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نتیجه جستجو - Management plans

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 16
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Capacity building in participatory approaches for hydro-climatic Disaster Risk Management in the Caribbean
ایجاد ظرفیت در رویکردهای مشارکتی برای مدیریت ریسک بلایای آبی-اقلیمی در کارائیب-2021
The participatory approach to Disaster Risk Management (DRM) considers socio-economic factors and facilitates the incorporation of local and indigenous knowledge into management plans while offering an opportunity to all resource users to have an input. Caribbean WaterNet/Cap-Net UNDP, Global Water Partnership-Caribbean (GWP-C), and the Faculty of Food and Agriculture, The University of the West Indies (FFA, UWI) conducted a series of regional training of trainers’ workshops in Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management and Drought Risk Management to build regional capacity in this approach. The trainings took place over two years in six (6) Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Over 150 persons from a range of sectors relevant to water resource management participated and contributed. The workshop gathered information on sectoral impacts, potential mitigation measures and challenges of hydro-climatic hazards. Capacity building and knowledge transfer was evaluated at two stages; at the end of the last day of training and 6 months after, as part of a monitoring and evaluation assessment. Both the initial and 6-month evaluations revealed significant knowledge transfer and subsequent institutional and policy impacts. Initial evaluation indicated 99% participant satisfaction with both training content and structure. In the six-month evaluation, 85% of participants indicated that the knowledge gained was used to improve their work performance and, in some cases, contributed to changes in institutional policy and frameworks.
keywords: کاهش خطر بلایا | خشکسالی و سیل | مشاوره با ذینفعان | کشورهای جزیره ای کوچک در حال توسعه | Disaster risk reduction | Drought and floods | Stakeholder consultations | Small island developing states
مقاله انگلیسی
2 The use of fishers’ knowledge to assess benthic resource abundance across management regimes in Chilean artisanal fisheries
استفاده از دانش ماهیگیران برای ارزیابی فراوانی منابع بنیادی در رژیم های مدیریت در شیلات صنایع شیلی-2021
Globally, marine fisheries remain largely unassessed, particularly small-scale fisheries in developing countries. Fishers’ knowledge has proven to be valuable to help fill gaps of information in otherwise unassessed fisheries. This study tested the reliability of fishers’ knowledge to estimate the abundance of two benthic resources, locos (Concholepas concholepas) and keyhole limpets (Fissurella spp.), across two management regimes, territorial user rights for fisheries (TURF) and open access areas (OAA), over ~500 km of coastline in central Chile. Fishers’ knowledge (FK) was quantified using systematic interviews and compared to direct assessments (DA). Addi- tionally, resource abundance was compared between the fishing regimes, considering regions with different concentration of TURFs (and consequently different availability of OAAs). The results show that abundances estimated by the two methods were highly consistent for the most valuable resource (the loco) and quite reliable for the keyhole limpet (for 67% of the comparisons). Abundances of both resources were higher in TURFs than in OAAs, a pattern detected by both FK and DA. The results clearly show the potential of this approach to be applied for the Chilean benthic fisheries over large scales. Interestingly, the results also show significantly lower abundance of locos in OAAs than in TURFs at coves immersed in zones with low availability of open access fishing grounds, suggesting the influence of effort displacement after the implementation of TURFs. This ancillary result highlights the need for seascape management plans that consider the potential, unintended ef- fects of TURFs on resources beyond their boundaries. These findings are of both local and global interest, sup- porting the use of FK to inform management in unassessed small-scale fisheries.
keywords: ادراک فیشر | گرفتن هر واحد تلاش | حقوق کاربر ارضی | جابجایی تلاش | ماهیگیری در مقیاس کوچک | خرگوش | Fishers’ perception | Catch per unit of effort | Territorial user rights | Effort displacement | Small-scale fisheries | Shellfish
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Life history, uses, trade and management of Diospyros crassiflora Hiern, the ebony tree of the Central African forests: A state of knowledge
تاریخچه زندگی، استفاده، تجارت و مدیریت Diospyros crassiflora Hiern، درخت آبنوس جنگل های آفریقای مرکزی: وضعیت دانش-2021
The Central African forest ebony, Diospyros crassiflora Hiern, is a small tree native to the moist forests of the Congo Basin. Its appealing black heartwood was one of the first products to be exported from the Gulf of Guinea in the 17th century and is today one of the main sources of ebony globally. Like for other ebony species, its commercial exploitation raises serious questions about the long-term sustainability of its trade and the viability of its populations, but the dots are yet to be joined. An examination of the interface between biology, trade, and ecology is crucial to identify the interrelated factors that could influence the potential success of its conservation. This paper reviews scientific and grey literature, forest inventories, herbarium and trade data to provide a critical assessment of the main threats to D. crassiflora populations and gaps in the current state of knowledge. It is shown here that the species is widespread but never abundant. In the longer term the species is threatened by forest conversion to agriculture and widespread hunting of large mammals on which the species rely for seed dispersal. It is currently selectively logged principally to make musical instruments and for the hongmu Chinese market, for which only one alternative black wood, the near-threatened Dalbergia melanoxylon Guill. et Perr., is commercially available. Trade statistics suggest that exports from source countries where the species is cut under the forest concession system are relatively low compared to countries like Cameroon which has seen a recent increase in exports, and where ebony is exploited without forest management plans. Logging remains a concern where the exploitation and trade of D. crassiflora are managed in response to demand rather than informed by current stock levels, growth rate and the particular reproductive biology of this species. The recent successes of private sector initiatives to ensure the long-term supply of ebony in Cameroon are promising, but would require long-term and large-scale commitments involving direct and indirect stakeholders to develop programs for the plantation and policies for the sustainable management of the species.
keywords: آبنوس | شکار | جنگل زدایی | تجارت | جنگل مرطوب آفریقا | گیتار | Ebony | Hunting | Deforestation | Trade | African moist forest | Guitar | CITES
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Knowledge, attitude, and practice of forensic practitioners during COVID-19 pandemic in Arab countries
دانش، نگرش و عملکرد پزشکان قانونی در طول همه گیری COVID-19 در کشورهای عربی-2021
COVID-19 pandemic burdens forensic practice worldwide. The experience of crisis management is a lesson learned that guides future preparedness for similar casualties. Thus, the present study takes an in-depth look at the knowledge, attitude, and practice of forensic practitioners during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Arab world. A comprehensive questionnaire was adopted in compliance with optimum international standards for the management of deaths during the pandemic. The survey was electronically distributed in 13 Arab countries. The responses were received from 29 forensic practitioners from 11 countries. Total median knowledge, attitude, and practice scores of respondents constituted 37.9%, 74%, and 36.8% of optimum scores respectively. Regarding knowledge, better scores are related to risk assessment and routes of exposure to Coronavirus, whereas, least scores were related to ventilation and negative pressure system. Most of the participants had a positive attitude, 85.2% were concerned about proper management of COVID-19 deaths, and 77.8% trusted the decisions of their teams. Considering practice, better scores are related to forensic staff competence, whereas, least scores were related to the implementation of ideal safety measures. Participants described the management process as useful (52%), reliable (35%), high quality (21%), and cost-effective (17%), however, they expressed challenges as staff infection, limited resources, and infrastructure issues. This survey guides readjusting of procedures and future preparedness for similar disasters in the Arab world. This research adopted a questionnaire that could be used in initial and periodic assessments in any medicolegal institute worldwide. Also, it could support infrastructure projects and disaster management plans.
keywords: تمرینکنندگان قانونی | دانش | نگرش | کشورهای عربی | پاندمی کووید 19 | Forensic practitioners | Knowledge | Attitude | Arab countries | COVID-19 pandemic
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Making shipping more carbon-friendly? Exploring ship energy efficiency management plans in legislation and practice
حمل و نقل بیشتر با کربن سازگار است؟ کاوش در برنامه های مدیریت بهره وری انرژی کشتی در قانون و عمل-2020
In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on energy-efficient operation of vessels. The International Maritime Organization has launched several initiatives for reducing emissions from ships. One of these is the ‘Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan’, SEEMP. This paper focuses on the operational level of the SEEMP and how the SEEMP can efficiently support the crew in performing energy efficient operations. The study is based on analyses of two vessels employed in the oil & gas and wind industry and uses qualitative methods based on 30 semi-structured interviews with seafarers and office employees, combined with document analysis of IMOs guidelines for development of the SEEMP along with the vessels’ SEEMPs. The study shows that operation of these vessels is very irregular and is influenced by many actors. The officers on board find that many goals or demands conflict with energy-efficient operation. To make the SEEMP useful as a dynamic tool, it is therefore of great importance to involve stakeholders and crew in defining unambiguous goals and making the entire system around the ship cooperate in meeting these goals.
Keywords: Shipping | Energy efficiency | SEEMP | Situation awareness | Human factor
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Innovations in violence risk assessment: What aviation can teach us about assessing and managing risk for rare and serious outcomes
نوآوری در ارزیابی خطر خشونت: آنچه هوانوردی می تواند در مورد ارزیابی و مدیریت خطر برای پیامدهای نادر و جدی به ما بیاموزد-2020
This paper describes several ongoing challenges in the field of violence risk assessment (VRA), particularly with respect to establishing acceptable levels of measurement reliability and validity of commonly used risk assess- ment instruments, and demonstrating their ability to reduce risk and avert harmful outcomes. Drawing on analogous concepts from the risk assessment and management process in the aviation industry, several key lessons and aspirational principles for research and practice in the field of VRA are described. It is argued that significantly more attention is required to evaluate the ability of VRA tools to generate effective risk management plans that measurably lower risk and rates of violent outcomes. Three propositions for advancing common VRA research designs are discussed: (1) improved operationalization of risk management plans and their ability to reduce violence; (2) improved measurement of change in risk status over prospective follow-up periods, and (3) a stronger emphasis on short-term assessments with closer temporal proximity between risk factors and outcomes. Collectively, these advancements may enhance the validity and utility of VRA instruments by permitting better specification of the conditions under which risk factors exert effects, and the development of effective risk management plans that join together explanatory frameworks for the causes of violence with strategies to avoid their recurrence.
Keywords: Violence | Risk assessment |Risk management | Safety | Aviation
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Large scale prediction of groundwater nitrate concentrations from spatial data using machine learning
پیش بینی مقیاس بزرگ غلظت نیترات آب زیرزمینی از داده های مکانی با استفاده از یادگیری ماشین-2019
Reducing nitrogen inputs, in particular nitrate, to groundwater is becoming increasingly important to fulfil requirements of the European Water Framework Directive. When developing management plans for mitigation measures at larger scales, complex hydro-biogeochemical models reach their limits due to data availability and spatial discretization. To circumvent this problem, the spatial distribution of nitrate concentration in groundwater is estimated using a parsimonious GIS-based statistical approach. Point nitrate concentrations and spatial environmental data as predictors are used to train statistical models. In order to compile the spatial predictorswith the respectivemonitoring sites, different designs of contributing areas (buffer zones) and their effects on the performance of different statistical models are investigated. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Classification and Regression Trees (CART), RandomForest (RF) and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) are compared in terms of the predictive performance of each model according to various objective functions.We determine the most influential spatial predictors used in the respective models. After training the models with a subset of the data, we then predict the spatial nitrate distribution in groundwater for the entire federal state of Hesse, Germany on a 1 × 1 kmgrid by only the spatial environmental data. The Random Forestmodel outperforms the other models (R2=0.54), relying on hydrogeological units, the percentage of arable land and the nitrogen balance as the three most influencing predictors based on a 1000 m circular contributing area. The use of exclusively spatial available predictors is a big step forward in the prediction of nitrate in groundwater on regional scale.
Keywords: Nitrate | Groundwater | Machine learning | GIS
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Implicit and explicit knowledge in flood evacuations with a case study of Takamatsu, Japan
دانش ضمنی و آشکار در تخلیه سیل با یک مطالعه موردی ازتوکاماتسو ژاپن-2018
Preparedness of communities to natural disasters is a key to mitigating more immediate impacts, whilst im proving social resilience for longer-term recovery. The neighbourhood-level implicit knowledge and its asso ciation with residents’ awareness, preparedness and reaction to disasters remain imperfectly understood in the literature. A multi-disciplinary research perspective is taken in this research to enhance the understanding of the role of implicit knowledge in disaster management. The methodology is based on a literature review and de scriptive analysis of knowledge management, communities of practice, explicit and implicit knowledge and evacuation behaviour. A qualitative interview on implicit knowledge was designed and administered to selected community members in the Japanese city of Takamatsu where typhoons are common and coastal flooding prevalent, as demonstrated by our historical analysis from the 17th century onwards. After reviewing the current City Disaster Management Plans, we argue that both explicit and implicit information is needed to formulate more effective, local-area evacuation plans and that the land-use planning profession in Japan has an important role in disaster mitigation. Practical implications and future research directions are identified in concluding the paper.
Keywords: Typhoons and flooding ، Knowledge management ، Communities of Practice ، Japan ، Qualitative interviews ، Disaster management planning
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Branching out: The inclusion of urban food trees in Canadian urban forest management plans
انشعاب: گنجاندن مواد غذایی درختان شهری در برنامه های مدیریت جنگل شهری در کانادا-2018
Urban food forests are woody perennial food producing species intentionally planted and managed for their food products. Research and public interest in urban food forests is increasing in Canada, yet their place in municipal urban forest management is unclear. To better understand how urban food forests intersect with current urban forest management imperatives, we analyzed urban forest management plans from 47 municipalities across Canada to discern if and how urban food forests are incorporated. Through a content analysis, we found that inclusion of urban food forests and related terms was very uneven in the management plans, with less than one third of the plans directly considering urban food forests. When food forests are mentioned in plans, common contextual themes were species diversity, food security and specific management dimensions. These findings suggest that urban food forests are only beginning to gain recognition in Canadian municipal urban forest management, particularly in cases when food trees can contribute to existing goals like increasing species di versity. To fully address all of the potential and challenges associated with urban food forests in Canada, a wider set of socio-ecological considerations is required by researchers and policy-makers.
Keywords: Urban food forest ، Urban forestry ، Urban forest management plans ، Canada ، Urban vegetation ، Food tree
مقاله انگلیسی
10 The management performance of marine protected areas in the North-east Atlantic Ocean
عملکرد مدیریت مناطق حفاظت شده دریایی درشمال شرقی اقیانوش اطلس-2017
In the North-east Atlantic Ocean there are 550 inshore and offshore MPAs established to accomplish a high diversity of objectives, which can be classified into 24 different types of MPA designations. Only 153 of these MPAs have a management plan (MgP) –the basic tool required for an effective management. Amongst these, only 66 are actually managed, i.e. they have the staff and resources required to operate the plan. A common characteristic of these MPAs is the lack of standardized indicators of their performance. In order to address this issue, an alternative approach was developed based on the assessment of management performance using the expert knowledge and perceptions of managers operating MPAs, a universal source of information that could allow overcoming the usual gaps due to the restrictions in coverage of scientific monitoring and assessments. MgPs showed differences among countries but were homogeneous within each country, reflecting the usual top down approach in the establishment of MPAs. Compliance with the qualitative objectives present in MgPs was higher than compliance with quantitative ones (87% versus 50%), and the MPAs that most successfully achieved their objectives were those with regular monitoring. This analysis also shows that beyond these objectives, the establishment of an MPA and the activities developed as a consequence of its creation have a positive socio economic impact on the local human community.
Keywords: Marine protected areas | Marine reserves | Management | Management plans | North-east Atlantic Ocean
مقاله انگلیسی
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