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نتیجه جستجو - Mental Health

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 148
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 PGx in psychiatry: Patients knowledge, interest, and uncertainty management preferences in the context of pharmacogenomic testing
PGX در روانپزشکی: بیماران، سود و عدم اطمینان در زمینه تست های فارماکوژنیوم-2021
Objective: Pharmacogenomic testing (PGx) is expanding into psychiatric care. PGx could potentially offer a unique benefit to psychiatric patients, providing information about patients’ reaction to medications that could reduce the time and financial burdens of drug optimization. The aims of this study were to: (1) examine psychiatry patients’ familiarity and interest in PGx, and (2) explore how Uncertainty Management Theory relates to PGx testing in psychiatry.
Method: We surveyed psychiatric patients, measuring their PGx familiarity and interest, attitudes toward PGx testing, and preference for managing illness uncertainty.
Results: We analyzed data from 598 patients. Patients’ familiarity of PGx was low, but interest was high. Thirty percent of patients were familiar with the test from communication with their healthcare provider or their own online health information seeking. A preference for seeking information was a significant positive predictor of testing interest (p < .001).
Conclusion: Psychiatric patients were interested in PGx testing, regardless of their uncertainty management preferences.
Practice implications: This study is one of the first to examine psychiatric patients’ perspectives on PGx testing in mental health care. Our findings show that psychiatric patients are interested in the test and are familiar enough with PGx to be included in future research on the topic.
keywords: فارماکوژنومیک | عدم قطعیت | روانپزشکی | آزمایش ژنتیک | نظریه مدیریت عدم قطعیت | Pharmacogenomics | Uncertainty | Psychiatry | Genetic testing | Uncertainty Management Theory
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Mindfulness mediates the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and resilience in higher education students
ذهن آگاهی واسطه ارتباط بین ارزیابی مجدد شناختی و انعطاف پذیری در دانش آموزان آموزش عالی-2020
Background: : associations between the constructs of cognitive reappraisal and resilience, in particular within the context of higher education (HE), have been consistently reported. Moreover, both constructs are strongly and positively associated with mindfulness, meaning that higher levels of mindfulness are found in people who are better at reappraising emotions and being resilient. However, no investigation has so far clarified the role that may mindfulness play in the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and resilience, especially within populations where a strong effect, such as for university students, is already evident. Aims: : the present study tested the hypothesis that mindfulness plays a mediational role in the association between cognitive reappraisal and psychological resilience. Sample: : this study involved a sample of 811 students enrolled at universities within the UK. Results: : the data confirmed the strong relationship between cognitive reappraisal and resilience, as well as each constructs individual association with mindfulness. In addition, mindfulness was a significant mediator of the relationship between cognitive appraisal and resilience, thus corroborating the studys main hypothesis. Conclusions: : as the concern around students’ mental health grows bigger worldwide, these findings suggest that implementing mindfulness training programmes within HE should be given increasing consideration in the future.
Keywords: Mindfulness | Emotion regulation | Cognitive reappraisal | Resilience | University students, Higher education
مقاله انگلیسی
3 The link between mental health, crime and violence
پیوند بین سلامت روان ، جرم و خشونت-2020
Research investigating the link between mental health, crime and violence often rely on populations that are at a high-risk of violent and criminal behaviour, such as prison inmates and psychiatric patients. As a result of this selection bias, the relationship between mental health, criminal and violent behaviour is significantly overestimated, with mental health being incorrectly linked with violent and criminal behaviours. This study examines the relationship between mental health, violence and crime in a more representative community-based sample. One hundred and twenty-one individuals with and without a mental health disorder reported their involvement in crime and completed an aggression questionnaire. The results revealed that there is no statistically significant difference in terms of violence and crime involvement between individuals with a mental health diagnosis and those without. Moreover, the study did not find any statistically significant associations between specific mental health disorders and specific crime offences. The findings suggest that certain mental health disorders do not strongly contribute to crime violence and involvement. Limitations and implications are discussed in detail.
Keywords: Mental health | Crime | Violence | Aggression
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Predictors of Traumatic Suicide Attempts in Youth Presenting to Hospitals with Level I Trauma Centers
پیش بینی اقدام به خودکشی آسیب زا در جوانان مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان های مراکز ترومای سطح یک-2020
Background: Limited research exists examining the predictors of suicide attempts by mechanism. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of traumatic suicide attempts in youth. Methods: Data came from patients 5–18 years of age presenting because of a suicide attempt at 2 hospitals in Central Texas with level I trauma centers. Univariate logistic regression examined the association between traumatic suicide attempts and variables describing the patient’s demographic, mental health, and social information. We used the Mann–Whitney U test to examine the association between traumatic suicide attempts and the continuous variable of age. Results: Of 231 patients included in this study, most were female (75.8%), non-Hispanic white (48.1%), and had a median age of 15.0 years (interquartile range 14–16). Compared with patients presenting because of an intentional overdose, patients presenting because of traumatic suicide attempts were associated with a reported criminal history (odds ratio [OR] 14.50 [95% confidence interval {CI} 3.84–54.82]), reported Child Protective Services history (OR 3.26 [95% CI 0.99– 10.77]), being publicly insured or uninsured (OR 1.80 [95% CI 1.02–3.19]), male (OR 2.37 [95% CI 1.28–4.38]), and identifying as Hispanic (OR 2.01 [95% CI 1.10–3.68). Conclusions: Our findings inform targeted preventative resources and education efforts to populations of greatest need.
Keywords: emergency department | suicide attempt | trauma center | traumatic suicide attempt | youth
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Evaluating the implementation of a prisoner re-entry initiative for individuals with opioid use and mental health disorders: Application of the consolidated framework for implementation research in a cross-system initiative
ارزیابی اجرای ابتکار ورود مجدد زندانی برای افراد دارای مصرف مواد افیونی و اختلالات سلامت روانی: استفاده از چارچوب تلفیقی برای تحقیقات پیاده سازی در یک ابتکار عمل متقابل-2020
Given the interrelated nature of opioid use, criminal justice interaction, and mental health issues, the current opioid crisis has created an urgent need for treatment, including medication assisted treatment, among justiceinvolved populations. Implementation research plays an important role in improving systems of care and integration of evidence-based practices within and outside of criminal justice institutions. The current study is a formative qualitative evaluation of the implementation of a cross-system (corrections and community-based) opioid use treatment initiative supported by Opioid State Targeted Response (STR) funding. The purpose of the study is to assess the fit of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to a cross-system initiative, and to identify key barriers and facilitators to implementation. The process evaluation showed that adaptability of the clinical model and staff flexibility were critical to implementation. Cultural and procedural differences across correctional facilities and community-based treatment programs required frequent and structured forums for cross-system communication. Challenges related to recruitment and enrollment, staffing, MAT, and data collection were addressed through the collaborative development and continuous review of policies and procedures. This study found CFIR to be a useful framework for understanding implementation uptake and barriers. The framework was particularly valuable in reinforcing the use of implementation research as a means for continuous process improvement. CFIR is a comprehensive and flexible framework that may be adopted in future cross-system evaluations.
Keywords: Opioids | Medication assisted treatment | Implementation research | Criminal justice | Co-occurring disorders
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Comparing views on civil commitment for drug misuse and for mental illness among persons with opioid use disorder
مقایسه دیدگاه ها در مورد تعهد مدنی برای سو مصرف مواد و بیماری روانی در بین افراد مبتلا به اختلال استفاده از مواد افیونی-2020
Despite the growing use of civil commitment for drug use disorders, little is known about attitudes among individuals who might be subject to civil commitment. This study examined attitudes of persons with opioid use disorder toward civil commitment for drug misuse and for psychiatric illness. Consecutive persons entering a brief, inpatient opioid detoxification (n = 254) were surveyed regarding their attitudes about civil commitment for mental illness and for drug use, and responses were compared by commitment type and by individual history of being civilly committed for opioid misuse. Participants endorsed high support for civil commitment (both psychiatric and drug misuse-related) when used to address risk of harm to self, to others, and of criminal activity. Respondents were more likely to support civil commitment for psychiatric disorders than for drug misuse, expressing higher support for civil commitment in general, higher agreement with the criteria used to justify civil commitment, and greater perceived efficacy of commitment. Individuals previously committed for opioid misuse were less likely to support drug misuserelated commitment on the basis of its perceived efficacy. These results suggest individuals with opioid use disorder hold more favorable views toward civil commitment for mental health disorders than for drug misuse, and reinforce the need for more research on the procedures and outcomes related to civil commitment for drug misuse.
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Gender-specific participation and outcomes among jail diversion clients with co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders
مشارکت و نتایج خاص جنسیت در میان انحراف مراجعه کنندگان به زندان با مصرف همزمان مواد و اختلالات سلامت روان-2020
Men and women with co-occurring substance use disorders and mental illness are at relatively high risk for becoming involved in the criminal justice system. Programs, such as post-booking jail diversion, aim to connect these individuals to community-based treatment services in lieu of pursuing criminal prosecution. Gender ap- pears to have an important influence on risk factors and pathways through the criminal justice system, which in turn may influence how interventions like jail diversion work to engage men and women in treatment services and reduce recidivism. Different circumstances, levels of engagement, and outcomes by gender may be related to both person-level characteristics and external factors such as availability of gender-specific services and re- sources. This mixed-methods study identified specific ways in which men and women use services and reoffend after being diverted, and complemented those findings with in-depth insights from program clinicians about how program experiences and resources differ in important ways by gender. We matched and merged administrative records from 2007 to 2009 for 16,233 adults from several state agencies in Connecticut, and included data on demographic characteristics, clinical diagnoses, outpatient and inpatient behavioral health treatment utilization, arrest, and incarceration. Using propensity analysis, the 1693 men and women who participated in the statewide jail diversion program were matched to respective comparison groups of nondiverted men and women. We used longitudinal multivariable regression analyses to estimate the effects of jail diversion participation on treatment utilization, arrest, and incarceration, separately for men and women. We conducted three focus groups with jail diversion clinicians from around the state (n = 21) to gain in-depth insight from them about how circumstances, program experiences, and resources differ by gender in important ways; these subjective clinician insightscomplement the quantitative analyses of diversion outcomes for men and women. For both men and women, diversion was associated with reductions in risk for incarceration and increases in utilization of outpatient treatment services. For men only, diversion was associated with higher utilization of inpatient mental health care. No differences in treatment or criminal justice outcomes were observed in models that compared men and women directly. Major themes from the focus groups included: the existence of too few inpatient and residential resources for women with co-occurring disorders; different challenges to treatment engagement that men and women face; and a need for more effective, gender-specific services for all program participants. Results from this mixed-methods study offer information on gender-specific program outcomes and surrounding circum- stances that can help programs to better understand and address unique risks and needs for men and women with co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders who are involved in the criminal justice system.
Keywords: Substance use disorders | Mental illness | Co-occurring disorders | Jail diversion | Gender
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Nursing in the American Justice System
پرستاری در سیستم عدالت آمریکا-2020
Efforts to provide humane care for the mentally ill has led to growth of more suitable services in community-based settings, yet resources are insufficient to meet the needs of mentally ill who interface with the criminal justice system. The resulting collateral damage has created a pathway to prison for massive numbers of impaired individuals, and the inhumane warehousing of thousands of mentally ill people is reminiscent of a century ago. The criminal justice system was never intended to be a safety net for the public mental health system. While advances in expanding the role of the nurse in the healthcare system have shifted because of efforts by nursing’s response to the 2010 Institute of Medicine report, the challenges for correctional/ custody nursing have not been adequately articulated. This paper seeks to enhance awareness of Correctional Nursing through a discussion of challenges posed to nurses who work at the intersection of justice and public health in prisons, jails, detention centers and community supervision in this response to the Future of Nursing report.
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Evaluating the potential of Estonia as European REE recycling capital via an environmental social governance risks assessment model
ارزیابی پتانسیل استونی به عنوان سرمایه بازیافت REE اروپا از طریق مدل ارزیابی ریسک حاکمیت اجتماعی زیست محیطی-2020
The rare earth elements (REEs) are cornerstone metals of modern society and are used in many applications. Europe is dependant on other continents for the safe supply of rare earth elements as these are to date not mined in Europe. In order to circumvent the shortage of supply, the rare earth elements recycling, especially from End- of-Life (EoL) products are imperative. This article evaluated the feasibility of Estonia as viable REEs recycling hub in Europe via an environmental, social and governance risks evaluation model. The model assessed the pros and cons of Estonia`s environmental, social and governance indicators, and concluded that Estonia is very suitable for the establishment of REEs recycling industry. The environmental indicators showed continuous improvement in environmental health. The Estonian education system is of excellent quality and has produced a highly skilled workforce over the past years. The country’s economic indicators are good, management is transparent and business opportunities are diverse. The environmental, social and governance situations show that Estonia mostly meets the prerequisites for the establishment of a rare earth element recycling industry. The existence of such business will increase the quality of the labour force and economic growth in the long term.
Keywords: Critical raw material | ESG | REE | Recycling
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Stakeholders’ perspective on mental health laws in Pakistan: A mixed method study
دیدگاه ذینفعان در مورد قوانین سلامت روان در پاکستان: مطالعه با روش ترکیبی-2020
The present study explored awareness and opinions pertaining to mental health legislation in Pakistan in the context of the United Nation Convention on Rights of People with Disabilities (UNCRPD) through a mixed method research design. In the quantitative arm of the study, a structured questionnaire examined awareness and opinions of key stakeholders pertaining to national mental health legislation. In the qualitative arm, face-to-face interviews further elaborated stakeholders perspectives pertaining to these topics with thematic analysis conducted. Stakeholders demonstrated a good awareness of legislation pertaining to guardianship (83.0%) appointment of property managers (89.7%) and salary or pension entitlements (89.2%). Compared to other stakeholders, patients had less understanding of processes pertaining to involuntary admission (χ2 = 20.54, p = 0.02) and appointing a guardian (χ2 = 34.67, p < 0.01). High consensus across stakeholders was noted for processes of involuntary detention (83.5%) and appointment of guardians or property managers (80.0%) albeit patients demonstrated less agreement on these topics (p <0.01). Minimal support was noted for an involuntary patient to be discharged solely on a psychiatrist’s recommendation (25.4%). Thematic analysis indicated fifteen emergent themes: 1) Alienation/ Seclusion; 2) Capacity building; 3) Communication Gap; 4) Conflict of interests; 5) Discomfort at hospital; 6) Economic burden; 7) Government’s liability; 8) Family involvement; 9) Imbalance; 10) Acceptance of Legal Incapacity; 11) Legal reforms; 12) Patient centredenvironment; 13) Quality assurance; 14) Under developed infrastructure and 15) Potential unethical practices. This study advocates for increased patient involvement in collaborative decision making with mental health professionals and the creation of more appropriate inpatient treatment environments.
مقاله انگلیسی
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