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1 |
Automated vehicle’s behavior decision making using deep reinforcement learning and high-fidelity simulation environment
تصمیم گیری خودکار وسیله نقلیه با استفاده از یادگیری تقویتی عمیق و محیط شبیه سازی با وفاداری بالا-2019 Automated vehicles (AVs) are deemed to be the key element for the intelligent transportation
system in the future. Many studies have been made to improve AVs’ ability of environment
recognition and vehicle control, while the attention paid to decision making is not enough and
the existing decision algorithms are very preliminary. Therefore, a framework of the decisionmaking
training and learning is put forward in this paper. It consists of two parts: the deep
reinforcement learning (DRL) training program and the high-fidelity virtual simulation environment.
Then the basic microscopic behavior, car-following (CF), is trained within this framework.
In addition, theoretical analysis and experiments were conducted to evaluate the proposed
reward functions for accelerating training using DRL. The results show that on the premise
of driving comfort, the efficiency of the trained AV increases 7.9% and 3.8% respectively compared
to the classical adaptive cruise control models, intelligent driver model and constant-time
headway policy. Moreover, on a more complex three-lane section, we trained an integrated
model combining both CF and lane-changing behavior, with the average speed further growing
2.4%. It indicates that our framework is effective for AV’s decision-making learning. Keywords: Automated vehicle | Decision making | Deep reinforcement learning | Reward function |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Acquiring skills in malignant hyperthermia crisis management: comparison of high-fidelity simulation versus computer-based case study
مهارت های کسب در بحران هیپرترمی بدخیم مدیریت: مقایسه شبیه سازی با وفاداری بالادر مقابل مطالعه موردی مبتنی بر کامپیوتر؟-2018 Introduction: The primary purpose of this study was to compare the effect of high fidelity
simulation versus a computer-based case solving self-study, in skills acquisition about malignant
hyperthermia on first year anesthesiology residents.
Methods: After institutional ethical committee approval, 31 first year anesthesiology residents
were enrolled in this prospective randomized single-blinded study. Participants were randomized to either a High Fidelity Simulation Scenario or a computer-based Case Study about malignant hyperthermia. After the inter vention, all subjects’ performance in was assessedthrough a high fidelity simulation scenario using a previously validated assessment rubric. Additionally, knowledge tests and a satisfaction survey were applied. Finally, a semi-structured interview was done to assess self-perception of reasoning process and decision-making.
Results: 28 first year residents finished successfully the study. Resident’s management skill
scores were globally higher in High Fidelity Simulation versus Case Study, however they were
significant in 4 of the 8 performance rubric elements: recognize signs and symptoms (p = 0.025),
prioritization of initial actions of management (p = 0.003), recognize complications (p = 0.025)
and communication (p = 0.025). Average scores from pre- and post-test knowledge questionnaires improved from 74% to 85% in the High Fidelity Simulation group, and decreased from
78% to 75% in the Case Study group (p = 0.032). Regarding the qualitative analysis, there was no
difference in factors influencing the student’s process of reasoning and decision-making with
both teaching strategies.
KEYWORDS : Medical education; Patient simulation; Anesthesia ; Education ; Simulation training ; Malignant hyperthermia |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
The use of a checklist improves anaesthesiologists’ technical and non-technical performance for simulated malignant hyperthermia management
استفاده از یک چک لیست، عملکرد فنی و غیر فنی فنی بیهوشی را بهبود می بخشد، برای مدیریت شبه خلفی شبیه سازی شده-2018 Background: Anaesthesiologists may occasionally manage life-threatening operating room (OR)
emergencies. Managing OR emergencies implies real-time analysis of often complicated situations,
prompt medical knowledge retrieval, coordinated teamwork and effective decision making in stressful
settings. Checklists are recommended to improve performance and reduce the risk of medical errors. This
study aimed to assess the usefulness of the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care’s (SFAR)
‘‘Malignant Hyperthermia’’ (MH) checklist on a simulated episode of MH crisis and management thereof
by registered anesthesiologists.
Methods: Twenty-four anaesthesiologists were allocated to 2 groups (checklist and control). Their
technical performance in adherence with the SFAR guidelines was assessed by a 30-point score and their
non-technical performance was assessed by the Anaesthetists’ Non-Technical Skills (ANTS) score. Every
task completion was assessed independently. Data are shown as median (first-third quartiles).
Results: Anaesthesiologists in the checklist group had higher technical performance scores (24/30 (21.5–
25) vs 18/30 (15.5–19.5), P = 0.002) and ANTS scores (56.5/60 (47.5–58) vs 48.5/60 (41–50.5), P = 0.024).
They administered the complete initial dose of dantrolene (2 mg/kg) more quickly (15.7 minutes [13.9–
18.3] vs 22.4 minutes [18.6–25]) than the control group (P = 0.017). However, anaesthesiologists deemed
the usability of the checklist to be perfectible.
Conclusion: Registered anaesthesiologists’ use of the MH checklist during a simulation session widely
improved their adherence to guidelines and non-technical skills. This study strongly suggests the benefit
of checklist tools for emergency management. Notwithstanding, better awareness and training for
anaesthesiologists could further improve the use of this tool.
Keywords: Checklist ، Cognitive aid ، Anaesthesiology ، Crisis situation ، Malignant hyperthermia ، High-fidelity simulation |
مقاله انگلیسی |