزشکان روستایی | چین | Tuberculosis | Management | WeChat-based training | Rural doctors | China
مقاله انگلیسی
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