دانلود و نمایش مقالات مرتبط با Innovation::صفحه 10
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نتیجه جستجو - Innovation

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 690
ردیف عنوان نوع
91 Remanufacturing with upgrade PSS for new sustainable business models
تولید مجدد با PSS ارتقا یافته برای مدل های جدید تجاری پایدار-2020
Starting from mid ‘90s, Eco-efficient Product Service Systems (PSSs) were indicated in literature as enablers toward a more sustainable and resource-efficient industry through re-use and remanufacturing. In this regard, academicians and practitioners outlined several advantages (environmental and economic) but also many barriers hindering their implementation, such as market acceptance and economic sustainability. Thus, the diffusion of re-use and remanufacturing PSS is currently limited and mainly restricted to markets accepting also out-dated products (e.g. B2B or emerging countries). To cope with this limitation, product upgrade in re-manufacturing was recently introduced. Upgrade cycles allow embedding technological innovation into products while remanufacturing, thus reaching advanced performances and satisfying evolving customers’ preferences over time. If coupled with the offering of advanced services, remanufacturing with upgrade would open the way to new disruptive PSSs able to revolution customers’ consumption behaviour, as well as the manufacturing business model of companies. The new remanufacturing with upgrade business models will make remanufacturing one of the main pillars of companies’ business value generation, allowing improved management of technology cycles and of products obsolescence. Thus, overall economic and environmental benefits will be maximised. However, the implementation of such business models represents a challenge for manufacturers. The evolution from a pure manufacturing towards a manufacturing/remanufacturing company, together with the transition from a product to a service-based offering, entails considerable changes in all the business model variables. Drawing on the theory of business model innovation process, incremental or radical innovation paths can be hypothesised for this transition. Despite the focus of recent research on Product Service Systems and on Circular Economy, remanufacturing-with-upgrade business models are rarely cited in literature and there is limited empirical evidence of companies having embraced them. To set the research framework in alignment with previous theory, this paper proposes a structured definition and configuration of innovative remanufacturing-with-upgrade business models. By looking at existing examples of companies having undertaken this type of business model innovation, different typologies of remanufacturing and upgrade business models are proposed. Companies were classified according to the identified PSS typologies and conclusions are derived, together with future research perspectives.© 2018 CIRP.
Keywords: Re-manufacturing | Upgrade | Sustainable Product Service Systems | Business model | Circular economy
مقاله انگلیسی
92 The impact of social power and influence on the implementation of innovation strategies: A case study of a UK mega infrastructure construction project
تأثیر قدرت و نفوذ اجتماعی در اجرای استراتژی های نوآوری: مطالعه موردی یک پروژه ساخت و ساز زیرساخت مگا انگلیس-2020
Influence plays a key role in reaching consensus among multiple actors involved in project-based decision- making processes. While prior literature devotes considerable attention to describing influence, little attention has been paid to influence at the individual level of the strategic project manager within the context of megaprojects. This research intended to fill this knowledge gap by identifying and describing the influence strategies that a strategic project manager applies when implementing innovation strategies on megaprojects. A qualitative case study was used to examine the complex social processes involved in a major UK capital investment programme. The findings underline a critical subset of influence strategies, notably higher-management support, inspirational appeal and bargaining. The study proposes a utilitarian structure of social power comprising selective, supportive and executory power bases
Keywords: Social power | Influence strategies | Megaprojects | Social processes | Project innovation strategy
مقاله انگلیسی
93 Climate Change Policy and Entrepreneurial Opportunities
سیاست تغییر اقلیم و فرصتهای کارآفرینی-2020
In the current era, the new climate change policy -based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)- is the inspiration for many types of entrepreneurship which combine value creation with conservation and social protection. In order to obtain a radiography of the European entrepreneurship associated to climate change policy, this paper proposes a study of 22 European countries between the years 2014 and 2017. This sample is obtained from two worthy databases -Eurostat and Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM)- and some variables as contribution to the international 100bn USD commitment on climate related expending, eco-innovation ratio and total entrepreneurial activity (TEA) are used for identifying this kind of sustainable entrepreneurship. Logit modeling is the methodology used for relating the impact of circular economy to entrepreneurial opportunities. This paper concludes that: sustainable entrepreneurship in Europe does not follow a unique model due to the opportunities of Climate change are not taken advance of the same way.
Keywords: Climate change | Circular economy | Sustainability and entrepreneurship
مقاله انگلیسی
94 To what extent do young innovative companies take advantage of policy support to enact innovation appropriation mechanisms?
شرکت های نوآور جوان تا چه اندازه از مزایای سیاست برای استفاده از سازوکارهای اختصاصی نوآوری بهره می گیرند؟-2020
Innovative entrepreneurship is at the heart of economic development in all modern economic systems. However, we observe in several developed countries - especially Europe - a languishing in the capacity to foster creative destruction (i.e. Schumpeter Mark 1, SM1) dynamics and to create young innovative companies (YICs), capable to establish themselves as leaders in markets or become successful innovators. One key issue that is often ad- vocated in this respect is the deficit suffered from YICs in fully protecting their innovations and appropriating (at least in part) returns from them. The usage of formal (e.g., intellectual property rights) and informal (e.g., secrecy, lead time, access to complementary assets) instruments to protect intellectual property assets has the potential to overcome this difficulty. Different types of policy mechanisms have been put in place to help YICs. However, high implicit and explicit costs and barriers prevent YICs’ use of protection strategies, limiting the ability to generate SM1 dynamics or accessing market for ideas, even upon policy support. By relying on the resource-based view of the firm, our paper investigates to what extent a comprehensive set of policy measures recently introduced in the Italian context and focused on alleviating the hurdles suffered by YICs is associated with the choice of YICs to protect their innovations. The econometric analyses based on more than 1,600 Italian YICs show how the use of financial policy measures are associated to both formal and informal instruments, while labour policy measures are only related to formal ones.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship policy | Institutional reform | Young innovative companies | Intellectual property rights | Appropriation mechanisms
مقاله انگلیسی
95 Future management
مدیریت آینده-2020
Accurate forecasting, good identification of trends is the basis of business success. Strategic management methods and techniques that use experience and historical economic data are not adequate to the rapidly changing business environment. In particular, technological changes, and in particular the widespread use of ICT, forces a new approach to management style and changes in the way data is acquired on the basis of which future decisions are made. Innovation thinking, a flexible and dynamic approach to making future-oriented decisions using new technologies are the foundations of future management. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to show the role and position of technology in creating the future.© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the KES International.
Keywords: Future management | forecasting the future | new technologies
مقاله انگلیسی
96 Business model risk and uncertainty factors: Toward building and maintaining profitable and sustainable business models
فاکتورهای ریسک و عدم اطمینان مدل کسب و کار: به سمت ساخت و حفظ مدل های تجاری سودآور و پایدار-2020
Business models and business model innovation and particularly their opportunities have been a popular topic recently, but we find the extant literature on the subject lacking. The risk and uncertainty aspect typical of business models has not been sufficiently addressed. We draw upon the existing literature and triangulate results with an extensive expert group interview to identify 28 risk and uncertainty factor groups, creating a checklist that can be used as the first step in an integrative business model risk management process for existing and new iterations. With an established process for managing and identifying risk in business models, managers can make more conscious and well-informed decisions.
KEYWORDS: Business model | Business model risk | Business model uncertainty | Risk management
مقاله انگلیسی
97 Patent assertion entities and the courts: Injunctive or fee-based relief?
نهادهای ادعای ثبت اختراع و دادگاه ها: تخفیف غیرعلنی یا مبتنی بر هزینه؟-2020
A 2006 U.S. Supreme Court decision encouraged district courts to rely more on license fees and less on injunctions as a remedy for patent infringement. This paper provides a simple model in which a paten towning patent assertion entity(PAE) ¨ and an infringing firm engage in Nash bargaining over a possible license fee after the PAE initiates an infringement lawsuit. We compare a fee-based regime in which the court imposes a fair value license fee if there is no settlement with a regime in which failure to reach a settlement leads to an injunction that disrupts production. The injunctive regime always involves a settlement but, in a fee-based regime, settlements occur only for patents on drastic innovations (as defined by Arrow, 1962). For small incremental innovations, PAEs prefer the injunctive regime because negotiated license fees are higher. For higher value innovations, license fees are lower in the injunctive regime and PAEs would prefer the fee-based regime, contrary to the presumption that injunctive regimes necessarily favor PAEs
Keywords: License fee bargaining | Patent litigation | Patent trolls | Royalty
مقاله انگلیسی
98 Edge Concierge: Democratizing Cost-Effective and Flexible Network Operations using Network Layer AI at Private Network Edges
Edge Concierge: دموکراتیک کردن عملیات شبکه با هزینه و مقرون به صرفه و انعطاف پذیر با استفاده ازهوش مصنوعی لایه لایه در لبه های شبکه خصوصی-2020
We observe two major revolutionary trends in network operations: democratization of cost-effective and flexible communication means for vertical players, such as public safety, by private mobile networking combined with edge computing, and automatic and autonomic network operations empowered by Artificial Intelligence (AI). Further innovations are required for making private networking readily available for vertical players that are reluctant to acquire expertise in complex network operations. We propose Edge Concierge, of which concept is to democratize cost-effective and flexible network operations using network layer AI at private network edges. Edge Concierge assists smart network operations for private mobile network operators and energy saving by changing working state of AI-empowered anomaly detection applications by network layer AI. We also employ unsupervised machine learning using Hidden Markov Model (HMM) for estimating contexts by solely observing network traffic at mobile edge computing (MEC) middle boxes. In detail, we design a system of real-time and self-learning context estimation by a multi-level probabilistic state transition model trained by unsupervised learning, which is implemented in a commodity PC. In order to evaluate our proposed system, we take public safety context of smart cities as an example use case and show the benefits.
مقاله انگلیسی
99 State governments as financiers of technology startups: Evidence from Michigans R&D loan program
دولت های ایالتی به عنوان سرمایه گذار استارت آپ های فناوری: شواهدی از برنامه وام تحقیق و توسعه میشیگان-2020
State governments in the United States often fund and support technology startups within their borders. Yet little is known about the magnitude with which these place-based policy interventions shift the performance trajec- tories of entrepreneurial firms. We provide new evidence based on 241 startups that compete for advanced research and technology commercialization loans between 2002 and 2008 through a Michigan-based program. Among applicants with project scores near the threshold required for funding, we find that award recipients are 20%–30% more likely to remain in business four years after the competition relative to similar companies that seek but fail to receive funding. We also find that award receipt stimulates follow-on venture capital (VC) investments in surviving companies. The VC stimulus effect is, however, disproportionately driven by subsets of firms that are very young, relatively inexperienced at external fundraising, or located outside the dominant hub of entrepreneurial activity within the state. This distinctive pattern of heterogeneous effects remains visible for follow-on R&D financing from federal government sources, and for supplemental outcome measures that use news articles to track shifts in financing and business development activities. These findings are consistent with the view that public R&D programs are particularly beneficial when frictions in private resource markets are more severe.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship | Innovation policy | R&D subsidies | Startup performance
مقاله انگلیسی
100 Changing the game to compete: Innovations in the fashion retail industry from the disruptive business model
تغییر بازی برای رقابت: نوآوری در صنعت خرده فروشی مد از مدل کسب و کار مخل-2020
Unprecedented competition and emergent technologies have posed a challenge to many traditional retailers in recent years. Yet within this competitive environment, emerging innovative business models have thrived and successfully disrupted the industry. We analyze the nature of disruptive business-model innovations and the ways they disrupt the fashion retail industry. To that end, we examine three disruptors in the industry: born-digital brands, AI-enabled demand forecasting and product design, and collaborative consumption. After introducing the concept of disruptive business-model innovation, we discuss the three disruptors’ effects on the fashion industry. We find that all of these models keenly answer fundamental needs unmet by current business models, such as offering quality products at a competitive price, curated services, and sustainable consumption. At the same time, all three disruptors suggest effective operation models for handling demand uncertainty, inventory management, and timely responses to the market, all of which are inherent issues for current push supply chains and forecast-based, inventory-driven systems. Based on this analysis, we discuss important implications for both academics and industry practitioners.
KEYWORDS: Disruptive innovation | Business model | Inventory management | Demand forecasting | Fashion industry | Online retail
مقاله انگلیسی
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