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1 |
Why is personality tied to sleep quality? A biometric analysis of twins
چرا شخصیت با کیفیت خواب ارتباط دارد؟ تجزیه و تحلیل بیومتریک دوقلوها-2021 Despite consistent links between personality traits and poor sleep, little is known about genetic and environmental influences that may produce them. This study examined how much genetic background and environmental experiences contributed to phenotypic linkages between personality and subjective sleep quality. Seven hundred and thirty-four twin pairs from the Minnesota Study of Twin Aging and Development rated their sleep quality and provided personality reports. Bi-variate analyses revealed that genetic factors accounted for the majority of observed associations between subjective sleep quality and traits, but also that non-shared environmental experience played a role that varied across traits. The findings strongly implicate genotype in tying subjective sleep quality to personality variation, alongside non- shared environmental influences, and suggest indicate influences unique to individual traits.© 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Sleep | Personality | Insomnia | Genetic | Development |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Eyes wide open: A systematic review of the association between insomnia and aggression in forensic contexts
چشمان کاملا باز: بررسی سیستماتیک ارتباط بین بی خوابی و پرخاشگری در زمینه های پزشکی قانونی-2020 Sleep quality has been highlighted as a significant predictor of violent behavior through lifespan and across pathologies and a causal link has also been suggested. Despite the high prevalence of insomnia and its potential impact as a modifiable risk factor for aggressive behavior, a comprehensive synthesis of the literature is lacking. We aimed to systematically review the published works exploring the role of sleep in aggressive behaviors, especially focusing on forensic contexts. We performed a systematic review searching the electronic databases PubMed and Scopus through December 2020 and selected articles that compared sleep of offenders and controls and articles that studied the association between sleep and aggression. Ten articles were selected: 2 compared sleep in offenders and controls and 8 studied the association between sleep and aggression. Offenders showed worse sleep features than control both objectively and subjectively measured. Sleep quality was associated with aggression, but sleep quantity was less studied. Sleep seems to have a prominent role in aggressive behaviors but studies concerning this topic are few; samples and methods were highly heterogeneous and most studies were cross-sectional. Future studies are needed to clarify the association between sleep disturbances and aggression, adopting a more systematized approach. Sleep assessment and treatment and might be particularly useful, especially in high-risk populations.
Keywords: Aggression | Sleep | Offenders | Forensic |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Revisiting the value of polysomnographic data in insomnia: more than meets the eye
بازنگری ارزش داده سندرم آپنه در بی خوابی: بیش از ملاقات چشم-2020 Background: Polysomnography (PSG) is not recommended as a diagnostic tool in insomnia. However,
this consensual approach might be tempered in the light of two ongoing transformations in sleep
research: big data and artificial intelligence (AI).
Method: We analyzed the PSG of 347 patients with chronic insomnia, including 59 with Sleep State
Misperception (SSM) and 288 without (INS). 89 good sleepers (GS) were used as controls. PSGs were
compared regarding: (1) macroscopic indexes derived from the hypnogram, (2) mesoscopic indexes
extracted from the electroencephalographic (EEG) spectrum, (3) sleep microstructure (slow waves,
spindles). We used supervised algorithms to differentiate patients from GS.
Results: Macroscopic features illustrate the insomnia conundrum, with SSM patients displaying similar
sleep metrics as GS, whereas INS patients show a deteriorated sleep. However, both SSM and INS patients
showed marked differences in EEG spectral components (meso) compared to GS, with reduced power in
the delta band and increased power in the theta/alpha, sigma and beta bands. INS and SSM patients
showed decreased spectral slope in NREM. INS and SSM patients also differed from GS in sleep microstructure
with fewer and slower slow waves and more and faster sleep spindles. Importantly, SSM and
INS patients were almost indistinguishable at the meso and micro levels. Accordingly, unsupervised
classifiers can reliably categorize insomnia patients and GS (Cohens k ¼ 0.87) but fail to tease apart SSM
and INS patients when restricting classifiers to micro and meso features (k¼0.004).
Conclusion: AI analyses of PSG recordings can help moving insomnia diagnosis beyond subjective
complaints and shed light on the physiological substrate of insomnia. Keywords: Artificial intelligence | Machine learning | Insomnia | Polysomnography | REM | NREM sleep |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Psychotropic medication profile in a community youth mental health service in Australia
نقش داروهای روان گردان در سلامت روانی جوانان جامعه در استرالیا-2018 Aim
There has been a rise in the use of psychotropic medication in young people, despite limited risk-benefit profile of psychotropic medication for this population. Given their side effect profile, the use of psychotropic medications should occur with caution. This study investigated psychotropic prescribing pattern in a public youth community mental health service and gives an estimate of general level of psychotropic medication use in this setting.
Methods
A retrospective file review was undertaken of all young people aged 12–17 who received care from the service in 2016 (N = 189) for a range of mental health problems, excluding psychosis. Files were reviewed for demographical information (age, gender), diagnosis/presenting issues, prescribed medications, indications of medications, and prescriber type (e.g. psychiatrist, general practitioners (GPs), paediatrician). The data was analysed descriptively.
Results
Over 60% (60.8%, n = 115) of young people were prescribed psychotropic medications. Over half of the entire sample were on antidepressants (51.32%, n = 97), nearly a quarter (n = 46, 24%) on antipsychotics, 6% on ADHD medications (6.35%, n = 12), and a fifth (19.58%, n = 37) on polypharmacy. Antidepressants and antipsychotics were mostly used off-label, prescribed by public psychiatric staff. Quetiapine was the most prescribed antipsychotic predominantly for insomnia. Fluoxetine and fluvoxamine were the most prescribed antidepressants predominantly for anxiety disorders. Girls are more likely to be prescribed psychotropic medications than boys, specifically antipsychotic medication.
Conclusions
A high proportion of young people were prescribed psychotropic medication, including antipsychotic medication, mostly for the treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders. There is little evidence around how psychotropic medication is used in youth mental health settings, and this study contributes to this gap.
keywords: Psychotropic medication |Adolescent mental health |Prescribing patterns |Antidepressants |Antipsychotics |
مقاله انگلیسی |