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1 |
Environmental impacts of animal-based food supply chains with market characteristics
تأثیرات زیست محیطی زنجیره های تأمین مواد غذایی حیوانی با ویژگی های بازار-2021 Animal-based food supply chains lead to significant environmental impacts, which can be influenced by
production systems, distribution networks and consumption patterns. To develop strategy aimed at
reducing the environmental impact of animal-based food supply chains, the common environmental
hotspots among different types of food, the role of transport logistics and the consequence of end market
need to be better understood. Life cycle assessment was adopted to model three types of animal-based
food chains (beef, butter and salmon), with specific technologies, high spatial-resolution logistics and
typical consumption patterns for three markets: local, regional (intra-European) and international. The
results confirmed that the farm production stage usually had the greatest environmental impact, except
when air transport was used for distribution. Potentially, the role of end market also can significantly
influence the environmental impacts. To understand more, three improvement options were examined
in detail with regard to hotspots for climate change: novel feed ingredients (farm production stage), sustainable aviation fuel (transport and logistics stage) and reduction of wasted food (consumption and end
of life stage). Significant reduction was achieved in the salmon system by sustainable aviation fuel (64%)
and novel feed (15%). Minimizing food waste drove the greatest reduction in the beef supply chain (23%)
and the international butter supply chain can reduce 50% of GHG mission by adopting sustainable
aviation fuel. Combined interventions could reduce GHG emission of animal-based food supply chains
by 15% to 82%, depending on market, transport and food waste behaviour. The results show that ecoefficiency information of animal-based foods should include the full supply chain. The effective mitigation strategy to achieve the greatest reduction should not only consider the impacts on-farm, but also
detail of the downstream impacts, such as food distribution network and consumption patterns. Keywords: Sustainability | Life cycle analysis | Animal-based food supply chain | Spatial-resolution |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Comparative life cycle analysis of a biodegradable multilayer film and a conventional multilayer film for fresh meat modified atmosphere packaging – and effectively accounting for shelf-life
تجزیه و تحلیل چرخه زندگی مقایسهای یک فیلم چند لایه زیست تخریبپذیر و یک فیلم چند لایه معمولی برای بستهبندی با اتمسفر اصلاحشده گوشت تازه - و به طور موثری برای محاسبه مدت ماندگاری-2021 Life cycle analyses of novel food packaging materials do not often account for the environmental impact of a
change in shelf-life, which can result in misleading comparisons. This paper established a methodology for
comparative life cycle analyses, whereby the direct effects of the lidding films were compared whilst ensuring the
indirect effects of the wasted food portion remained stable. Global warming potential and non-renewable energy
use were analysed for a conventional (low-density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl alcohol) versus a biodegradable
(polyhydroxyalkanoate/butenediol vinyl alcohol) multilayer lidding film for modified atmosphere packaging of
minced beef. Two methodologies were investigated. The first (metric one) changed the barrier layer thickness in
the biodegradable film to match the carbon dioxide transmission rate with that of a conventional film. The
second (metric two) changed the barrier layer thickness to match a carbon dioxide transmission rate predicted by
a mathematical model to ensure the same shelf-life as the conventional film. Using metric two over metric one
resulted in 1) a thinner film 2) 2.3 times lower global warming potential. When using sugar beet as the
biopolymer feedstock and the current UK disposal system, the biodegradable film had 135% higher global
warming potential than the conventional film. By incorporating waste products and better farming practices, the
global warming potential of the biodegradable film could be up to 92% lower than that of the conventional film.
This work demonstrates how shelf-life can be incorporated into life cycle analyses and the importance of ac-
counting for it, in particular when evaluating biodegradables which often have higher permeabilities. keywords: تجزیه و تحلیل چرخه زندگی | لایه مانع | فیلم لجن | بسته بندی گوشت | عمر مفید | زباله های مواد غذایی | Life cycle analysis | Barrier layer | Lidding film | Meat packaging | Shelf-life | Food waste |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Integrating sustainability into higher education curriculum through a transdisciplinary perspective
ادغام پایداری در برنامه درسی آموزش عالی از طریق یک دیدگاه بین رشته ای-2020 Higher education institutions are among the most influential elements of implementing concepts of
sustainability and sustainable development. Manufacturing industries of all sorts are key stakeholders,
which rely on universities to satisfy the demand for competent workforce. Society also expects universities
to educate our youth and contribute to their self-development by achieving both, scientific and
intellectual knowledge saturation. Among all these missions, today, universities are trying to develop
sustainability curriculums to further increase sustainability awareness and to provide undergraduate
students with a toolkit that would provide them with a competitive advantage in the job market.
Developing such a curriculum would only be possible with a transdisciplinary approach. Therefore, the
objective of this study was to contribute to strategic alignment of higher education institutions and
corporate organizations by developing a course curriculum that integrates modern management techniques
and sustainability concepts with wood products industry dynamics, which also focuses on project
based learning (PBL). Theories of sustainability, lean management, supply chain management, six-sigma,
and life cycle analysis were reinforced with hands-on activities of value-added wood product
manufacturing line during a 16-weeks course. Students’ pre- and post-education awareness of and familiarity
with sustainability, potential consequences of ignored sustainability issues, modern management
techniques, global trends, innovation waves, and industry evolution were compared through a
seventeen-question survey. Results showed that proposed course content was successful at increasing
sustainability awareness at both overall and individual sustainability pillar levels. At the end, 100% of
students were able to develop complete understanding of various modern management techniques and
stated that they feel confident to apply learnt skills to real life issues within their profession upon
graduation. The outcomes of the study could serve as a guide for those looking to develop similar interor
trans-disciplinary courses at higher education institutions Keywords: Sustainability curriculum | Modern management techniques | Sustainable development | Higher education |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Estimation of energy consumption on the tire-pavement interaction for asphalt mixtures with different surface properties using data mining techniques
برآورد مصرف انرژی بر تعامل لاستیک -پیاده رو برای مخلوط های آسفالت با خواص سطحی مختلف با استفاده از تکنیک های داده کاوی-2019 The energy or fuel consumption of the millions of vehicles that daily operate in road pavements
has a significant economic and environmental impact on the use phase of road infrastructures
regarding their life cycle analysis. Therefore, new solutions should be studied to reduce the
vehicles energy consumption, namely due to the tire-pavement interaction, and contribute towards
the sustainable development. This study aims at estimating the energy consumption due to
the rolling resistance of tires moving over pavements with distinct surface characteristics. Thus,
different types of asphalt mixtures were used in the surface course to determine the main
parameters influencing the energy consumption. A laboratory scale prototype was developed
explicitly for this evaluation. Data mining techniques were used to analyze the experimental
results due to the complex correlation between the data collected during the tests, providing
meaningful results. In particular, the artificial neural network allowed to obtain models with
excellent capacity to estimate energy consumption. A sensitive analysis was carried out with a
five input parameter model, which showed that the main parameters controlling the energy
consumption are the vehicle speed and the mean texture depth Keywords: Road pavements | Surface characteristics | Energy consumption | Rolling resistance | Tire-pavement interaction | Data mining techniques |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
The Sustainable Infrastructure through the Construction Supply Chain Carbon Footprint Approach
زیرساخت های پایدار از طریق روش پایه کربن زنجیره تأمین ساخت و ساز-2017 The sustainable development concept is an important issue in construction industry, which becomes important mainly because of its role in infrastructure provision. Infrastructure availability will affect economic growth and increase a countrys competitiveness. Indonesia as a developing country still needs to build a lot of physical infrastructure. The concept of sustainable infrastructure development is in line with the Indonesian governments development plans for the period of 2014-2015 called Nawa Cita. Carbon footprint modelling is one of the methods that contributes to the realization of sustainable infrastructure development. This paper describes the approach of sustainable infrastructure development through carbon footprinting in the construction supply chain. In the construction industry, carbon footprinting gives information in total emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) in every stage of a construction projects supply chain activities. In creating a carbon footprint model, life cycle analysis (LCA) is used as a supporting instrument to estimate the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in each stage of the supply chain activities. It is shown that the implementation of sustainable infrastructure development needs a synergy from all parties involved in the construction supply chain.
Keywords: Sustainable development concept | carbon footprint |
مقاله انگلیسی |
6 |
Environmental performance of energy systems of residential buildings: Toward sustainable communities
عملکرد زیست محیطی سیستم های انرژی ساختمان های مسکونی: به سوی جوامع پایدار-2016 The evaluation of the environmental performance of energy systems used in residential buildings by
applying the principles of the Life Cycle Analysis is an established methodological approach. Applying
it in practice presents, however, significant interest, as a lack of available data has to be overcome. The
research results presented in this paper include the analysis of the production, disposal and transportation
of the materials used for the manufacturing processes of the building’s energy systems, which include
an oil and a gas fired boiler, split unit air conditioners, mono-Si and poly-Si PV arrays, flat plate and
evacuated tube solar thermal collectors and their auxiliaries. The data needed for the analysis were taken
from audits in the industries producing those systems, from related studies already published and from
publicly available databases, when no other source was available. In this way, a comprehensive and fully
adjustable database of the systems’ environmental impact has been created. This database can be a part
of an integrated dynamic decision support tool, or it can be used in combination with tools commercially
available. It can therefore assist prospective users in the selection of the appropriate energy systems that
will lead to the minimization of the total environmental impact of new and existing buildings. The results
are applied to a representative residential building and its systems are evaluated and analyzed for several
scenarios.
Keywords: Environmental performance | Energy systems | Life cycle analysis | Residential buildings | Decision support system |
مقاله انگلیسی |