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نتیجه جستجو - Low-income

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 30
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Embedding 529 College Savings Accounts in Pediatric Care: A Pilot Innovation
تعبیه 529 حساب پس انداز کالج در مراقبت از کودکان: یک نوآوری آزمایشی-2021
Our pilot created a feasible and novel workflow to embed financial services and education into pediatric care. It takes a health equity approach by providing systematic support to low-income families of color, who have historically been excluded from financial tools and education.
KEYWORDS: disparities | education | finance | pediatrics
مقاله انگلیسی
2 A:L:L: Y:O:U: N:E:E:D: I:S: L:O:V:E: Manual on health self-management and patient-reported outcomes among low-income young adult Mexicans on chronic dialysis: Feasibility study
همه:شما:نیاز داشتن:است:عشق:دستیابی به سلامت خود مدیریت و نتایج گزارش شده بیمار در میان افراد کم درآمد جوانان مکزیکی های مزمن در دیالیز مزمن: مطالعه امکان سنجی-2021
Purpose: We evaluated disease knowledge/self-management skills among low-income Mexican young adults maintained on dialysis and to test the effectiveness of the A.L.L. Y.O.U. N.E.E.D. I.S. L.O.V.E (AYNIL) Manual – Spanish Version on patient-reported outcomes. This is a low literacy teaching tool designed with patients and educators input. Design and methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in 17 chronic dialysis patients at Mexico Citys Hospital General de México, Dr. Eduardo Liceaga. Ages 18–30-year-old completed disease knowledge/selfmanagement and quality of life measures before the intervention and 6 weeks later.
Results: Significant increases were observed on disease knowledge/self-management scores in the STARx questionnaire from 47 (IQ: 40,51) to 50 (IQ: 48,54) p = 0.04. The UNC-TRxANSITION Index increased significantly from 4.8 (IQ: 3.9,5.7) to 7.7 (IQ: 7.5,8.2) p ≤0.001. Significant increases in scores were detected in the “Burden of kidney disease” (p = 0.008), “Effects of kidney disease” “ (p = 0.03) and “ Dialysis staff encouragement” (p = 0.027) based on the KDQoL survey.
Conclusions: In this vulnerable population, the Spanish version of the A.L.L. Y.O.U. N.E.E.D. I.S. L.O.V.E. - AYNIL Manual improved CKD/ESRD disease knowledge/self-management skills and HRQoL. This study highlighted the need for low-literacy educational tools to improve patient-reported outcomes. Practice implications: Young adults with CKD/ESRD can benefit from patient-centered educational interventions to enhance their autonomy and the development of self-management behaviors that improve patientreported outcomes and potential complications of the disease. Special attention is needed in low-income patients with low rates of adherence to treatments and poor self-management skills.
keywords: اقدامات گزارش شده بیمار گزارش شده است | خود مدیریت | ابزارهای کم سواد آموزی | آموزش بیمار | کیفیت زندگی | خود مراقبتی | Patient-reported outcome measures | Self-management | Low-literacy tools | Patient education | Quality of life | Self-care
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Factors associated with abortion at 12 or more weeks gestation after implementation of a restrictive Texas law
عوامل مرتبط با سقط جنین در 12 یا بیشتر از هفته های حاملگی پس از اجرای قانون محدود کننده تگزاس-2020
Objective: To examine factors associated with obtaining abortion at 12 or more weeks gestation in 26 Texas after implementation of a restrictive law. 27 Study Design: In this retrospective cohort study, we collected data from eight Texas abortion clinics that 28 provided services at 12 or more weeks gestation from April 1, 2015 to March 30, 2016, after a restrictive 29 abortion law enacted in November 2013 shuttered many of the state’s clinics. We examined factors 30 associated with obtaining in-clinic abortion services between 3-11 versus 12-24 weeks gestation 31 including patient race-ethnicity, income level, and driving distance to the clinic using chi-square tests 32 and calculating odds ratios. We further subcategorized abortion between 15-24 weeks to determine 33 who may be most affected by a Texas law banning dilation and evacuation (D&E). 34 Results: Among 24,555 in-clinic abortions, 19.2% (n=4,714) occurred at 12 or more weeks gestation. 35 Compared to patients who obtained care between 3-11 weeks, those who obtained care at 12 or more 36 weeks were more likely to be Black than White (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.05-1.31), live ≤110% of the federal 37 poverty level than have higher income (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.94-2.26), and drive 50+ miles than 1-24 miles 38 to obtain care (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.15-1.38). These associations remained for those obtaining care 39 between 15-24 weeks. Even after adjusting for race-ethnicity and driving distance, low-income patients 40 had greater odds of obtaining care in between 15-24 weeks (aOR 1.52; 95% CI 1.21-1.91). 41 Conclusions: Patients obtaining abortion at 12 or more weeks gestation in Texas are more likely Black, low-income, and travel far distances to obtain in-clinic care. 43 Implications: In Texas, patients who are Black, low-income, and travel the farthest are more likely to 44 obtain in-clinic abortion between 15-24 weeks gestation, commonly performed via D&E. If Texas Senate 45 Bill 8 (SB8) banning D&E goes into effect, these patients may be prevented from obtaining care.
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Does debt relief irresistibly attract banks as honey attracts bees? Evidence from low-income countries debt relief programs
آیا تسکین بدهی ها به طرز مقاومت ناپذیری بانک ها را جذب می کند همانطور که عسل زنبورها را جذب می کند؟ شواهدی از برنامه های کاهش بدهی کشورهای کم درآمد-2020
The Covid-19 crisis has recently rekindled discussions about debt relief, leading official lenders to grant a moratorium on low-income countries’ external public debt service. Private creditors, which had massively invested in LICs (especially in Africa), have been so far relatively spared. But would they keep lending to these countries if a new wave of debt write-offs were to occur? Building on the two largest debt relief programs for LICs, namely the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative (HIPC) and the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI), we investigate whether debt relief leads international private creditors to withdraw or to resume lending to beneficiary governments. Using a difference-in-differences approach, our results suggest that debt relief has fostered borrowing from private creditors, and identify the absence of reputational effects and the short-term horizon of private creditors as the key drivers that made renewed access to the credit market possible.
Keywords: Debt relief | International credit markets | Sovereign debt | Low-income countries
مقاله انگلیسی
5 The role of environmental entrepreneurship for sustainable development: Evidence from 35 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa
نقش کارآفرینی زیست محیطی برای توسعه پایدار: شواهدی از 35 کشور در جنوب صحرای آفریقا-2020
This research seeks to confirm the achievement of sustainable development in Sub-Sahara Africa. In view of this, a panel of 35 Sub-Saharan Africa countries divided into two sub-panels based on their income groupings, namely lowincome, and middle-income countries, from 2000 to 2014 with a cross-sectional dependence among the series was used as a prerequisite for the analysis. We used the Pooled Mean Group estimators of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model to ascertain the long-run mechanism between variables and analyse the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. The key results are: (1) income per capita significantly increases environmental pollution where environmental entrepreneurship decreases pollution of the environment across all panels of SSA countries; (2) in the low-income SSA economies, trade openness enhance environmental quality but increase environmental pollution in both the aggregated panel and middle-income SSA nations; (3) with the exception of low-income countries, human development palpably decreases environmental pollution in middle-income countries and in the aggregated panel a reduction is observed; (4) from financial development perspective, it produces positive and significant effect in the aggregated panel of SSA countries and middle-income SSA nations; (5) the environmental Kuznets curve conjuncture is supported for the selected panels in SSA region. Consequently, governments and policymakers should reinforce policies for the reduction of environmental pollution, more importantly, green financing policies, encourage aspiring environmental entrepreneurs to set environmentally-driven businesses, promote the use of environmental products to mitigate environmental problems and achieve sustainable development.
Keywords: Environmental entrepreneurship | Sustainable development | Environmental pollution | Environmental Kuznets curve | Sub-Saharan Africa
مقاله انگلیسی
6 The forgotten land use class: Mapping of fallow fields across the Sahel using Sentinel-2
کلاس استفاده از اراضی فراموش شده: نقشه برداری از مزارع مزرعه در ساحل با استفاده از سنتینل-2-2020
Remote sensing-derived cropland products have depicted the location and extent of agricultural lands with an ever increasing accuracy. However, limited attention has been devoted to distinguishing between actively cropped fields and fallowed fields within agricultural lands, and in particular so in grass fallow systems of semiarid areas. In the Sahel, one of the largest dryland regions worldwide, crop-fallow rotation practices are widely used for soil fertility regeneration. Yet, little is known about the extent of fallow fields since fallow is not explicitly differentiated within the cropland class in any existing remote sensing-based land use/cover maps, regardless of the spatial scale. With a 10 m spatial resolution and a 5-day revisit frequency, Sentinel-2 satellite imagery made it possible to disentangle agricultural land into cropped and fallow fields, facilitated by Google Earth Engine (GEE) for big data handling. Here we produce the first Sahelian fallow field map at a 10 m resolution for the baseline year 2017, accomplished by designing a remote sensing driven protocol for generating reference data for mapping over large areas. Based on the 2015 Copernicus Dynamic Land Cover map at 100 m resolution, the extent of fallow fields in the cropland class is estimated to be 63% (403,617 km2) for the Sahel in 2017. Similar results are obtained for five contemporary cropland products, with fallow fields occupying 57–62% of the cropland area. Yet, it is noted that the total estimated area coverage depends on the quality of the different cropland products. The share of cropped fields within the Copernicus cropland area is found to be higher in the arid regions (200–300 mm rainfall) as compared to the semi-arid regions (300–600 mm rainfall). The woody cover fraction within cropped and fallow fields is found to have a reversed pattern between arid (higher woody cover in cropped fields) and semi-arid (higher woody cover in fallow fields) regions. The method developed, using cloud-based Earth Observation (EO) data and computation on the GEE platform, is expected to be reproducible for mapping the extent of fallow fields across global croplands. Future applications based on multi-year time series is expected to improve our understanding of crop-fallow rotation dynamics in grass fallow systems being key in teasing apart how cropland intensification and expansion affect environmental variables, such as soil fertility, crop yields and local livelihoods in low-income regions such as the Sahel. The mapping result can be visualized via a web viewer (https://buwuyou.users.earthengine.app/view/fallowinsahel).
Keywords: Fallow fields | Cropland | Satellite image time series | Land use/cover mapping | Sentinel-2 | Drylands | Sahel
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Positive youth development in the context of household member contact with the criminal justice system
رشد مثبت جوانان در زمینه تماس اعضای خانواده با سیستم دادرسی کیفری-2020
This study addresses recent calls for investigations of within-group variability and resilience among youth with justice-involved family members by examining the nature and correlates of positive youth development (PYD) among adolescents who have experienced the arrest of a household member. Using data from the Mobile Youth Survey, a community-based study of risk and resilience among predominantly African American and low-income youth, we use linear mixed models to examine how individual, family, and community factors contribute to positive youth development and to identify associations between PYD and indicators of internalizing symptoms and delinquent behaviors. Results suggest that maternal warmth, parental monitoring, participation in religious activities, sense of belonging at school, and neighborhood connectedness were positively associated with PYD. Results further suggest that positive youth development is inversely associated with internalizing symptoms and delinquency. Findings underscore the importance of adopting a positive youth development lens in research on adolescents with justice-involved family members and suggest the value of developing interventions that not only reduce problems but that also capitalize on and foster youth assets.
Keywords: Household member arrest | Adolescent well-being | Household member contact with the criminal | justice system | Positive youth development
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Do inclusive education laws improve primary schooling among children with disabilities?
آیا قوانین آموزش فراگیر ، آموزش ابتدایی را در بین کودکان دارای معلولیت بهبود می بخشد؟-2020
Of the approximately 93 million children with moderate or severe disabilities around the world, large numbers do not have access to quality education. Inclusive education systems have been advocated as a solution to this problem. In this paper, we examine whether legislation to advance inclusive education can increase the likelihood of children with disabilities attending school in a low-income country. Using a difference-in-difference methodology, we find that children with visual, hearing, and physical disabilities, who began school at a time when inclusive education was guaranteed in Uganda, had a significantly higher likelihood of going to school than children with disabilities in comparator countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as children with disabilities in Uganda who became of school age prior to the passage of legislation. However, this was no longer true when considering only the sample of children reported to have no ability to see, hear, or engage in physical activities. While our findings are promising, comparable data on more countries are needed to comprehensively examine the impact of similar legislation across multiple settings.
Keywords: Disability | Inclusive education | Persons with Disabilities Act | Special needs | School participation
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Entrepreneurship as a solution to poverty in developed economies
کارآفرینی به عنوان راه حلی برای فقر در اقتصادهای توسعه یافته-2020
While entrepreneurship in developing economies at the base of the pyramid is receiving growing attention, scholars have devoted less effort to exploring entrepreneurship as a solution to poverty in advanced economies. Yet, poverty rates have not meaningfully changed in most developed economies in 50 years, and the income gap between rich and poor continues to widen. In this article, we examine entrepreneurship as a source of empowerment for the economically disadvantaged. We explore the nature of poverty and its implications for various aspects of entrepreneurship, identify problematic aspects of the typical low-income startup, and present the SPODER conceptual framework for fostering entrepreneurial development among the poor: (S) supportive infrastructure, (P) preparation of the entrepreneur; (O) expanded opportunity horizons; (D) finding sources of differentiation; (E) a well-designed economic model; and (R) leveraging community resources. We conclude by drawing from the framework implications for those involved in breaking the cycle of poverty.
KEYWORDS : Entrepreneurship | Poverty policy | Developed economies | Opportunity horizon | Entrepreneurial training | program | Poverty alleviation
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Comparison of banking innovation in low-income countries: A meta-frontier approach
مقایسه نوآوری بانکی در کشورهای کم درآمد: یک رویکرد فرامرزی-2019
Financial innovation is a crucial factor behind many of the improvements in the financial sector that directly affect the economy in a positive way. Financial innovation may also alter financial intermediation and increase reliability and transparency. Research has demonstrated that levels of financial innovation are similar among high-income countries; however, research has shown that financial development differs substantially in low income countries regardless of the economic size, suggesting that financial innovation may also differ. This study evaluated the levels of financial innovation and the determinants of innovation within the low-income countries. In particular, a new two-step meta-frontier approach was constructed to estimate technology gap ratios, and a censored model was built to establish their determinants. The results show that low-income countries do in fact vary greatly in terms of financial innovation. Competition, financial inclusion and banking access constitute major determinants of financial innovation.
Keywords: Financial innovation | Technology gap ratio | Cost efficiency | Stochastic meta-frontier analysis | Low-income countries
مقاله انگلیسی
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