دانلود و نمایش مقالات مرتبط با Law::صفحه 10
دانلود بهترین مقالات isi همراه با ترجمه فارسی 2

با سلام خدمت کاربران در صورتی که با خطای سیستم پرداخت بانکی مواجه شدید از طریق کارت به کارت (6037997535328901 بانک ملی ناصر خنجری ) مقاله خود را دریافت کنید (تا مشکل رفع گردد). 

نتیجه جستجو - Law

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 997
ردیف عنوان نوع
91 A model for big spatial rural data infrastructure in Turkey: Sensor-driven and integrative approach
یک مدل برای زیرساخت های داده های بزرگ فضایی روستایی در ترکیه: رویکرد حسگر محور و یکپارچه-2020
A Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) enables the effective spatial data flow between providers and users for their prospective land use analyses. The need for an SDI providing soil and land use inventories is crucial in order to optimize sustainable management of agricultural, meadow and forest lands. In an SDI where datasets are static, it is not possible to make quick decisions about land use. Therefore, SDIs must be enhanced with online data flow and the capabilities to store big volumes of data. This necessity brings the concepts of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data (BD) into the discussion. Turkey needs to establish an SDI to monitor and manage its rural lands. Even though Turkish decision-makers and scientists have constructed a solid national SDI standardization, a conceptual model for rural areas has not been developed yet. In accordance with the international agreements, this model should adopt the INSPIRE Directive and Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) standards. In order to manage rural lands in Turkey, there are several legislations which characterize the land use planning, land classification and restrictions. Especially, the Soil Protection and Land Use Law (SPLUL) enforces to use a lot and a variety of land use parameters that should be available in a big rural SDI. Moreover, this model should be enhanced with IoT, which enables to use of smart sensors to collect data for monitoring natural occurrences and other parameters that may help to classify lands. This study focuses on a conceptual model of a Turkish big rural SDI design that combines the sensor usage and attribute datasets for all sorts of rural lands. The article initially reviews Turkish rural reforms, current enterprises to a national SDI and sensor-driven agricultural monitoring. The suggested model integrates rural land use types, such as agricultural lands, meadowlands and forest lands. During the design process, available data sets and current legislation for Turkish rural lands are taken into consideration. This schema is associated with food security databases (organic and good farming practices), non-agricultural land use applications and local/ European subsidies in order to monitor the agricultural parcels on which these practices are implemented. To provide a standard visualization of this conceptual schema, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagrams are used and a supplementary data dictionary is prepared to make clear definitions of the attributes, data types and code lists used in the model. This conceptual model supports the LPIS, ISO 19156 International Standard (Geographic Information: Observations and Measurements) catalogue and INSPIRE data theme specifications due to the fact that Turkey is negotiating the accession to EU; however, it also provides a local understanding that enables to manage rural lands holistically for sustainable development goals. It suggests an expansion for the sensor variety of Turkish agricultural monitoring project (TARBIL) and it specifies a rural theme for Turkish National SDI (TUCBS).
Keywords: Spatial data infrastructures | Big data | Internet of things | Rural land use | INSPIRE | LPIS
مقاله انگلیسی
92 Fuzzy implications: alpha migrativity and generalised laws of importation
پیامدهای فازی: مهاجرت آلفا و قوانین کلی واردات-2020
In this work, we discuss the law of α-migrativity as applied to fuzzy implication func- tions in a meaningful way. A generalisation of this law leads us to Pexider-type func- tional equations connected with the law of importation, viz., the generalised law of im- portation I(C(x, α) , y ) = I(x, J(α, y )) (GLI) and the generalised cross-law of importation I(C(x, α) , y ) = J(x, I(α, y )) (CLI), where C is a generalised conjunction. In this article we investigate only (GLI). We begin by showing that the satisfaction of law of importation by the pairs ( C, I ) and/or ( C, J ) does not necessarily lead to the satisfaction of (GLI). Hence, we study the conditions under which these three laws are related.
Keywords: Fuzzy connectives | T-norm | Fuzzy implication | Law of importation | Alpha-migrativity
مقاله انگلیسی
93 Law, Endowment and Inequality in Access to Finance
قانون ، موقوفات و نابرابری در دسترسی به امور مالی-2020
Theoretical work suggests an ambiguous relationship between the strength of institutions and the distribution of access to finance. Using a sample of listed firms from 70 countries, this study constructs country-level measures of inequality in access to external finance, and explores its relation to institutions. We show that inequality of access is positively related to financial development as well as inequality in the distribution of firm size, firm revenue, and residents’ incomes. Countries with stronger investor protection for equity and debt have higher inequality in equity and debt financing respectively, presumably as a result of higher efficiency in fund allocation. Finally, we find that the historical determinants of institutions, including the civil law tradition and the disease environment encountered by colonizers, are negatively related to inequality in access to external finance..
Keywords: Capital concentration | Endowment | External financing | Financial development | Investor Protection | Inequality | law
مقاله انگلیسی
94 Nine-nine-six work system and people’s movement patterns: Using big data sets to analyse overtime working in Shanghai
سیستم کار نه-نه-شش و الگوهای حرکت مردم: استفاده از مجموعه داده های بزرگ برای تحلیل اضافه کاری در شانگهای-2020
Although topics regarding “996 work system” and overtime working have aroused hot arguments, there is scant literature that analyses the spatial distribution and movement patterns of people who work overtime. This article fills this gap by adopting big data analysis and examining the mobile phone signal data which allow the calculation of the approximate spatial position of the mobile-phone user, and the generation of transportation flows and individuals’ origin-destination (OD) flows. The findings show that no less than one third of employees in Shanghai work overtime, and that overtime workers face higher job-housing imbalance than workers who have normal work durations or flexible schedules. This corroborates David Harvey’s time-space compression theory. Going beyond that, we further discover the interchangeability between exploitation in the time dimension, and that in the spatial dimension, resulting in dual exploitation. This article has important policy implications for optimizing the urban spatial system of Shanghai, as it advocates that in addition to strengthening the enforcement of labor law, the government also needs to improve the public service such as strengthening the underground system’s capacity, and construct affordable houses, so as to alleviate the employees’ sufferings caused by temporal and spatial exploitation. Moreover, the research points out the necessity for Chinese cities to enhance the vertical mixing, in order to shorten the job-housing distance.
Keywords: Overtime working | Human activity patterns | Big data | Mobile phone Signal data | Shanghai | OD | Time-space compression | Vertical mixing of land use
مقاله انگلیسی
95 Exponential operational laws and new aggregation operators for intuitionistic multiplicative set in multiple-attribute group decision making process
قوانین عملیاتی نمایی و اپراتورهای تجمیع جدید برای مجموعه چند برابر شهودی در فرایند تصمیم گیری گروهی چند صفت-2020
The intuitionistic multiplicative preference set is one of the replacements to the intuitionistic fuzzy preference set, where the preferences related to the object is asymmetrical distribution about 1. In it, Saaty’s 1–9 scale has been used to represent the uncertain and imprecise information. Meanwhile, an aggregation operator by using general operational laws for some fuzzy sets is an important task to aggregate the different numbers. Motivated by these primary characteristics, it is interesting to present the concept of exponential operational laws, which differs from the traditional laws by the way, in which bases are real numbers while exponents are the intuitionistic multiplicative numbers. In this paper, we develop a methodto solve the Multiple Attribute Group Decision Making (MAGDM) problem under the Intuitionistic Multiplicative Sets (IMS) environment. To do it, firstly, we define some new exponential operational laws and a score function for IMS and studied their properties. Secondly, based on this, we develop some averaging and geometric aggregation operators and characterize their various properties. Thirdly, a novel approach is promoted to solve MAGDM problems with IMS information. Finally, some numerical illustrations are given with a comparative study to verify the approach.
Keywords: Intuitionistic multiplicative sets | MAGDM | Exponential operational laws | Aggregation operators | Score function
مقاله انگلیسی
96 A 2020 perspective on “Digital blockchain networks appear to be following Metcalfe’s Law”
چشم انداز سال 2020 در مورد -2020
The value of several blockchain assets was shown to possibly be modeled based on Metcalfe’s law as well as a proposed network effects law in the original paper published in 2017. The models showed the growth in the value of the assets to be correlated to the growth in the number of daily unique addresses used on the network; data that is easily extracted from the blockchain. An update to that study is presented, extending the data from May 2017 to current, and showing the sustained correlation between current data and the models. A discussion of potential improvements to that model and its approach from a 2020 perspective is presented.
Keywords: Blockchains | Data analytics | Machine learning | Metcalfe’s law | Network effects
مقاله انگلیسی
97 How does liability affect prices? Railroad sparks and timber
بدهی چگونه بر قیمت ها تأثیر می گذارد؟ جرقه و چوب راه آهن-2020
This paper analyzes how judicially-determined liability assignments affect valuations and prices. On two occasions in 2007, a railway company caused a fire to break out in the State of Washington. The two fires burned down some of the neighboring properties’ timber. These two incidents led to two companion court cases that made it all the way to the Washington Supreme Court. The court rulings, both made on May 31, 2012, held that the railway company was not liable for timber damages under Washington’s timber trespass statute, despite having acted negligently. As a consequence of these decisions, economic theory predicts a decrease in the value of timber in those areas associated with higher risk of fire, and an increase in the value of Washington railway companies. Using a triple difference model and an event study, we test and find evidence supporting this prediction.
Keywords: Liability | Property rights | Law and economics | Event study
مقاله انگلیسی
98 Analysis of power law fluid-structure interaction in an open trapezoidal cavity
تجزیه و تحلیل تعامل قدرت ساختار سیال در قانون در حفره ذوزنقه باز-2020
The present paper investigates the mixed convection heat transfer of non-Newtonian fluid-structure interaction (FSI) inside an open trapezoidal cavity. The base of the cavity is fixed at constant temperature while the other walls are adiabatic. The flow passes over the open side of the cavity through a parallel-plate channel. An elastic fin is dangled from the top wall of the channel and stand facing the open cavity. The current model presents a two- dimensional incompressible laminar flow and unsteady-state conditions using the non-Newtonian power- law fluids. Numerical simulation is achieved using finite element method with arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) scheme. The effects of Cauchy number, Reynolds number, Richardson number and the index of power law fluid are examined with ranges of (Ca = 10 − 20 –10 − 3 , Re = 100–300, Ri = 0.01–10 and n = 0.5–1.5). The results show that at Re = 300, Nusselt number of a stifffin is 2.6% and 7% higher than that of softer flexible fin for n = 0.5 and 1.5, respectively. For low Ri number, shear-thickening fluid manifests higher Nusselt number while for high Ri number, the shear-thinning fluid has the higher values. It is found also that the fluttering phenomenon of the fin takes place at the highest Ri and Re numbers with shear-thinning fluid and Newtonian fluid as well.
Keywords: Non-Newtonian fluid | Power law | FSI | Mixed convection | Trapezoidal cavity | Channel
مقاله انگلیسی
99 Injury patterns of less lethal kinetic impact projectiles used by law enforcement officers
الگوهای اسیب از پرتاب های ضربه جنبشی کمتر کشنده که توسط مأموران اجرای قانون -2020
Law enforcement officers have a number of force options at their disposal. One less lethal force option available to police is kinetic impact projectiles (KIPs) such as beanbags or synthetic “rubber bullets” fired from shotguns or specialty launchers. A variety of KIPs are currently used by law enforcement agencies. The primary mechanism for KIPs is to deliver a painful impact that mimics being shot with a firearm. This is intended to temporarily incapacitate subjects in order to allow an officer to apprehend them with minimal injury to all parties. While less injurious than traditional firearms, KIPs are expected to impart blunt trauma to temporarily incapacitate and allow apprehension of violent, threatening, or combative subjects. The use of KIPs and other Less Lethal Weapons have been associated with reduced injury rates among both criminal suspects and officers, as well as with reductions in the use of lethal force.1–4 While case reports have documented rare severe or even fatal injuries due to KIPs, their overall injury potential and wounding patterns have not been well characterized in the literature.2,3,5–20 We sought to measure the rate of significant injury following discharge from a KIP weapon in the course of apprehension from law enforcement, and to further characterize injuries following KIP use.
مقاله انگلیسی
100 A novel representation of time-varying viscosity with power-law and comparative study
نمایش جدیدی از ویسکوزیته متغیر با زمان با قانون قدرت و مطالعه مقایسه ای-2020
Time-varying viscosity of viscoelastic materials has been found to induce complex rheology behaviors, which cannot be well characterized by the classical viscoelastic models. In this paper, different types of time-varying viscosity, namely, linearly varying viscosity, exponentially varying viscosity, and the proposed power-law viscosity are introduced with the applications to describing experimental data. Subsequently, these time-varying viscosities are embedded into the classical viscoelastic models. The relaxation and creep responses of the modified viscoelastic models are analytically derived and compared with the performance of the corresponding fractional models. The results indicate that the proposed power-law viscosity and the exponentially varying viscosity are capable of characterizing both thixotropy and rheopexy. The modified Maxwell model with power-law viscosity agrees well with the creep and relaxation responses of time-varying materials. It is also found that viscoelastic materials exhibiting thixotropy show faster rheological responses than the materials exhibiting rheopexy.
Keywords: Time-varying viscosity | Power-law viscoelastic model | Relaxation response | Creep response
مقاله انگلیسی
rss مقالات ترجمه شده rss مقالات انگلیسی rss کتاب های انگلیسی rss مقالات آموزشی
logo-samandehi
بازدید امروز: 7937 :::::::: بازدید دیروز: 0 :::::::: بازدید کل: 7937 :::::::: افراد آنلاین: 66