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Comparative sustainability assessments for integrated cassava starch wastes biorefineries
ارزیابی پایداری تطبیقی برای مواد زائد نشاسته گیاه کاساوا-2020 Sustainable development in cassava starch industries is hampered by high cost and environmental
burdens associated with the business-as-usual (BAU) waste management strategies. In BAU, starch
wastewater & bagasse wastes are anaerobically digested to produce biogas for starch drying with the
digestate getting disposed into watercourses while the cassava stalks are burnt. Converting the wastes
into high-value bio-products in an integrated cassava wastes biorefinery (CWB) could enhance the
economic exploitation while reducing the environmental burdens of the wastes. Five simulated CWBs
and the BAUhave been assessed and compared using simulations in SimaPro and a percentage sustainability index (PSI) estimation tool to identify product integration schemes that support the development of sustainable CWBs. The CWB scenarios included (I) combined heat & power, with (II) hexosebioethanol, (III) pentose & hexose-bioethanol, (IV) pentose-bioethanol þ glucose syrup, and (V) pentosebioethanol þ succinic acid. The environmental impacts generally increased with the number of product
integrations within the biorefinery gate boundaries. However, accounting for avoided emissions from the
corresponding fossil-products, the CWBs show higher emission savings than the BAU. The PSIs for the
CWBs show that scenarios (I)-(II) favour the economic dimension over the environment dimension and
vice versa for scenarios (III)-(V) and the BAU. Based on the substantial net power (~148e363 kW h/1 t
feedstock) and fossil emission reduction potentials, implementation of green power tariffs could enhance
the economic dimension for near-term applications of the CWBs. Thus, the CWBs should be explored for
their potential to enhance sustainable industrial developments in cassava starch industries. Keywords: Bioethanol | Environmental impacts | Integrated biorefineries | Integrated cassava starch wastes | Life cycle sustainability assessments | Succinic acid |
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