با سلام خدمت کاربران در صورتی که با خطای سیستم پرداخت بانکی مواجه شدید از طریق کارت به کارت (6037997535328901 بانک ملی ناصر خنجری ) مقاله خود را دریافت کنید (تا مشکل رفع گردد).
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The behavioural causes of bullwhip effect in supply chains: A systematic literature review
علل رفتاری اثر گاو نر در زنجیره های تأمین: یک بررسی ادبیات سیستماتیک-2021 The bullwhip effect, also known as demand information amplification, is one of the principal obstacles in supply chains. In recent decades, extensive studies have explored its operational causes and have proposed corresponding solutions in the context of production inventory and supply chain systems. However, the underlying assumption of these studies is that human decision-making is always rational. Yet, this is not always the case, and an increasing number of recent studies have argued that behavioural and psychological factors play a key role in generating the bullwhip effect in real-world supply chains. Given the prevalence of such research, the main objective of this study is to provide a systematic literature review on the bullwhip effect from the behavioural operations perspective. Using databases, including Scopus, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar and Science Direct, we selected, summarised and analysed 53 academic studies. We find that most studies build their models and simulations based on the ‘beer distribution game’ and analyse the results at the individual level. We alsodemonstrate the importance of studying human factors in the bullwhip effect through adapting Sterman’sdouble-loop learning model. Based on this model, we categorise and analyse the behavioural factors that have been studied and identify the explored behavioural factors for future research. Based on our findings, we suggest that future studies could consider social and cultural influences on decision-making in studying the bullwhip effect. In addition, further aspects of human mental models that cause this effect can be explored. Keywords: Bullwhip effect | Behavioural causes | Systematic review | Cognitive psychology | Supply chains |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Weaving seams with data: Conceptualizing City APIs as elements of infrastructures
بافتن با داده ها: اندیشه سازی رابط های برنامه های کاربردی (API) شهری به عنوان عناصر زیرساخت-2019 This article addresses the role of application programming interfaces (APIs) for integrating data sources in the context of
smart cities and communities. On top of the built infrastructures in cities, application programming interfaces allow to
weave new kinds of seams from static and dynamic data sources into the urban fabric. Contributing to debates about
‘‘urban informatics’’ and the governance of urban information infrastructures, this article provides a technically informed
and critically grounded approach to evaluating APIs as crucial but often overlooked elements within these infrastructures.
The conceptualization of what we term City APIs is informed by three perspectives: In the first part, we review
established criticisms of proprietary social media APIs and their crucial function in current web architectures. In the
second part, we discuss how the design process of APIs defines conventions of data exchanges that also reflect negotiations between API producers and API consumers about affordances and mental models of the underlying computer
systems involved. In the third part, we present recent urban data innovation initiatives, especially CitySDK and
OrganiCity, to underline the centrality of API design and governance for new kinds of civic and commercial services
developed within and for cities. By bridging the fields of criticism, design, and implementation, we argue that City APIs as
elements of infrastructures reveal how urban renewal processes become crucial sites of socio-political contestation
between data science, technological development, urban management, and civic participation.
Keywords: Application Programming Interface (API) | infrastructure | Internet of Things (IoT) | interface design | social urban data | smart city |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Complexity, uncertainty and mental models: From a paradigm of regulation to a paradigm of emergence in project management
پیچیدگی، عدم قطعیت و مدلهای ذهنی: از یک الگوی تنظیم به یک الگوی پیدایش در مدیریت پروژه-2018 In project management research, it is acknowledged that two perspectives on project performance must be considered: project efficiency (delivering efficient outputs) and project success (delivering beneficial outcomes). The first perspective is embedded in a deterministic paradigm of project management, while the second appears more naturally connected to the emerging non-deterministic paradigm. Complexity and uncertainty are key constructs frequently associated with the non-deterministic paradigm. This conceptual paper suggests that these two concepts could very well explain and define particularities of both paradigms, and seeks to articulate both perspectives in a contingent model.
First, the constructs of complexity and uncertainty are clarified. Second, the role of project managers mental models in managerial decision-making is considered. In the third part of this article, we propose a theoretical model suggesting that project managers should consider contingent variables to differentiate managerial conditions of regulation from managerial conditions of emergence.
keywords: Complexity |Uncertainty |Mental models |Systems |Project Management |Performance |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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OpenMP Parallelization of a Gridded SWAT (SWATG)
OpenMP Parallelization of a Gridded SWAT (SWATG)-2017 Large-scale, long-term and high spatial resolution simulation is a common issue
in environmental modeling. A Gridded Hydrologic Response Unit (HRU)-based Soil
and Water Assessment Tool (SWATG) that integrates grid modeling scheme with
different spatial representations also presents such problems. The time-consuming
problem affects applications of very high resolution large-scale watershed modeling.
The OpenMP (Open Multi-Processing) parallel application interface is integrated with
SWATG (called SWATGP) to accelerate grid modeling based on the HRU level. Such
parallel implementation takes better advantage of the computational power of a shared
memory computer system. We conducted two experiments at multiple temporal and
spatial scales of hydrological modeling using SWATG and SWATGP on a high-end
server. At 500-m resolution, SWATGP was found to be up to nine times faster than
SWATG in modeling over a roughly 2,000 km2 watershed with 1 CPU and a 15 thread
configuration. The study results demonstrate that parallel models save considerable
time relative to traditional sequential simulation runs. Parallel computations of
environmental models are beneficial for model applications, especially at large spatial
and temporal scales and at high resolutions. The proposed SWATGP model is thus a
promising tool for large-scale and high-resolution water resources research and
management in addition to offering data fusion and model coupling ability.
Keywords: grid | parallel | SWAT | hydrological model | OpenMP |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Using quantitative influence diagrams to map natural resource managers’ mental models of invasive species management
با استفاده از نمودارهای کمی نفوذ به نقشه مدل های ذهنی مدیران منابع طبیعی مدیریت گونه های مهاجم-2016 Despite the significant effect that invasive species have on natural values, the number and extent of
invasions continue to rise globally. At least three dominant reasons explain why policy development
and implementation can fail: differences in managers’ mental models of invasive species management;
cross-agency responsibility; and poor planning and management (i.e., planning–implementation gap).
We used a case study of cross-agency management of gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus) in Australia to
explore the differences in organizational staffs’ mental models of management. The gamba grass invasion
in northern Australia is continuing to expand and associated effects are increasing; coordinated action
across agencies is needed to manage the expansion. Our aim was to examine how staff would represent
their mental models as a diagram that we could compare between individuals and groups. We used cognitive mapping techniques to elicit models of 15 individuals from across 5 organizations, represented as
an influence diagram, which shows the interrelationships that define a system. We compiled the individual influence diagrams to create a team model of management that captures the common connections
across participants’ diagrams. The team model revealed that education, science, legislation, enforcement
and property management plans were perceived to be the most important management tools to control
or eradicate gamba grass. The Weed Management Branch was perceived to have the most central role
in gamba grass management, while other organizations were perceived to have specific roles according
to their core business. Significant positive correlations (i.e., shared perceptions) were observed across
half of the participants, indicating that the some participants have shared models that could be used as a
starting point for discussing the team model, clarifying roles and responsibilities, and potentially building
consensus around a shared model. Dominant opportunities for improvement identified by participants
were better use of management tools, namely education and enforcement, better coordination and collaboration between agencies and increased resourcing. Our research demonstrates the value and validity
of using influence diagrams to explore managers’ mental models and to create a team model that could
serve as a starting point for improved cross-agency natural resource management.
Keywords: Australia | Influence diagrams | Mental models | Weeds | Invasive species management | Perceptions | Social science |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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عامل دار کردن نانولوله کربنی و کاربرد ان در دارو سازی: مرور
سال انتشار: 2015 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 18 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 43 در این مقاله به بررسی تاریخچه پیشرفت و کاربرد نانولوله کربنی در دارو سازی می پردازیم. در ابتدا یک تاریخچه مختصر درباره نانولوله کربنی انجام میدهیم و سپس زمینه های کاربرد انها در عصر حاضر را بیان می کنیم. سپس به اصلاح سطح نانولوله کربنی می پردازیم تا برای استفاده در داروسازی مناسب تر شود. یک مثال رایج از کاربرد نانولوله، شامل نفوذ در سلول، انتقال دارو، انتقال ژن و تصویر برداری است. در این زمان، سرطان اثرات مخربی در سلامت انسان دارد. شواهد حاکی از وجود اثرات سمیت نانولوله کربنی در نمونه های ازمایشگاهی است. با وجود این، نانولوله کربنی تنها عضو از خانواده نیست بلکه این گروه دارای زیر مجموعه بزرگی است که در کارهای بیولوژیک کاربرد دارد. نحوه اتصال نانولوله کربنی برای سلامتی متفاوت است. در این رساله درباره ساختار سمیت نانولوله کربنی بحث می کنیم. در این رساله تعدادی از کاربرد های اخیر نانولوله کربنی در داروسازی را از سال 1991 تا سال2015 بررسی می کنیم.
کلمات کلیدی: نانولوله های کربنی | تحویل دارو | عامل سازی | نانوموادین | اصلاح سطح |
مقاله ترجمه شده |