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The framework design and empirical study of Chinas marine ecological-economic accounting
طرح چارچوب و مطالعه تجربی از حسابداری اقتصادی زیست محیطی دریایی چین-2021 In recent years, the Chinese government has attached greater importance to marine ecological protection. To
contribute to scientific understanding of the importance of marine ecosystems to human well-being, this paper
analyzes marine ecosystem service and its accounting, and introduces the concept of “quaternary industry” on
the basis of current marine economic accounting framework. Marine ecosystem accounting, marine economic
accounting and marine ecological-economic accounting of coastal areas in China during the time series of
2005–2017 are calculated. The results show that compared with Gross Ocean Product (GOP), the average annual
growth rate of Gross Marine Ecological-Economic Product (GMEEP) stays stable. The proportion of the added
value of quaternary industry in marine ecological economy is relatively large, which is between 46% and 51%.
And the ratio of GMEEP and GOP is around 1.9, suggesting a quite close association between GMEEP and GOP. keywords: حسابداری زیست محیطی زیست محیطی دریایی | خدمات اکوسیستم دریایی | محصول ناخالص اقیانوس | Marine ecological-economic accounting | Marine ecosystem services | Gross ocean product |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Criteria for effective regional scale catchment to reef management: A case study of Australias Great Barrier Reef
معیارهای حمل و نقل موثر منطقه ای به مدیریت ریف: مطالعه موردی صخره های بزرگ مانع استرالیا-2021 Many coastal and marine ecosystems around the world are under increasing threat from a range of anthropogenic
influences. The management of these threats continues to present ongoing challenges, with many ecosystems
increasingly requiring active restoration to support or re-establish the ecosystems biological, cultural, social and
economic values. The current condition of Australias Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and its threats, including water
quality, climate change and the loss of wetlands, causing the continuing decline in the GBRs ecological condition
and function, has received global attention. Activities aimed at halting these declines and system restoration have
been underway for over forty years. These activities are challenging to implement, and much has been learnt
from their various outcomes. This paper considers the GBR and the associated management activities as a case
study for regional scale catchment to reef management. It summarises the management approaches to date,
describing the key role that science, policy and community have played in underpinning various investments.
Four criteria for success are proposed: the lead role of the community, the need for a systems approach, the need
for targeted, cost-effective and sustainable long-term investment, and importantly, building knowledge and
maintaining consensus and political commitment. keywords: سیستم های زیست محیطی | تنوع زیستی | حوضه | سواحل | اقیانوس ها | انجمن | تعمیر | انعطاف پذیری | ریف بزرگ مانع | Ecological systems | Biodiversity | Catchments | Coasts | Oceans | Community | Repair | Resilience | Great Barrier Reef |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Global assessment of marine phytoplankton primary production: Integrating machine learning and environmental accounting models
ارزیابی جهانی از تولید اولیه فیتوپلانکتون دریایی: یکپارچه سازی یادگیری ماشین و مدل های حسابداری محیطی-2021 The emergy accounting method has been widely applied to terrestrial and marine ecosystems although there is a
lack of emergy studies focusing on phytoplankton primary production. Phytoplankton production is a pivotal
process since it is intimately coupled with oceanic food webs, energy fluxes, carbon cycle, and Earth’s climate. In
this study, we proposed a new methodology to perform a biophysical assessment of the global phytoplankton
primary production combining Machine Learning (ML) techniques and an emergy-based accounting model.
Firstly, we produced global phytoplankton production estimates using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
model. Secondly, we assessed the main energy inputs supporting the global phytoplankton production. Finally,
we converted these inputs into emergy units and analysed the results from an ecological perspective. Among the
energy flows, tides showed the highest maximum emergy contribution to global phytoplankton production
highlighting the importance of thise flow in the complex dynamics of marine ecosystems. In addition, an emergy/
production ratio was calculated showing different global patterns in terms of emergy convergence into the
primary production process. We believe that the proposed emergy-based assessment of phytoplankton produc-
tion could be extremely valuable to improve our understanding of this key biological process at global scale
adopting a systems perspective. This model can also provide a useful benchmark for future assessments of marine
ecosystem services at global scale. keywords: تولید اولیه فیتوپلانکتون | اکولوژی سیستم ها | شبکه های عصبی مصنوعی | یادگیری ماشین | حسابداری امری | Phytoplankton primary production | Systems ecology | Artificial neural networks | Machine learning | Emergy accounting |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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A flexible risk assessment framework for marine plastic pollution that synthesizes waste management and ecological impact data
یک چارچوب ارزیابی ریسک انعطافپذیر برای آلودگی پلاستیکی دریایی که دادههای مدیریت زباله و اثرات زیستمحیطی را ترکیب میکند-2021 The vast quantity of plastic in the world’s ocean poses an urgent problem for marine ecosystems and coastal
communities. While considerable research has aimed to understand how plastics impact marine life, there remains a gap in connecting this knowledge with waste management practices. Because these practices often
determine the end fate of plastic items, bridging this gap is critical to reducing the flow of harmful plastics into
the ocean. The framework proposed here identifies policy actions to reduce consumption of high-impact plastics
using a compound risk score that encompasses both an item’s likelihood of entering the ocean and its negative
ecological impact. We illustrate the framework’s application using a case study of single-use plastic (SUP)
consumption at a large Canadian university. We quantified SUPs purchased over one year at the University of
British Columbia and collected data from its associated waste management system to identify factors that influence an item’s end fate. We used these data to estimate the relative risk of items exiting the recycling stream,
then combined this with published data on the items’ marine impacts to calculate their compound risk scores.
The results identify high-risk plastic items to prioritize in waste reduction strategies and lower-risk alternatives.
The results also highlight specific policy avenues to improve the efficiency of the focal waste management
system. This framework is flexible to diverse contexts, requiring only information about plastic consumption and
waste management practices. It is thus an accessible and useful tool to support local transitions toward a reduced
marine footprint.
keywords: Risk assessment Waste management | Plastic pollution | Marine debris |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
Integrating indigenous and local knowledge in management and research on coastal ecosystems in the Global South: A literature review
ادغام دانش بومی و محلی در مدیریت و تحقیقات در مورد اکوسیستم های ساحلی در جنوب جهان: بررسی ادبیات-2021 Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) is increasingly recognized as a valuable asset in sustainability science.
Knowledges of Indigenous peoples and local communities is becoming a critical tool for understanding coastal
social-ecological systems and coping with global changes. The inclusion of ILK in research and management is
key to local desirable social-ecological resilience and community-based conservation approaches, especially in
areas with accelerated landscape changes. The Global South in particular is experiencing rapid changes through
development and climate change, while harbouring many biodiversity hotspots. To synthesize the existing in-
formation and highlight still existing research gaps we conducted a systematic literature review on ILK from
coastal ecosystems in the Global South (n = 254). Our results show to which biophysical aspects and ecosystems
the knowledge is related, as well as the challenges and benefits that accompany the inclusion of ILK for man-
agement and research. Main challenges named were based on external forces, such as globalisation and market
pressure but also a lack of integration and respect in governance and management for ILK and the difficulty of
integrating ILK in today’s academic work. Many researchers showed ways to overcome such multi-scale chal-
lenges and highlighted the importance of this process due to the various benefits of ILK for management and
research. All articles reviewed named benefits in ecological (e.g. complementary knowledge production), po-
litical (e.g. support of community-based governance) or socio-cultural (e.g. maintenance of culture and liveli-
hoods) aspects for management and research. Maintaining ILK is crucial for Indigenous people and local
communities and carries insights to govern coastal ecosystems during the challenging times ahead. We conclude
that future research is needed to further develop the current position of ILK in research and management of
ecosystems, especially as global environmental changes may contribute to the acceleration of losing ILK from
coastal ecosystems in the Global South. keywords: تغییرات اقلیمی | مردم بومی و جوامع محلی | اکوسیستم های دریایی | سیستم های اجتماعی محیطی | علم پایداری | Climate change | Indigenous peoples and local communities | Marine ecosystems | Social-ecological systems | Sustainability science |
مقاله انگلیسی |
6 |
Using traits to build and explain an ecosystem model: Ecopath with Ecosim modelling of the North Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean)
استفاده از صفات برای ساخت و توضیح یک مدل اکوسیستم: Ecopath با مدل سازی Ecosim از شمال به دریای اژه (مدیترانه شرقی)-2020 The mass-balance-trophic-model Ecopath and its extension Ecopath with Ecosim is very popular for modelling marine ecosystems. In this work, a model of the marine ecosystem of the North Aegean Sea (eastern Mediter- ranean) was created, incorporating the use of biological traits in both building and explaining the model. For the former, data regarding a total of 19 biological traits concerning the biology, distribution, ecology and behavior were used for the definition of fish functional groups. Regarding model interpretation, the results were not only analyzed in the functional groups level but also regarding the composition of the resulting biological traits. In total, 41 functional groups were created for this model. Landings data and discards estimations of the year 1993 were used for the Ecopath component. Six different fisheries management scenaria, one retaining a business-as-usual (maintenance of the status quo) approach and the others investigating changes in fishing effort for the period 2018–2033 were simulated with Ecosim. The simulation results indicated a reduction of pelagic species as well as of biological characteristics associated with them. Concurrently, an increase in the biomass of deep-livingspecies and of relevant biological traits was observed. In general, no strong differences were documented among the various simulation scenarios with the exception of the species targeted by the individual fisheries whose fishing effort changed in each scenario and the associated traits. Significant findings pertain to the decrease of thermophilic traits like high optimal temperature and summer spawning in all fisheries management scenaria simulated. These could mitigate the opposite trend expected to be favored by climate change and the decrease of characteristics associated with the r-life strategy, possibly resulting in less resilient future fish communities. In addition, the negative trends of the biological traits that are anyway rare (e.g. low trophic level and small lifespan) may impact ecosystem functioning. The modelling approach used on this work could be adopted to model other marine communities (possibly also using traits for other ecosystem components) to provide interesting insights regarding anthropogenic effects on marine ecosystem functioning. Keywords: Ecosystem modeling | Traits-based approaches | Simulations | Ecosystem approach to fisheries |
مقاله انگلیسی |