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نتیجه جستجو - Inventory

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 194
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 یک مدل ریاضی چند منظوره برای زنجیره تامین داروسازی با توجه به تراکم دارو در کارخانه‌ها
سال انتشار: 2022 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 15 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 47
مدیریت زنجیره تامین ( SCM ) , به روش یکی از مسائل مهم در جنبه مدیریتی , نقش مهمی در مقابله با مسایل انسانی و مشکلات ایفا می‌کند . به دلیل برخی محدودیت‌ها ( به عنوان مثال , ظرفیت تولید و ظرفیت ذخیره‌سازی ) و خواسته ها( به عنوان مثال , کاهش هزینه و افزایش درآمد ) , مدیران زنجیره تامین همیشه به دنبال بهترین پاسخ به مقدار و نوع ارتباط بین سطوح مختلف SCM هستند . در تحقیقات آتی , یک زنجیره تامین دارو ( PSC ) با سه تابع هدف توسعه‌یافته , با هدف به حداقل رساندن هزینه‌های کلی , خواسته‌های برآورده نشده , و کاهش زمان انتظار در ورودی کارخانه . در تحقیقات آتی , موضوع کلی و تحقیقات در مدل‌سازی PSC و حل مساله مورد بحث قرار گرفته‌اند . سپس یک مدل برنامه‌ریزی غیرخطی با تحقیقات قبلی برای حل کاستی‌های موجود پیشنهاد شده‌است.
همچنین روش‌های تصمیم‌گیری چند هدفه برای انطباق با اهداف متناقض مدل به طور همزمان استفاده می‌شوند . سپس نرم‌افزار تجاری GAMS برای حل مشکل اندازه‌های مختلف به کار می‌رود . در نهایت ، تحلیل حساسیت گسترده و ارزیابی نتایج مورد بحث قرار می‌گیرد و پیشنهادهای توسعه آتی ارایه می‌شوند.
واژه های کاربردی : زنجیره تامین دارو | فسادپذیری | زمان‌بندی | فهرست | نظریه کیوینگ
مقاله ترجمه شده
2 Inventory model for sustainable operations of a closed-loop supply chain: Role of a third-party refurbisher
مدل موجودی برای عملیات پایدار یک زنجیره تأمین حلقه بسته: نقش یک مرمت کننده شخص ثالث-2021
Journal Pre-proof This paper investigates the joint decision on inventory and refurbishing strategies in a closed-loop supply chain, consisting of a manufacturer responsible for the production and first-market sales and a third-party refurbisher responsible for the refurbishment and second market. Based on a game-theoretic model, we investigate the effects of supply chain structures on the production operations, sales price of a refurbished product, profits and environmental performance. Through numerical analyses, we reveal that the integrated system yields higher first-market sales and a larger production lot size, while the decentralized one shows higher second-market sales and a larger refurbishing lot. Interestingly, the integrated system sets the higher price for the refurbished item due to channel conflict issues. Efforts to increase the second-market sales can harm the over- all supply chain profit by leading to the decrease in the higher-margin first-market sales. We also show that the difference in pricing decisions and inventory holding cost components allows a better operational performance of the third-party refurbishers process in the decentralized system. Then, it leads to the better environmental performance in the decentralized system, enhancing the refurbishing rate and sales of refurbished items while reducing scrap costs. By investigating the overall performance of integrated and decentralized supply chains, we offer important implications to practicing supply chain managers by revealing how the third-party refurbisher can help the sustainable operations of a closed-loop supply chain. We also contribute to the body of knowledge by incorporating pricing and lot sizing issues into the context of closed-loop supply chain management.
Keywords: inventory | closed-loop supply chain | sales return | refurbishment
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Multi-objective optimization modelling of sustainable green supply chain in inventory and production management
مدلسازی چند هدفه بهینه سازی زنجیره تأمین سبز پایدار در مدیریت موجودی و تولید-2021
The ever increasing pressure to conserve the environment from global warming cannot be overemphasized. Emission from the inventory and production process contributes immensely to global warming and hence, the need to device a sustainable green inventory by the operational managers. In this paper, a multi-item multi-objective inventory model with back-ordered quantity incorporating green investment in order to save the environment is proposed. The model is formulated as a multi-objective fractional programming problem with four objectives: maximizing profit ratio to total back-ordered quantity, minimizing the holding cost in the system, minimizing total waste produced by the inventory system per cycle and minimizing the total penalty cost due to green investment. The constraints are included with budget limitation, space restrictions, a constraint on cost of ordering each item, environmental waste disposal restriction, cost of pollution control, electricity consumption cost during production and cost of greenhouse gas emission in the production process. The model effectiveness is illustrated numerically, and the solution obtained to give a useful suggestion to the decision-markers in the manufacturing sectors.
KEYWORDS: Multi-objective fractional programming | Fuzzy goal programming | Sustainable green supply chain | Inventory and production management
مقاله انگلیسی
4 شیوع، همبستگی‌های اجتماعی-جمعیتی و دانشگاهی اختلال وسواسی جبری در دانشجویان دانشکده علوم پزشکی کاربردی دانشگاه ام القرا
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 6 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 21
مقدمه: مطالعاتی که شیوع وسواس جبری را در منطقه عربستان سعودی نشان می‌دهد بسیار اندک است و بیشتر در نمونه جمعیتی دانشجویان پزشکی و پیراپزشکی وجود دارد. هدف از این مطالعه برآورد شیوع علائم وسواس اجباری در یک نمونه جامعه دانشجویان علوم پزشکی کاربردی بود. علاوه بر این، ارتباط بین علائم وسواسی جبری و متغیرهای اجتماعی-جمعیتی و چندین جنبه از زندگی دانشگاهی بررسی شد.
روشها: در این مطالعه مقطعی 404 دانشجوی دانشگاه متعلق به چهار بخش به کار گرفته شدند. ابزارهایی که در این مطالعه استفاده شد، شامل معیارهای ارزیابی وسواس جبری (OCI - R) ، DSM - IV برای تشخیص مقیاس درجه بندی شدت OCD و Y - BOCS بود. نتیجه اصلی اختلال وسواس جبری احتمالی است (امتیاز OCI - R> 21). دانشجویان با نمره بیشتر از 21 بیشتر از نظر وجود اختلال وسواس جبری با استفاده از معیارهای DSM - IV و Y - BOCS ارزیابی شدند.
یافته ها: شیوع OCS با ابزار غربالگری OCI-R 20% بود [95% CI(19.902-20.098)]. شیوع واقعی OCD تأیید شده 5.06٪ بود [95% CI(4.39-6.12)]. وجود OCD احتمالی در دانشجویان گروه آزمایشگاه پزشکی بسیار زیاد بود [002/0 = p و95% CI(31.3-3.33) [. ارتباط مهمی بین حضور OCS و عدم رضایت از انتخاب دوره [001/0 = p ، 95٪ CI (1.38 - 3.92)] ، احساس طرد شدن [0.004 = p ، 95٪ CI (1.39 - 5.88]) و علائم افسردگی [0001/0 = p و CI (8/1 - 89/1)] وجود داشت. نمونه ما به زنان در سن دانشگاه محدود بود، بنابراین تفسیر شیوع قابل تعمیم نیست.
نتیجه گیری: وجود چنین اختلالی احتمالاً بر عملکرد تحصیلی ، کیفیت زندگی و روابط بین فردی تأثیر می گذارد ، شناسایی و درمان در زمان مناسب به بهبود عملکرد تحصیلی و کیفیت زندگی کمک می کند.
کلمات کلیدی: وسواس جبری | علائم وسواسی جبری | دانشجویان پزشکی و پیراپزشکی | اختلال روانی
مقاله ترجمه شده
5 Prediction of forest parameters and carbon accounting under different fire regimes in Miombo woodlands, Niassa Special Reserve, Northern Mozambique
پیش بینی پارامترهای جنگلی و حسابداری کربن تحت رژیم های مختلف آتش سوزی در جنگل های میومبو، رزرو ویژه NIASSA، شمال موزامبیک-2021
Miombo woodlands are the most extensive dry forest type in southern Africa, covering ca. 1.9 million km2 across seven countries. Fire is a key ecosystem process that has structured miombo for the last 200,000 years. However, how fires affect the ecosystems functioning is not well understood. In this study, we used the individual-based forest model called FORMIND to analyze the carbon balance in the miombo woodlands of Niassa Special Reserve (NSR), northern Mozambique. The 42.000 km2 NSR represents the most important conservation area in Mozambique (~31% of the total conservation area in the country) and of miombo woodlands worldwide. Longterm inventory data from 2004 to 2019 for NSR were used to calibrate FORMIND. The primary ecosystem processes of this model are tree growth, mortality, regeneration, and competition. Fire is set as one of the main factors that affect these processes, after the woodland reaches an equilibrium at 200 years of age. We also calculated the Net Present Value (NPV) of carbon credits resulting from altering the fire regime (e.g., reducing or eliminating fires). The FORMIND model successfully reproduced important characteristics of the woodlands (aboveground biomass, stem size distribution and basal area). NPV estimates of above-ground woody biomass carbon stocks were highly dependent on the woodland age. The maximum NPV estimates were generated for a 30-year project starting with 200 year old woodlands (the current forest age) at 192–1339 USD based on a realistic range of carbon values (i.e., 3–20 USD MgCO2e− 1). While fire plays an important role in miombo woodlands by reducing stock and changing species composition, its effects on the capacity of the woodland to mitigate the effects of climate change varies depending on the age of stands. Our results show that FORMIND model reliably reproduce the field inventory data, thus can be used to improve carbon accounting standards. We recommend the development of a fire management system to sustain the miombo woodlands of NSR for multiple reasons. NSR is a globally significant protected area, but perhaps more importantly it could become a regional example for how to improve miombo woodland management. Given that miombo woodlands provide a myriad of ecosystem services to rural Africans, investing in improving fire management could increase the benefits to local communities. Altering fire regimes could improve habitat quality and promote greater resilience to climate change while sequestering carbon. In addition, local employment opportunities in fire management could be created via carbon financing from a carbon project. However, much more outreach and education will be needed to local and national stakeholders for fire management to be perceived more positively and realize the potential to generate multiple benefits for nature and people.
keywords: مدل GAP Formind | دینامیک اکوسیستم | حسابداری کربن | مدیریت آتش نشانی | خط مشی آتش | FORMIND gap model | Ecosystem dynamics | Carbon accounting | Fire management | Fire policy
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Utilizing LiDAR data to map tree canopy for urban ecosystem extent and condition accounts in Oslo
با استفاده از داده های LIDAR به نقشه سایبان درخت برای اکوسیستم های شهری و حساب های وضعیت در اسلو-2021
LiDAR-based segmentation of urban tree canopies and their physical properties (canopy height, canopy diameter, 3D surface and volume) is a replicable, complementary and useful information source for urban ecosystem condition accounts, and an important basis for ecosystem service modeling and valuation. However, using available LiDAR data collected for municipal purposes other than vegetation mapping (such as for example engineering) entails a level of accuracy which may limit the usefulness of the data for change detection in ecosystem accounts. To account for changes in the urban tree canopy of Oslo (capital city of Norway) between 2011 and 2017, a segmentation model was developed based on available airborne LiDAR data scanned for general purposes. The results from the entire built-up area of Oslo indicate a general increase in the number of tall trees (>15 m) and a moderate increase in the number of small trees (<15 m), with the exception of trees between 6 and 10 m which seem to have a relatively constant development over the given period. The total tree canopy area within the built-up area increased by 17.15%, with a corresponding 21.35% increase in the tree canopy volume. The results for the Small House plan area, a policy focus area subject to urban densification and special regulations for felling of large trees, indicate a large increase in small trees (<10 m) and a moderate decrease in tall trees (>10 m). The total tree canopy area within the Small House plan area decreased by 1.04%, with a corresponding 2.13% decrease in the tree canopy volume. With respect to the segmentation accuracy, the changes in aggregate tree canopy cover are too small to determine canopy change with confidence. This study demonstrates the potential for identifying ecosystem condition indicators as well as the limitations of using general purpose LiDAR data to improve the precision of urban ecosystem accounting. For future ecosystem service accounting in urban environments, we recommend that municipalities implement data acquisition programs that combine concurrent field data sampling and LiDAR campaigns designed for urban tree canopy detection, as part of general urban structural inventorying. We recommend using LiDAR and satellite remote sensing data depending on canopy densities. We also recommend that future tree canopy segmentation is done within a cloud-computing environment to ensure sufficient geoprocessing capacity.
keywords: تشخیص نور و محدوده (LIDAR) | سیستم های اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) | سنجش از راه دور | حسابداری اکوسیستم | خدمات محیط زیستی | تقسیم بندی سایبان درخت | Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) | Geographical Information Systems (GIS) | Remote sensing | Ecosystem accounting | Ecosystem services | Tree canopy segmentation
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Sustainable supply chain management for perishable products in emerging markets: An integrated location-inventory-routing model
مدیریت پایدار زنجیره تأمین برای محصولات فاسدشدنی در بازارهای نوظهور: یک مدل مسیریابی-موجودی-مکانیابی یکپارچه-2021
The demand for perishable products in emerging markets has been increasing. However, the perishability of products brings tremendous challenges for firms to build a sustainable supply chain. In this paper, we propose an integrated model of location-inventory-routing for perishable products, considering the factors of carbon emissions and product freshness. First, the economic cost, carbon emission levels, and freshness of the perishable products are analyzed. Second, with the goals of achieving the lowest economic cost and carbon emissions and the highest product freshness, a multi-objective planning model is developed, and constraints are established based on the actual location-inventory-routing situation. Third, the YALMIP toolbox is used to solve the model, and the optimal solution to this complex multi-objective problem is obtained. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are verified by the case study, as well as the sensitivity vehicle speed to the results. It is found that the integrated model proposed in this paper is able to significantly improve the efficiency of perishable goods supply chain management from the perspective of global optimization, and vehicle speed is able to significantly affect economic costs and carbon emissions.
Keywords: Emerging market | Sustainable operations | Perishable product supply chain | Location-inventory-routing integration | Carbon emissions
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Plasma prolactin is higher in major depressive disorder and females, and associated with anxiety, hostility, somatization, psychotic symptoms and heart rate
پرولاکتین پلاسما در اختلال افسردگی اساسی و زنان بالاتر است، و در ارتباط با اضطراب، خصومت، شکایت جسمانی، علائم روان پریشی و ضربان قلب-2021
Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is linked to poor physical health including an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic disease (CMD), yet the underlying physiology of this relationship is not clear. One pathophysiological mechanism that may underlie this relationship is neuroendocrine dysregulation, including that of the hormone prolactin. Prolactin has a role in the regulation of stress, and it is linked to anxiety, hostility, and weight gain, which are all implicated in MDD and increased CMD risk. However, little research has examined plasma prolactin in association with psychological symptoms of MDD or biometric indices of CMD risk.
Method: Plasma samples of 120 participants (n ¼ 60 meeting DSM-5 criteria for MDD and n ¼ 60 control; age and sex matched) were analysed to assess prolactin concentration. Biometric data (BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure and heart rate) were collected, and participants completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS).
Results: Plasma prolactin was higher in participants with MDD versus controls (8.79 T 5.16 ng/mL and 7.03 T4.78 ng/mL, respectively; F ¼ 4.528, p ¼ 0.035) and among females versus males (9.14 T 5.57 ng/mL and 6.31 T3.70 ng/mL, respectively; F ¼ 9.157, p ¼ 0.003). Prolactin was correlated with several psychological symptoms including anxiety, hostility and somatization, and with heart rate, but not with any other biometric measures.
Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that neuroendocrine dysregulation in MDD may extend to the hormone prolactin, with prolactin being specifically associated with a subset of related psychometric and car- diovascular measures.
Keywords: Major depressive disorder | Cardiometabolic disease | Prolactin | Anxiety | Hostility
مقاله انگلیسی
9 The optimal recovery-fund based strategy for uncertain supply chain disruptions: A risk-averse two-stage stochastic programming approach
استراتژی مبتنی بر صندوق بازیابی بهینه برای اختلالات نامشخص زنجیره تأمین: رویکرد برنامه ریزی تصادفی دو مرحله ای ریسک پذیر-2021
For a supply chain subject to uncertain production disruptions, the joint optimization of invest- ment intervention on recovery speed and duration of disrupted production capacity and location and inventory management has not been well studied. In this paper, a novel recovery strategy is introduced and studied, which uses investment to adjust the recovery speed and duration of production capacity, and two recovery behaviors responding to different types of disruptions are modeled. Considering uncertain disruption scenarios and their ripple effects over the supply chain, a risk-averse two-stage stochastic programming model (RTSPM) is established to study the integrated supply chain management of selection of distribution centers, multi-period inventory, transportation flows, and recovery-fund based mitigation policy. The RTSPM incorporates the risk preference of managers in decision making. We propose a trust-region-based decomposition method to solve the RTSPM and demonstrate its efficiency by benchmarking on state-of-the-art commercial solvers. Through numerical examples, we deeply analyze the effectiveness of RTSPM and the relations of optimal recovery investment decisions with the uncertain disruption factors. Finally, we provide implications and suggestions induced from the models and findings to aid the decisions on renting of distribution centers and the emergency investment and operational decisions when suffering the disruptions.
Keywords: Supply chain disruption management | Recovery-fund based mitigation strategy | Location-inventory-transportation model | Risk-averse two-stage stochastic programming | Trust-region-based decomposition method
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Inventory management in blood supply chain considering fuzzy supply/demand uncertainties and lateral transshipment
مدیریت موجودی در زنجیره تأمین خون با توجه به عدم قطعیت عرضه / تقاضای فازی و حمل و نقل جانبی-2021
Supply and demand uncertainties combined with very short lifetime of blood platelets has led to significant wastage of the total blood collected from the donors. Conversely, great shortage of platelets may be obtained due to the limited number of donors and emergency demands. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to develop appropriate inventory management model to simultaneously minimize both shortage and wastage along the blood supply chain. To achieve this purpose, this paper presents an Inventory Management model for Age- differentiated platelets under supply/demand Uncertainties (IMAU) for Blood Supply Chains with Lateral Transshipment (BSCLT), resulting a new model named IMAU-BSCLT. The proposed model is solved using whale optimization algorithm considering the costs of ordering from blood centers and lateral transshipment, transportation, inventory holding, shortage, and wastage. In order to validate the proposed methodology, a case study of blood supply chain is used to show the usability of the proposed model and claim its benefits over existing models. Simulation results demonstrate that lateral transshipment between different demand nodes has a major impact on load balancing leads to simultaneously reduce both shortage and wastage costs. According to the obtained results, shortage rate (total shortage per total demands) and wastage rate (total wastage per total supply) of the proposed method are 3.4 % and 4.8 %, respectively.
Keywords: Blood supply chain | Inventory management | Blood platelet | Lateral transshipment | Fuzzy uncertainty
مقاله انگلیسی
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