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نتیجه جستجو - Insanity defence

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 6
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 A narrative review of international legislation regulating fitness to stand trial and criminal responsibility: Is there a perfect system?
مروری بر قوانین بین‌المللی که تناسب محاکمه و مسئولیت کیفری را تنظیم می‌کند: آیا سیستم کاملی وجود دارد؟-2020
Mentally ill offenders have a right to a fair trial and adequate treatment in terms of the law. The diversion of mentally ill offenders between the criminal justice and the mental health care systems is linked to the forensic psychiatric assessment and based on two psycho-legal constructs, fitness to stand trial (FTST) and criminal re- sponsibility (CR). Forensic psychiatric assessment is therefore an important element in criminal law and plays a major role in the court’s decisions regarding the sentence, detention, placement, or treatment of mentally ill offenders. The legislation aims to ensure balancing the rights of mentally ill offenders to psychiatric care and society’s safety. A narrative overview of the literature summarizing the findings on legislation regulating FTST and CR assessment and their practice in different areas of the world was conducted. It offers insight into the advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches and examines the way court proceedings function in these different geographical and psychosocial-legal contexts. This may have policy implications for individual systems and allow countries to consider feasible mechanisms to refine the relevant legislation to improve their practices in forensic psychiatric assessments. Worldwide, relevant legislation is considered as essential in pro- tecting mentally ill offender’s right; it has been established for many years regarding specifying the procedures and responsibilities for the mental health care and criminal justice systems. Despite similarities in the principles of the psycho-legal constructs in different countries, there are differences in the way legislations are imple- mented, often depending on the available resources.
Keywords: Legislation for mentally ill offenders | Fitness to stand trial | Criminal responsibility | Insanity defence | Competency to stand trial
مقاله انگلیسی
2 The insanity defence without mental illness? Some considerations
دفاع جنون بدون بیماری روانی؟ برخی ملاحظات-2020
In this paper we aim to offer a balanced argument to motivate (re)thinking about the mental illness clause within the insanity defence. This is the clause that states that mental illness should have a relevant causal or explanatory role for the presence of the incapacities or limited capacities that are covered by this defence. We offer three main considerations showing the important legal and epistemological roles that the mental illness clause plays in the evaluation of legal responsibility. Although we acknowledge that these advantages could be preserved without having this clause explicitly stated in the law, we resist proposals that deny the importance of mental illness in exculpation. We argue, thus, that any attempt at removing the mental illness clause from legal formulations of the insanity defence should offer alternative ways of keeping in place these advantages.
Keywords: Insanity defence | The mental illness clause | Responsibility | Criminal law | Stigma | Discrimination
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Blaming rape on sleep: A psychoanalytic intervention
سرزنش تجاوز در خواب: یک مداخله روانکاوی-2019
The governance of sleep sex (or sexsomnia) in the criminal law is a nightmare. Press reports of sleeping, often drunk, men acquitted as automatons of raping adults and children suggest cases are rising. The use of automatism, rather than insanity, in these cases is strong evidence of the immemorial struggle faced by legal psychiatry in appropriately construing unconscious defendants. This paper responds by drawing on well-established psychoanalytic conceptions of unconsciousness to present sexsomnia as dispositional to the defendant. Taking the Freudian concepts of eros and death instinct, it asserts that sexsomniacs are acting on repressed sadistic desires. Accordingly, those on notice of their sexsomnia, who fail to mitigate the risk of further attacks, should be guilty of rape. Reliance on (a reformed) insanity defence – being a denial of responsibility at the time of the offence – undermines the scope of the criminal law to self-responsibilise sexsomniacs against perpetrating unwanted sex.
Keywords: Sexsomnia | Rape | Insanity | Automatism | Freud | Repression
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Reliability of repeated forensic evaluations of legal sanity
قابلیت اطمینان ارزیابی های پزشکی قانونی تکرار شده از سلامت عقل قانونی-2016
Criminal responsibility evaluation is a very complex and controversial issue due to the gravity of its conse- quences. Polish legislation allows courts to request multiple sanity evaluations.The purpose of this study was to assess the extent of agreement on sanity evaluations in written evidence pro- vided by experts of criminal cases in Poland.A total of 381 forensic evaluation reports addressing 117 criminal defendants were analysed. In sixty eight cases, there was more than one forensic evaluation report containing an assessment of legal sanity, including forty one cases containing two assessments of criminal responsibility, seventeen containing three assessments, eight con- taining four assessments and two containing five assessments.We found that in 47% of the cases containing more than one sanity assessment, the initial criminal responsibilityassessment was changed after a subsequent forensic evaluation.The agreement between repeated criminal responsibility evaluations was found to be fair.This study found a strong correlation between the number of forensic reports and the number of contradictory sanity assessments.There were fewer forensic opinions involved in the cases in which the same conclusion regarding criminal re- sponsibility was reached in subsequent forensic evaluation reports compared to the cases in which more forensic opinions were involved.There is a clear need for further research in this area, and it is necessary to standardise criminal responsibility evaluations in order to improve their reliability and to shorten the legal proceedings.© 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Keywords: Forensic evaluation | Sanity | Criminal responsibility | Insanity defence | Reliability
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Unpacking insanity defence standards: An experimental study of rationality and control tests in criminal law
باز کردن بسته بندی استانداردهای دفاع جنون: یک مطالعه تجربی از آزمایش عقلانیت و کنترل در قوانین کیفری-2016
The present study investigated the impact of different legal standards on mock juror decisions concerning whether a defendant was guilty or not guilty by reason of insanity. Undergraduate students (N = 477) read a simulated case summary involving a murder case and were asked to make an insanity determination. The cases differed in terms of the condition of the defendant (rationality deficit or control deficit) and the legal standard given to the jurors to make the determination (Model Penal Code, McNaughten or McNaughten plus a separate control determination). The effects of these variables on the insanity determination were investigated. Jurors also completed questionnaires measuring individualism and hierarchy attitudes and perceptions of facts in the case. Results indicate that under current insanity standards jurors do not distinguish between defendants with rationality deficits and defendants with control deficits regardless of whether the legal standard requires them to do so. Even defendants who lacked control were found guilty at equal rates under a legal standard excusing rationality deficits only and a legal standard excluding control and rationality deficits. This was improved by adding a control test as a partial defence, to be determined after a rationality determination. Implications for the insanity defence in the Criminal Justice System are discussed.
Keywords:Insanity | Control disorders | Law and mental health | Juror decision-making | Legal standards
مقاله انگلیسی
6 چه كسي به توانايي نياز دارد؟
سال انتشار: 2015 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 5 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 19
مقاله مربوط به مبحث كمسيون قانوني بريتانيا، با عنوان مسئوليت جزايي: جنون و ديوانگي و حركات غير ارادي مفهوم استعداد و توانايي را براي دفاع از جنون و ديوانگي، مطرح كرده است. اين مفهوم از نقش تثبيت شده اي در آن قسمت از قانون كه اعتبار تصميمات اتخاذ شده توسط مردم را مورد ملاحظه قرار مي دهد، برخوردار مي باشد كه از آن جمله تصميمات مي توان به توافق در قرارداد اشاره كرد برخورداري از ظرفيت و توانايي روحي و رواني معياري براي مسئوليت جزايي، محسوب مي شود كه خود مسئله برانگيز است. نخست آنكه، واژه ظرفيت و توانايي از معاني مختلفي در نشريات به فلسفه حقوقي نابهنجاري روحي و رواني، برخوردار است. ثانياً اينكه استفاده از اين مفهوم به روشي صورت مي گيرد كه كمسيون قانوني، دشواريهاي مربوط به تمهيد گواهي و شهادت توسط شاهد خبره را مطرح مي نمايد.
واژه های کلیدی: ظرفیت | انتخاب | بهانه | مسئولیت
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