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نتیجه جستجو - Knowledge

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 2041
ردیف عنوان نوع
21 Curriculum-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning for Quantum Control
یادگیری تقویتی عمیق مبتنی بر برنامه درسی برای کنترل کوانتومی-2022
Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been recognized as an efficient technique to design optimal strategies for different complex systems without prior knowledge of the control landscape. To achieve a fast and precise control for quantum systems, we propose a novel DRL approach by constructing a curriculum consisting of a set of intermediate tasks defined by fidelity thresholds, where the tasks among a curriculum can be statically determined before the learning process or dynamically generated during the learning process. By transferring knowledge between two successive tasks and sequencing tasks according to their difficulties, the proposed curriculum-based DRL (CDRL) method enables the agent to focus on easy tasks in the early stage, then move onto difficult tasks, and eventually approaches the final task. Numerical comparison with the traditional methods [gradient method (GD), genetic algorithm (GA), and several other DRL methods] demonstrates that CDRL exhibits improved control performance for quantum systems and also provides an efficient way to identify optimal strategies with few control pulses.
Index Terms: Curriculum learning | deep reinforcement learning (DRL) | quantum control.
مقاله انگلیسی
22 Pain management for infants – Myths, misconceptions, barriers; knowledge and knowledge gaps
مدیریت درد برای نوزادان - افسانه ها، باورهای غلط، موانع؛ دانش و شکاف دانش-2021
Twelve years ago, the paper ‘Oral sucrose for pain management in infants: Myths and misconceptions’ was published in the Journal of Neonatal Nursing. At this time, eight myths or misconceptions were addressed. Since this time there has been more than 100 studies published reporting on analgesic effects of sweet solutions in newborns, which have been synthesised and included in systematic reviews. There has also been a growth of literature to support analgesic effects of breastfeeding and skin-to-skin care as well as concerning evidence of adverse long-term neurobehavioural outcomes associated with painful procedures. Yet, ongoing studies of pain management practices continue to report inconsistent use of these strategies during painful procedures. We are therefore at a cross-roads of evidence – there is knowledge of effective treatments, knowledge of harm of untreated pain, yet sick, premature as well as healthy infants are continuing to be exposed to painful procedures with no effective treatment. There are however ongoing myths, misconceptions, and practical barriers to using the evidence as well as ongoing knowledge gaps. This paper will therefore highlight existing myths, misconceptions, barriers and current knowledge gaps to using the three key evidence-based pain management strategies of breastfeeding, skin-to-skin care and sweet solutions, in the hope that this will bring to light newborn infant pain treatment practices that can be improved.
keywords: پرستاری | نوزاد تازه | درد | درمان درد | شیر دادن | ساکاروز | پوست به پوست | نوزاد | ترجمه دانش | پژوهش | Nursing | Newborn | Pain | Pain treatment | Breastfeeding | Sucrose | Skin-to-skin | Neonate | Knowledge translation | Research
مقاله انگلیسی
23 Nurses perspectives on pain management practices during newborn blood sampling in China
دیدگاه های پرستاران در مورد شیوه های مدیریت درد در طی نمونه گیری خون نوزادان در چین-2021
Introduction: Nurses’ use of evidence-based pain treatments for newborns during needle-related procedures in China was unknown. This study aimed to ascertain knowledge and use of pain management strategies and usefulness of a publicly accessible ’BSweet2Babies’ video, produced in Mandarin, demonstrating the use of breastfeeding, skin-to-skin care (SSC), and sweet solutions during painful procedures. Methods: An online survey was conducted during six nursing conferences in China ascertaining nurses’ previous viewing of the video and knowledge and use of the demonstrated strategies. Results: 221 nurses participated. Only 25 (11.3%) had previously seen the video. Over half knew that breast- feeding (n = 138, 62.4%) and SSC (n = 173, 78.3%) reduced pain, and 89 (40.3%) knew that sucrose reduced pain, but these strategies were infrequently used. Most intended to use the strategies in the future. Discussion: A knowledge-to-action gap for newborn pain management was identified. Future research is needed to improve the implementation of effective pain treatment for newborns.
keywords: نوزاد | درد رویه ای | مدیریت درد | تمرین مبتنی بر شواهد | نظر سنجی | Neonate | Procedural pain | Pain management | Evidence-based practice | Survey
مقاله انگلیسی
24 Evaluation of six commercial SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests in nasopharyngeal swabs: Better knowledge for better patient management?
ارزیابی شش تست آنتی ژن سریع SARS-COV-2 در سواب های نازوفارنکس: دانش بهتر برای مدیریت بهتر بیمار؟-2021
Robust antigen point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 tests have been proposed as an efficient tool to address the COVID-19 pandemic. This requirement was raised after acknowledging the constraints that are brought by molecular biology. However, worldwide markets have been flooded with cheap and potentially underperforming lateral flow assays. Herein we retrospectively compared the overall performance of five qualitative rapid antigen SARS- CoV-2 assays and one quantitative automated test on 239 clinical swabs. While the overall sensitivity and specificity are relatively similar for all tests, concordance with molecular based methods varies, ranging from 75,7% to 83,3% among evaluated tests. Sensitivity is greatly improved when considering patients with higher viral excretion (Ct≤33), proving that antigen tests accurately distinguish infectious patients from viral shedding. These results should be taken into consideration by clinicians involved in patient triage and management, as well as by national authorities in public health strategies and for mass campaign approaches.
keywords: SARS-DONE-2 | تست های آنتی ژن سریع | rt-pcr | کووید -19 | SARS-CoV-2 | Rapid antigen tests | RT-PCR | COVID-19
مقاله انگلیسی
25 The politics behind scientific knowledge: Sustainable forest management in Latin America
سیاست پشت دانش علمی: مدیریت جنگل پایدار در آمریکای لاتین-2021
Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) seeks to achieve an equilibrium in the economic, social and environ- mental value of all types of forests. This practice contrasts with the conventional view of managing forests, in which the focus is productivity. Thus, discussions about conventional forest management versus sustainable forest management play a central role in the political and scientific agendas. However, knowledge production and its direction can be biased by different contextual factors such as the way funding is assigned by each country, institutional priorities, and constraints on international cooperation. With this paper, we aim to analyze the contribution of scientific knowledge produced in Latin America within the sustainable forest management research landscape by applying a literature review method (Scopus database for 2015–2018 period). Our results show a similar contribution of national and foreign funds and institutions supporting scientific knowledge about SFM in Latin America. Foreign funding comes mainly from United States of America, and Europe. Latin American authors lead high proportion of scientific articles, and authorship gender was more equitable between male and female researchers. The studies were mostly focused on conservation combined with productivity goals, as well as pure conservation goals, although social studies and restoration goals were also present. Our findings highlight a significant contribution to the paradigm shift in half of the scientific articles. Some studies provided recom- mendations (specific or general) derived from their results, but we did not detected a clear relationship with funding origin. Moreover, we found that the high contribution to the paradigm shift (studies supporting SFM instead of traditional management) came from institutions based in Latin America. This article aims to contribute to discussions related to scientific funding in Latin America, the North-South scientific relations, and the future of forest in times of climate change.
keywords: سیاست های جنگلداری | همکاری بین المللی | بررسی ادبیات | منابع طبیعی | تحقیق و توسعه | بودجه پژوهشی | Forestry policies | International cooperation | Literature review | Natural resources | Research and development | Research funding
مقاله انگلیسی
26 Effect of a theory-driven educational intervention on the level of knowledge, attitudes, and assessment practices regarding breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP) management among medical nurses in Hong Kong
تأثیر مداخله آموزشی مبتنی بر تئوری بر سطح دانش، نگرش ها و شیوه های ارزیابی در مورد مدیریت سرطان پیشرفته (BTCP) در پرستاران پزشکی در هنگ کنگ-2021
Purpose: To examine the effect of an educational intervention intended to improve medical nurses’ adherence to breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP) assessment practices and their level of knowledge, attitudes and perceived assessment practices regarding BTCP management. Methods: Nurses working in a regional hospital were recruited to this quasi-experimental study. The intervention group received a 3-h educational workshop and one session of individual clinical instruction, whilst the control group did not receive any intervention. Chart audits were performed to examine adherence to BTCP assessment practices as the primary outcome. A self-developed questionnaire was used to measure nurses’ knowledge, at- titudes and perceived assessment practices regarding BTCP management as the secondary outcomes. The chi- square or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the rate of adherence to BTCP assessment practices between groups. A generalised estimating equation was used to compare changes in knowledge, attitudes, and perceived assessment practices between groups over time. Results: One hundred and five nurses completed the study. The chart audits revealed a significantly higher rate of adherence to BTCP assessment practices in the intervention group after the intervention (p < .05). The inter- vention group exhibited significant positive changes in scores for knowledge (β = 25.49, p < .001), attitude (β = 0.98 to 2.81, p < .01), and their perceived assessment practices (β = 1.33 to 3.14, p < .002) when compared with the control group. Conclusions: This theory-driven educational intervention significantly improved the medical nurses’ adherence to BTCP assessment practices and their level of knowledge attitudes and perceived assessment practices regarding BTCP management.
keywords: درد سرطان دستیابی به موفقیت | تحصیلات | پرستاران | دانش | نگرش های | ارزیابی | شیوه ها | Breakthrough cancer pain | Education | Nurses | Knowledge | Attitudes | Assessment | Practices
مقاله انگلیسی
27 The effects of personal information management capabilities and social-psychological factors on accounting professionals’ knowledge-sharing intentions: Pre and post COVID-19
تأثیر قابلیت های مدیریت اطلاعات شخصی و عوامل اجتماعی-روانشناختی بر اهداف به اشتراک گذاری دانش حرفه ای حسابداری: پیش و پست Covid-19-2021
Given the increased emphasis on individual factors in knowledge management research, this study proposes a research model that examines the effects of personal information management capabilities and social-psychological factors on the knowledge-sharing intention of accounting professionals. The survey results from 136 accounting professionals reveal that both personal information management capabilities and perceived image can positively influence knowledge- sharing behavior. Conversely, reciprocity and loss of knowledge power do not exhibit a signifi- cant role in knowledge-sharing intentions. The comparison analyses between pre- and post- COVID-19 sample groups indicate similar results for the hypothesized relationships while there are notable mean differences in knowledge sharing intention, image and information processing capabilities. This study extends current research by incorporating personal information man- agement capabilities to examine the power of the “individual” in knowledge sharing and offers timely evidence of accounting professionals’ personal knowledge management practices during the period of COVID-19. This study raises implications for researchers and practitioners interested in knowledge management in the accounting profession.
keywords: تصویر | قصد به اشتراک گذاری دانش | از دست دادن قدرت دانش | قابلیت های مدیریت اطلاعات شخصی | متقابل | Image | Knowledge-sharing intention | Loss of knowledge power | Personal information management capabilities | Reciprocity
مقاله انگلیسی
28 Three-month follow-up effects of a medication management program on nurses’ knowledge
اثرات پیگیری سه ماهه یک برنامه مدیریت دارو در دانش پرستاران-2021
This quasi-experimental study examined the effects of a medication management program on nurses knowledge of medication management, three months after program completion. Fifty-seven nurses took a multiple-choice test both immediately after the program and three months later. Changes in test performance were assessed using McNemar’s test and generalized estimating equations for binary outcomes. Test results were generally consistent from immediately post-program to three months later, though four items differed significantly. From immediately post-program to three months later, fewer nurses correctly answered the items: documenting no medication administration (98.2 vs 86.6, p = 0.04); documenting opioid administration (56.1 vs 33.3, p = 0.01); and observation after opioid administration (35.1 vs 19.3, p = 0.08. Significantly more nurses correctly answered the item concerning the pharmacology of medication administered with food (64.9 vs 77.2, p = 0.09). We recom- mend both continuous medication management training and focusing on the correspondence between theory- based knowledge and clinical practice routines.
keywords: پرستار بیمارستان | برنامه آموزشی | مدیریت دارو | دانش | Hospital nurse | Education program | Medication management | Knowledge
مقاله انگلیسی
29 Comparative educational outcomes of an active versus passive learning continuing professional development activity on self-management support for respiratory educators: A non-randomized controlled mixed-methods study
نتایج آموزشی مقایسه‌ای فعالیت توسعه حرفه‌ای مستمر یادگیری فعال در مقابل غیرفعال بر حمایت خودمدیریتی از مربیان تنفسی: یک مطالعه با روش‌های ترکیبی کنترل‌شده غیرتصادفی-2021
Aim: We compared educational outcomes associated with an active vs. passive continuing professional development activity on self-management support for respiratory educators. Background: There is a need to identify learning activities associated with the most successful continuing professional development programs for respiratory educators. Design: This was a non-randomized controlled mixed-methods study recruiting respiratory educators attending a continuing professional development activity on self-management support. Methods: In the experimental group, active learning methods (role-play simulations) were employed, whereas passive learning methods (lecture) were used in the comparison group. Educators were allocated to the comparison group (first 15 months of the study), then to the experimental group (last 17 months). Educators filled questionnaires measuring pre-/post-activity knowledge about self-management support (score 0–25) and selfreported competence (score 1–10). Scores were compared using mixed-effect models. Interviews with educators were conducted and content analysis was performed. Results: We recruited 94/94 educators (active: n = 51; passive: n = 43). Knowledge scores increased to a greater extent in the active vs. passive learning group (adjusted difference-in-difference [aDID]=2.01; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.14–3.88), although competence scores increased to a greater extent in the passive learning group (aDID=− 0.38; 95%CI: − 1.56 to − 0.04). Reflecting on their competence, educators of the active learning group identified the need to further improve their self-management support skills, whereas educators of the passive learning group did not. Conclusions: Our results show that an active learning continuing professional development activity on selfmanagement support could help educators to better apply knowledge and appears to engage them in a process of reflection on action.
keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Continuing education | Mixed methods | Patient education as topic | Self-management support
مقاله انگلیسی
30 ‘Going agile’: Exploring the use of project management tools in fostering psychological safety in group work within management discipline courses
رفتن چابک: بررسی استفاده از ابزارهای مدیریت پروژه در پرورش ایمنی روانشناختی در کار گروهی در دوره های انضباط مدیریت-2021
While psychological safety is widely acknowledged to be a crucial factor in determining how well teams function, little attention has been paid to this phenomenon in management education and HE more broadly. This highlights an important gap, given the ‘thorny’ nature, and pervasive use, of group work. We contribute the first examination of an HE intervention to increase psycho- logical safety. Specifically, through a two-phase mixed methods approach (pre/post surveys and focus groups, student diaries), we examine the implementation of Agile project management principles in both an undergraduate and postgraduate digital marketing course (total n = 131). The findings illustrate that the intervention increased psychological safety along with team- performance, group learning, interpersonal communication and creativity, whilst also reducing the free-rider problem. The study provides three contributions. First, we extend knowledge of psychological safety by showing it can be fostered through interventions providing two core antecedents (supporting facilitation and a cohesive framework). Second, we build knowledge of psychological safety in education by evidencing a greater breadth of positive outcomes, which until now has been mostly limited to knowledge development. Third, we expand understanding of implementing group work interventions in management, providing five important considerations for educational practitioners.
keywords: چابک | ایمنی روانی | کار گروهی | اسکرام | ابزارهای مدیریت پروژه | Agile | Psychological safety | Group work | Scrum | Project management tools
مقاله انگلیسی
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