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نتیجه جستجو - Human development

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 14
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Sustainable supply chain design considering indicators of value creation
طراحی پایدار زنجیره تأمین با در نظر گرفتن شاخص های ارزش آفرینی-2021
The growing concern about environmental and social impacts resulting from industrial activities has rethought the problem of supply chain design, in which the environmental and social pillars must be considered in the design process. Although the optimization of economic performance has been the main objective on the design of supply chains, the integration of financial indicators into design models has not been widely developed. This article proposes a mathematical programming model for the design of a sustainable supply chain. The objective function of the proposed model is the maximization of the market value added as a measure of the accumulated economic performance. The formulation includes the application of weighted raw material, transportation, and production costs to correctly calculate the cost of goods sold, a feature widely ignored in the literature. Regarding the social dimension, the installation of plants and distribution centers in regions with low human development index is promoted, and in the environmental dimension, the equivalent tons of carbon dioxide emitted by the land transportation of goods are restricted. An optimization-based primal heuristic is used as a solution strategy for the resulting mixed integer non-linear programming model. Finally, the proposed model is applied to a case study, which demonstrates the importance of considering sustainability for supply chain configuration.
Keywords: Supply chain design | Sustainability | Financial measures | Market value added | Weighted costs
مقاله انگلیسی
2 The role of environmental entrepreneurship for sustainable development: Evidence from 35 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa
نقش کارآفرینی زیست محیطی برای توسعه پایدار: شواهدی از 35 کشور در جنوب صحرای آفریقا-2020
This research seeks to confirm the achievement of sustainable development in Sub-Sahara Africa. In view of this, a panel of 35 Sub-Saharan Africa countries divided into two sub-panels based on their income groupings, namely lowincome, and middle-income countries, from 2000 to 2014 with a cross-sectional dependence among the series was used as a prerequisite for the analysis. We used the Pooled Mean Group estimators of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model to ascertain the long-run mechanism between variables and analyse the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. The key results are: (1) income per capita significantly increases environmental pollution where environmental entrepreneurship decreases pollution of the environment across all panels of SSA countries; (2) in the low-income SSA economies, trade openness enhance environmental quality but increase environmental pollution in both the aggregated panel and middle-income SSA nations; (3) with the exception of low-income countries, human development palpably decreases environmental pollution in middle-income countries and in the aggregated panel a reduction is observed; (4) from financial development perspective, it produces positive and significant effect in the aggregated panel of SSA countries and middle-income SSA nations; (5) the environmental Kuznets curve conjuncture is supported for the selected panels in SSA region. Consequently, governments and policymakers should reinforce policies for the reduction of environmental pollution, more importantly, green financing policies, encourage aspiring environmental entrepreneurs to set environmentally-driven businesses, promote the use of environmental products to mitigate environmental problems and achieve sustainable development.
Keywords: Environmental entrepreneurship | Sustainable development | Environmental pollution | Environmental Kuznets curve | Sub-Saharan Africa
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Poverty and the varieties of entrepreneurship in the pursuit of prosperity
فقر و انواع کارآفرینی در پی شکوفایی-2020
In this paper, we revisit the entrepreneurship and poverty relationship under a eudaimonic perspective that brings together conversion factors, and future prosperity expectations. Based on an fsQCA of changes in life circumstances of 166 farm households in rural Kenya, we explore how different combinations of conversion factors enable distinct forms of entrepreneuring in the pursuit of prosperity. Results show that strong entrepreneurship-enabled future prosperity expectations result from three combinations of enabling conversion factors shaping up three varieties of entrepreneurial endeavors: family-frugal, individual-market, and family-inwards, which show a much more diverse and counterintuitive reality. Our research contributes to literature by revealing and theorizing on a split picture portraying the many ways in which farmers, acting as everyday entrepreneurs, exploit real opportunities in seemingly identical impoverished communities. It also reveals a central disconnect between entrepreneurship, life-satisfaction and financial improvements when assessed against expectations of future prosperity. In doing so, this paper responds to calls for a better understanding of the processes whereby entrepreneurship can distinctively improve current and future life circumstances, and the many ways in which this may happen.
Keywords: Poverty alleviation, future prosperity | expectations, conversion factors, fsQCA | Human development | Farming entrepreneurship | Resource-constrained contexts | Kenya
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Perceptions of danger, tolerance of delinquency, and economic disadvantage: Examining neighborhood influences on child physical abuse
درک خطر ، تحمل بزهکاری ، و مضرات اقتصادی: بررسی تأثیرات محله بر سوء استفاده جسمی کودکان-2020
Background: Social disorganization theory posits that both structural and social features of a particular geographic unit are associated with criminal behavior. Despite many tests of social disorganization theory, few studies have assessed its relevance to child abuse. Objective: This study seeks to explain neighborhood variation in child maltreatment. The goal of the current study is to fill this gap by investigating whether or not child physical abuse is related to neighborhood economic disadvantage, perceptions of the dangerousness of the neighborhood, and norms regarding delinquency. Participants and Setting: Data were drawn from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) and included 2364 respondents from 79 neighborhoods. The dependent variable, the variety or number of acts of severe child physical abuse, was reported by caregivers, while neighborhood characteristics were based on information from the U.S. Census Data and adult respondents living in Chicago neighborhoods. Methods: A multilevel, over-dispersed, Poisson regression models were utilized to predict the variety of acts of severe physical abuse that a child living within a given neighborhood would experience. Results: Neighborhood economic disadvantage was not significantly associated with greater variety of physical abuse. However, neighborhoods perceived as dangerous had greater variety of physical abuse (b=.25, p<.05), while those with a greater tolerance for deviance had somewhat lower variety of physical abuse (b= −.69, p≤.10). Conclusions: These results suggest that some contextual factors may help explain child maltreatment and should be subject to additional research.
Keywords: Child abuse | Neighborhoods | Culture | Dangerousness | Social disorganization
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Poverty and the varieties of entrepreneurship in the pursuit of prosperity
فقر و انواع کارآفرینی در راستای سعادت-2019
In this paper, we revisit the entrepreneurship and poverty relationship under a eudaimonic perspective that brings together conversion factors, and future prosperity expectations. Based on an fsQCA of changes in life circumstances of 166 farm households in rural Kenya, we explore how different combinations of conversion factors enable distinct forms of entrepreneuring in the pursuit of prosperity. Results show that strong entrepreneurship-enabled future prosperity expectations result from three combinations of enabling conversion factors shaping up three varieties of entrepreneurial endeavors: family-frugal, individual-market, and family-inwards, which show a much more diverse and counterintuitive reality. Our research contributes to literature by revealing and theorizing on a split picture portraying the many ways in which farmers, acting as everyday entrepreneurs, exploit real opportunities in seemingly identical impoverished communities. It also reveals a central disconnect between entrepreneurship, life-satisfaction and financial improvements when assessed against expectations of future prosperity. In doing so, this paper responds to calls for a better understanding of the processes whereby entrepreneurship can distinctively improve current and future life circumstances, and the many ways in which this may happen.
Keywords: Poverty alleviation, future prosperity | expectations, conversion factors, fsQCA | Human development | Farming entrepreneurship | Resource-constrained contexts | Kenya
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Determinants of schooling and academic achievements: Comparison between children with and without disabilities in India
عوامل تعیین کننده مدرسه رفتن و موفقیت های علمی: مقایسه بین بچه های با و بدون ناتوانی در هند-2018
Using nationally representative data from the 2005 India Human Development Survey, we identified the determinants of children’s school progression and academic achievements. Results revealed important dynamics of disability and income, both negative in educational attainment, completion, dropout and academic achievements. The effect of father’s education was small when it interacted with children’s disability whereas mother’s education had a positive association in secondary school completion as well as reading and writing skills. Policies addressing disability based discrimination, accessibility of school environment and social protection schemes are recommended to improve the education of children with disabilities.
keywords: School enrollment |Dropout |Academic achievements |Disability |Barriers |India
مقاله انگلیسی
7 When are stakeholder pressures effective? An extension of slack resources theory
چه موقع فشارهای سهامدار موثر می باشد؟ یک بسطی از نظریه منابع سست-2018
There has been an intense debate on when stakeholder pressures are effective in driving firms to contribute to sustainable development. Drawing upon institutional theory and slack resources theory, we theorize that country-level sustainability performance interacts with slack resources in shaping corporate responsiveness to stakeholder pressures. Empirical results based on the data from 6th International Manufacturing Strategy Survey and secondary data of the Human Development Index and the Environmental Performance Index support our hypotheses. As hypothesized, in countries with low level sustainability performance, firms with considerable slack resources are more responsive to stakeholder pressures than their peers with limited slack resources. In contrast, in countries with high levels of sustainability performance, there are no significant differences between firms with and without considerable slack resources in their responsiveness to stakeholder pressures. This study contributes to a better understanding of organizational responses to stakeholder pressures. Moreover, it suggests that stakeholders, depending on country-level sustainability performance, should adopt different strategies to stimulate firms to participate in sustainable development.
keywords: Environmental issues |Social responsibility |Stakeholder pressures |Survey methods |Hierarchical linear modelling
مقاله انگلیسی
8 ارزیابی ارتباط پایداری و فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات
سال انتشار: 2018 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 6 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 20
پیوند بین فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات و پایداری توسط بسیاری از نویسندگان مورد بحث قرار گرفته است، با این حال، تجزیه و تحلیل در سطح کلان با بررسی رابطه بین زمینه های مربوط به فناوری جدید، توسعه انسانی و تعامل بین همه این اقدامات به طور کامل کشف شد در این مقاله، ارتباط بین پایداری محیطی، فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات و توسعه انسانی را بررسی می کنیم. ما دریافتیم که فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات و توسعه انسانی تأثیرات اصلی و تعاملی بر پایداری محیطی دارند. بحث ما تحقیقات بیشتری در این زمینه را برای درک برخی از تعاملات سطح میکرو ارائه می دهد.
کلمات کلیدی: فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات | توسعه انسانی | پایداری | رابطه تکنولوژی با پایداری
مقاله ترجمه شده
9 Tasks Model: A tool to Study the Human Development
ابزاری برای مطالعه توسعه انسانی -2017
Different cultures have raised the development of people through their life cycle, as successions of stages, which are defined by rites of passages and tasks, which often are activities that must be met in order to access the rites, or by tasks that are accomplished and define on their own the closure or compliance with these stages. From these traditions of cultures and different approaches to research approaches in psychology and psychoanalysis the task model conceptualization is structured as a tool that facilitates the study of developmental psychology. Different approaches tasks have been proposed in various contexts for the study of development; in particular, from the study of adolescence and latency from clinical practice on the one hand; and on the other from the analysis of psycho development and research in prevention and educational contexts, from where they have documented and demonstrated applications of this model. In this paper, from the research of primary school students and the evaluation of conceptual materials on adolescence, evidence, practice and usefulness of a conceptual tasks model for development assessment arises. The existence of task structures for stages of development enables applying this knowledge to orient and optimize this development while facilitating tasks in applied areas
Keywords: Developmental psychology | Task model | adolescence | second childhood | latency
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Diversity on the urban margin_ The influence of social networks on the transition to adulthood of disadvantaged immigrant youth
تنوع در حاشیه شهری - تاثیر شبکه های اجتماعی در گذار جوانان بزرگسال محروم مهاجر -2017
Young people are growing up in an increasingly diverse world. The recent debates over super-diversity or hyper diversity in urban studies and geography correspond with the recognition in sociology and human development of a growing heterogeneity in the transition of young people to adulthood across western societies. While national systems of education, employment and welfare continue to stratify opportunities in particular ways, they also shape the relative importance of local contexts such as neighborhoods for providing access to important resources and supports. Greater diversity on the neighborhood level could potentially benefit disadvantaged and minority youth by providing access to more diverse social networks and relationships. The importance of these questions is amplified by persisting patterns of inequality and exclusion, despite the diversification in the fabric of cities and neighborhoods and the greater variability in life course trajectories. Drawing on a study of disadvantaged immigrant young men in Dortmund/Germany and Chicago/USA, who grew up in diverse neighborhoods, this paper explores the mechanisms through which they formed relationships that critically shaped their transitional experience.
مقاله انگلیسی
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