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افزایش هوشمندی به منظور بهره وری ، زیست پذیری و پایداری
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 8 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 11 این کتاب به دنبال توسعه چارچوبی برای بررسی تجربیات شهرهای هوشمند در حوزه های قضایی مختلف در سراسر آسیا اقیانوسیه ، قاره آمریکا ، اروپا و انگلستان ، خاورمیانه و آفریقا است. این چارچوب ، که در فصل 2 شرح داده شده ، برای درک محرک ها ، هنرمندان و نتایج سیاست ها و همچنین سیستم عامل های فناوری است که پایه و اساس نوآوری هایی است که باعث افزایش بهره وری ، پایداری و زیست پذیری شده اند. در حالی که مقیاس ابتکارات شهرهای هوشمند در زمینه های مختلف جغرافیایی متفاوت است ، این مسئله که چگونه مردم به سوی نوآوری روی بیاورند و چگونه آن را در کل شهر قابل استفاده کرد؛ اهمیت به سزایی دارد. این کتاب عوامل اصلی عملکردهای فعلی شهرهای هوشمند را در چندین مکان مشخص بیان می کند. همچنین به شرح عوامل اصلی و نقش های آنها - دولت ها ، صنایع خصوصی ، شرکت های فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات (ICT) ، شهروندان و کاربران نهایی در هر زمینه می پردازد. شناسایی محرکها ، هنرمندان و نتایج کلیدی به صورت سازمان یافته، بینش مهمی در سایر حوزه های قضایی در مورد چگونگی بازنگری یا تدوین بهتر سیاستها و برنامه¬های فعلی و آینده¬ی جنبش¬های نوآوری در زمینه فناوری و اجتماعی فراهم می کند. |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
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The development of complex and controversial innovations. Genetically modified mosquitoes for malaria eradication
توسعه نوآوری های پیچیده و بحث برانگیز. پشه های اصلاح شده ژنتیکی برای ریشه کن کردن مالاریا-2020 When there is significant uncertainty in an innovation project, research literature suggests that strictly sequencing
actions and stages may not be an appropriate mode of project management. We use a longitudinal
process approach and qualitative system dynamics modelling to study the development of genetically modified
(GM) mosquitoes for malaria eradication in an African country. Our data were collected in real time, from early
scientific research to deployment of the first prototype mosquitoes in the field. The gene drive technology for
modifying the mosquitoes is highly complex and controversial due to risks associated with its characteristics as a
living, self-replicating technology. We show that in this case the innovation journey is linear and highly
structured, but also embedded within a wider system of adoption that displays emergent behaviour. Although
the need to control risks associated with the technology imposes a linearity to the NPD process, there are
possibilities for deviation from a more structured sequence of stages. This arises from the effects of feedback
loops in the wider system of evidence creation and learning at the population and governance levels, which
cumulatively impact on acceptance of the innovation. The NPD and adoption processes are therefore closely
intertwined, meaning that the endpoint for R&D and beginning of mainstream adoption and diffusion are unclear.
A key challenge for those responsible for NPD and its regulation is to plan for the adoption of the technology
while simultaneously conducting its scientific and technical development. Keywords: New product development | Adoption | Genetically modified mosquitoes | Living technology | Gene drive | Malaria |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Intelligent energy management in off-grid smart buildings with energy interaction
مدیریت انرژی هوشمند در ساختمانهای هوشمند خارج از شبکه با تعامل انرژی-2020 The energy interaction between smart homes can be a solution for developing renewable energy systems
in residential sections and optimal energy consumption in homes. The main objectives of such energy
interactions are to increase consumer participation in energy management‘ boost economic efficiency‘
increase the user’s satisfaction by choosing between electricity sellers and buyers‘ and reduce the
electricity purchased from the grid especially at peak hours. Thus, the innovations of this study includes
defining an energy exchange method between smart buildings in an off-grid mode considering
renewable energy systems, considering both thermal and electrical equilibrium and studying the
lightning loads. it is assumed, here, that smart homes are off-grid‘ and the critical loads are supplied by
the energy transfer between the homes using mixed integer linear programming. A compromise between
the cost and time interval for using home appliances is considered to provide consumer’s comfort.
An objective function is introduced considering programmable and non-programmable loads‘ thermal
and electrical storages and lighting loads aiming to optimize the cost of energy between different smart
buildings. Based on the method, which is tested in two different cases not only does the total cost of the
smart buildings decrease but also the cost is reduced significantly when lightning loads are managed. Keywords: Energy management | Smart homes | Smart microgrid | Energy storage system | Wind turbine |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Research on the policy route of China’s distributed photovoltaic power generation
تحقیق در مورد مسیر سیاست تولید انرژی فتوولتائیک و توزیع شده در چین-2020 The distributed photovoltaic power generation is an important way to make use of solar energy in
cities. China issues a series of policies to support the development of distributed photovoltaics in
law, electricity price, grid connection standard, project management, financial support and so on.
However, there are still some defects in policies and market mechanism. China creates a competitive
market with a significant number of projects of distributed photovoltaic power through the reform of
the electricity market, yet substantial drawbacks of the corresponding investment subsidies prevent
distributed photovoltaic power from rapidly developing. This paper summarizes the status quo of
China’s distributed photovoltaic power development, given its long-term plan, presents excellences and
shortcomings of the existing policy system, and looks into the supporting policies and implementation
paths for China’s distributed photovoltaic power in different stages. Innovative business models and
financial support models are conducive to the development of distributed photovoltaic power. Financial
innovation methods such as crowd funding and asset securitization should be encouraged to develop
a sound risk assessment mechanism for projects, involve insurance institutions, and establish a risk
sharing mechanism. In the context of a series of supporting policies, the distributed photovoltaic
power in China will move towards market-oriented standardization for a healthier and more stable
development. Keywords: Distributed photovoltaic power | Electricity price | Policy route | Development strategy |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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MISS-D: A fast and scalable framework of medical image storage service based on distributed file system
MISS-D: یک چارچوب سریع و مقیاس پذیر از خدمات ذخیره سازی تصویر پزشکی بر اساس سیستم فایل توزیع شده-2020 Background and Objective Processing of medical imaging big data is deeply challenging due to the size of
data, computational complexity, security storage and inherent privacy issues. Traditional picture archiving
and communication system, which is an imaging technology used in the healthcare industry, generally
uses centralized high performance disk storage arrays in the practical solutions. The existing storage solutions
are not suitable for the diverse range of medical imaging big data that needs to be stored reliably
and accessed in a timely manner. The economical solution is emerging as the cloud computing which
provides scalability, elasticity, performance and better managing cost. Cloud based storage architecture
for medical imaging big data has attracted more and more attention in industry and academia.
Methods This study presents a novel, fast and scalable framework of medical image storage service based
on distributed file system. Two innovations of the framework are introduced in this paper. An integrated
medical imaging content indexing file model for large-scale image sequence is designed to adapt to the
high performance storage efficiency on distributed file system. A virtual file pooling technology is proposed,
which uses the memory-mapped file method to achieve an efficient data reading process and
provides the data swapping strategy in the pool.
Result The experiments show that the framework not only has comparable performance of reading and
writing files which meets requirements in real-time application domain, but also bings greater convenience
for clinical system developers by multiple client accessing types. The framework supports different
user client types through the unified micro-service interfaces which basically meet the needs of
clinical system development especially for online applications. The experimental results demonstrate the
framework can meet the needs of real-time data access as well as traditional picture archiving and communication
system.
Conclusions This framework aims to allow rapid data accessing for massive medical images, which can be
demonstrated by the online web client for MISS-D framework implemented in this paper for real-time
data interaction. The framework also provides a substantial subset of features to existing open-source and
commercial alternatives, which has a wide range of potential applications. Keywords: Hadoop distributed file system | Data packing | Memory mapping file | Message queue | Micro-service | Medical imaging |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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A robust co-state predictive model for energy management of plug-in hybrid electric bus
یک مدل پیش بینی شده مشترک قدرتمند برای مدیریت انرژی اتوبوس برقی هیبریدی پلاگین-2020 This paper proposes a robust co-state predictive model for Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (PMP)-based
energy management of plug-in hybrid electric bus (PHEB). The main innovation is that the robust costate
predictive model is only expressed by a simplified formula. Moreover, it is exclusively designed
by the Design For Six Sigma (DFSS) method in consideration of noises of driving cycles and stochastic
vehicle mass. Because the DFSS strives to minimize the weighted sum of mean and standard deviation of
fuel consumption, the proposed strategy can simultaneously improve the fuel economy of the PHEB and
its robustness. The DFSS results show that the coefficients of the robust co-state predictive model can be
found; the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy has similar fuel economy to dynamic
programming (DP); the hardware-in-loop (HIL) results demonstrate that the proposed strategy
has good real-time control performance, and can averagely improve the fuel economy by 35.19%
compared to a rule-based control strategy. Keywords: Plug-in hybrid electric bus | Energy management | PMP | Co-state predictive model | Design for six sigma |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Strengthening science, technology, and innovation-based incubators to help achieve Sustainable Development Goals : Lessons from India
تقویت علم، فن آوری، و رشد مبتنی بر نوآوری برای کمک به دستیابی اهداف توسعه پایدار: درس هایی از هند-2020 Policymakers in developing countries increasingly see science, technology, and innovation (STI) as an avenue for
meeting sustainable development goals (SDGs), with STI-based startups as a key part of these efforts. Market
failures call for government interventions in supporting STI for SDGs and publicly-funded incubators can potentially
fulfil this role. Using the specific case of India, we examine how publicly-funded incubators could
contribute to strengthening STI-based entrepreneurship. Indias STI policy and its links to societal goals span
multiple decades—but since 2015 these goals became formally organized around the SDGs. We examine why
STI-based incubators were created under different policy priorities before 2015, the role of public agencies in
implementing these policies, and how some incubators were particularly effective in addressing the societal
challenges that can now be mapped to SDGs. We find that effective incubation for supporting STI-based entrepreneurship
to meet societal goals extended beyond traditional incubation activities. For STI-based incubators
to be effective, policymakers must strengthen the ‘incubation system’. This involves incorporating targeted SDGs
in specific incubator goals, promoting coordination between existing incubator programs, developing a performance
monitoring system, and finally, extending extensive capacity building at multiple levels including for
incubator managers and for broader STI in the country. Keywords: Science technology and innovation | developing countries | entrepreneurship | incubators | public policy | sustainable development goals | science policy |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Micro-foundations of organizational ambidexterity in the context of cross-border mergers and acquisitions
مبانی خرد دوسویه سازمانی در زمینه ادغام و ادغام مرزی-2020 Micro-foundational approaches can enable firms to develop organizational ambidexterity, which is critical to
long-term prosperity. However, to date, few studies have examined how mergers and acquisitions (M&
A)—processes reliant on knowledge transfer—provide a useful organizational context through which to understand the achievement of organizational ambidexterity. Considering organizational ambidexterity from the
viewpoint of exploitative and explorative innovation, we examine how behavioral contexts (corporate entrepreneurship) and structure (integration) regulate knowledge transfer activities at the micro-foundational and
firm levels within a cross-border M&A context. Analysis of 143 cross-border M&As completed by United
Kingdom (UK) acquiring firms revealed that: (1) knowledge sharing between the acquirer and the acquired leads
to organizational ambidexterity; (2) increased use of the acquired targets capabilities has a negative effect on
organizational ambidexterity; (3) overall, capability sharing is positively related to organizational ambidexterity; (4) corporate entrepreneurship has both negative and positive moderating effects (on use of the acquired targets capabilities and capability sharing, respectively), while integration positively moderates the effects of knowledge sharing on organizational ambidexterity.
Keywords: Micro-foundations | Organizational ambidexterity | Corporate entrepreneurship | Merger and acquisitions | Capabilities Knowledge sharing |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Are social incubators different from other incubators? Evidence from Italy
آیا دستگاه های جوجه کشی اجتماعی با سایر دستگاه های جوجه کشی فرق دارند؟ مدارکی از ایتالیا-2020 This paper defines and analyses incubators that mainly support start-ups with a significant social impact. In 2016, a survey was conducted on the 162 incubators active in Italy, and a total of 88 responses were received. An analysis of the literature and of this dataset led to the identification of three types of incubators: Business, Mixed, and Social. Thirty of the respondents sent information on their tenants. Thanks to the data regarding 247 tenants, it was possible to analyze the impact of the three different types of incubators (Business, Mixed, and Social) on the tenants’ growth through OLS regression analyses. A Social Incubator is here defined as an incubator that supports more than 50% of start-ups that aim to introduce a positive social impact. The study shows that Social Incubators perceive social impact measurement and training/consulting on business ethics and CSR as being more important services than other incubator types. The regression analyses explain that Social Incubators are as efficient as other incubators, in terms of tenants’ economic growth, notwithstanding the focus of Social Incubators on start-ups that do not pursue only economic objectives. Finally, this study indicates that policy- makers can foster Social Incubators to support social entrepreneurship. Keywords: Incubators | Accelerators | Social start-up | Social entrepreneurship | Social innovation | Entrepreneurship |
مقاله انگلیسی |
10 |
Leveraging inter-industry spillovers through DIY laboratories: Entrepreneurship and innovation in the global bicycle industry
استفاده از سرریز بین صنایع از طریق آزمایشگاه های DIY: کارآفرینی و نوآوری در صنعت جهانی دوچرخه-2020 DIY laboratories have the potential to advance new technologies, products and services through the leveraging of
low-cost facilities by entrepreneurial individuals. We add to this emerging understanding of the DIY phenomenon by investigating the prevalence, operations and contextual factors that impact the use of DIY laboratories in
the bicycle industry. We find two contexts in which DIY laboratories are utilised to develop component-level
innovations: first, DIY laboratories are utilised as a low-cost way to enter an industry where the entrepreneur
lacks the necessary financial resources and rely upon bootstrapping to build their enterprise. Second, and more
frequently, DIY laboratories were used for the integration of diversified technical knowledge originating in other
industries. Our study highlights the important role that DIY laboratories may play in leveraging inter-industry
knowledge spillovers whereby DIY laboratories operate as incubators in the repurposing of diversified knowledge from high-technology sectors to lower-technology sectors to generate incremental innovation. Further, the
modular product architecture of the bicycle helped facilitate the co-opting of technical knowledge prevalent in
other industries by allowing entrepreneurs to focus their product development and subsequent commercialisation activities at the component level of the product artefact.
Keywords: DIY laboratories | Knowledge spillover | Modularity | Exaptation |
مقاله انگلیسی |