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نتیجه جستجو - Incomplete combustion

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 5
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 A laboratory approach to CO2 and CO emission factors from underground coal fires
رویکرد آزمایشگاهی به عوامل انتشار CO2 و CO از آتش سوزی زغال سنگ زیرزمینی-2020
Carbon emissions from underground coal fires (UCF) have become an emerging research topic and their role in global climate warming has been widely debated. Currently, one big uncertainty for assessing UCFs carbon emission is the hypothesized carbon emission factors (EF) from the complete combustion of coal, while the EF of smoldering combustion of coal in the context of UCF is still unknown yet. In this work, a 1/20 scale laboratory experimental framework was proposed to characterize transient carbon emissions and quantify EFCO2 and EFCO. Effects of fire depth, ventilation area (aperture size), and coal rank on carbon emissions were explored with the extrapolation to the full-scale UCF. Results showed that total carbon emissions increase with the carbon content of coal. Volatile content is an important factor impacting the burning behavior and gas emission. Stable EFCO2 and EFCO of UCF, independent of the fire depth and aperture size, were estimated as 2006 ± 36 g kg−1 and 345 ± 132 g kg−1, respectively; its combustion efficiency was 85% ± 3%. The extrapolation of experimental data estimates the CO2 emission of coal fires in China and the USA as 2.34 × 107–4.61 × 107 t yr−1, which accounted for 0.4% - 0.9% of total CO2 emissions in the world in 2016.
Keywords: Greenhouse gas (CO2) | Carbon monoxide (CO) | Incomplete combustion | Smoldering fires
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Remote sensing of methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from waste incineration
دریافت از راه دور فلاکس های اکسیدی متان و نیتروس از سوزاندن زباله-2018
Incomplete combustion processes lead to the formation of many gaseous byproducts that can be challenging to monitor in flue gas released via chimneys. This study presents ground-based remote sensing approaches to make greenhouse gas (GHG) flux measurements of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from a waste incineration chimney at distances of 150–200 m. The study found emission of N2O (corresponding to 30–40 t yr−1), which is a consequence of adding the reduction agent urea to decrease NOX emissions due to NOX regulation; a procedure that instead increases N2O emissions (which is approximately 300 times more potent as a GHG than CO2 on a 100-year time scale). CH4 emissions of 7–11 t yr−1 was also detected from the studied chimney despite the usage of a high incineration temperature. For this particular plant, local knowledge is high and emission estimates at corresponding levels have been reported previously. However, emissions of CH4 are often not included in GHG emission inventories for waste incineration. This study highlights the importance of monitoring combustion processes, and shows the possibility of surveying CH4 and N2O emissions from waste incineration at distances of several hundred meters.
keywords: Waste incineration | Greenhouse gas emissions | Methane | Nitrous oxide | Remote measurements| Hyperspectral imaging
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Towards a comprehensive understanding of the influence of fuel properties on the combustion characteristics of a RCCI (reactivity controlled compression ignition) engine
به سوی یک درک جامع از تاثیر خواص سوخت در ویژگی های احتراق (واکنش کنترل احتراق تراکمی) موتور HCCI-2016
The influence of fuel chemical properties on combustion characteristics of a RCCI (reactivity controlled compression ignition) engine was investigated using multi-dimensional simulations. The operating ranges of combustion phasing (CA50) for gasoline/diesel and methanol/diesel RCCI combustion were determined with respect to limited boundaries of fuel efficiency, RI (ringing intensity), and NOx (nitrogen oxide) emissions. The results indicated that a more retarded CA50 was necessary for methanol/diesel RCCI to avoid excessive RI due to its fast combustion rate. Because of the shortened combustion duration, reduced incomplete combustion, and lower heat transfer losses, improved fuel efficiency was achieved by methanol/diesel RCCI than gasoline/diesel RCCI. The trade-off relationship between RI and EISFC (equivalent indicated specific fuel consumption) could be defeated by increasing premixed fuel ratio (methanol or gasoline). For methanol/diesel RCCI, the more retarded CA50 was the primary reason for the higher sensitivity of CA50 to the variation of inecylinder initial temperature (TIVC), which conse- quently could lead to higher cyclic variations. In addition, the weakened low temperature heat release of methanol/diesel also deteriorated the stability of CA50 with the variation of TIVC. Overall, with optimized premixed fuel ratio, RCCI combustion demonstrated more advantages in EISFC, RI, controllability, and stable operation over HCCI (homogeneous charge compression ignition) combustion for a wide load range.© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: RCCI (Reactivity controlled compression ignition) | Gasoline/diesel | Methanol/diesel | Fuel chemical properties | Operating range of combustion phasing
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Improvement of the Compression-ignition Engine Indicators Using Dual Fuel (Diesel and Liquefied Petroleum Gas)
بهبود شاخص های فشرده سازی احتراق موتور با استفاده از سوخت دوگانه (دیزل و گاز مایع)-2016
The influence of additional supplies of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) blends is investigated on the energetic and environmental indicators of the compression-ignition (CI) engine operating diesel (dual fuel). By performance of the tests and numerical simulations using the AVL BOOST program, it was found that an additional supply of LPG affects the combustion process of combustible mixture and reduces the thermal efficiency of the engine. The change of the composition of the combustible mixture increases incomplete combustion products, that is concentration of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and smoke in the exhaust gases, but reduces nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Using the dual fuel and by optimizing the diesel advanced injection timing, the engine operating efficiency is close to diesel fuel, the concentration of incomplete combustion product decreases, but exceeds the emissions produced by the use of pure diesel.
Keywords: dual fuel | liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) | CI engine | energy and ecological indicators | advanced injection timing
مقاله انگلیسی
5 مسمومیت مونوکسید کربن: یک بررسی به روز شده
سال انتشار: 2007 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 9 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 24
مونوکسید کربن (CO)، یک گاز بسیار سمی تولید شده توسط احتراق ناقص هیدروکربن ها است و یک علت نسبتا شایع صدمه زدن به انسان است. سمیت CO اغلب نادیده گرفته می شود چون بی مزه و بی بو است و نشانه ها و علائم بالینی خاصی ندارد. مغز و قلب ممکن است به شدت پس از قرار گرفتن در معرض CO با سطوح کربوکسی هموگلوبین (COHb) بیش از 20٪، تحت تاثیر قرار گیرند. آسیب به این دلیل رخ می دهد که تمایل هموگلوبین به CO، حدود 210برابر بیشتر از O2 است. آسیب ناشی از هایپوکسی مغزی غالبا در پوسته مغز، ماده سفید مغز و بازال گانگلیا و به ویژه در گلوبس پالیدوس مشهود است. برای تشخیص، به ظرفیت بالینی و شاخص بالای توهم همراه با داده های اپیدمیولوژیک، معاینه بالینی، تجزیه و تحلیل CO محیط و سطوح COHb بیمار؛ نیاز است. همچنین ارزیابی قلب و عروق از جمله ECG و نیز ارزیابی عصبی از جمله تصویربرداری از مغز (CT و / یا MRI، طیف سنجی MR)، و آزمایش های اعصاب، مورد نیاز است. اگر چه گاهی اوقات تنفس O2 یک درمان مناسب است، اما درمان با اکسیژن پرفشار (HBO) بیشتر مورد توجه است. پس از آن، تنها درمان علامتی برای عوارض طولانی مدت مسمومیت CO در دسترس است. کلمات کلیدی: مونوکسید کربن (CO) | کربوکسی هموگلوبین (COHb) | اکسیژن پرفشار (HBO) | آسیب های مغزی | آسیب قلب | عصبی | CT | MRI
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