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Diurnal emotions, valence and the coronavirus lockdown analysis in public spaces
احساسات روزانه ، ظرفیت و تجزیه و تحلیل قرنطینه کرونا در فضاهای عمومی-2021 A large-scale analysis of diurnal and seasonal mood cycles in global social networks has been performed successfully over the past ten years using Twitter, Facebook and blogs. This study describes the application of remote biometric technologies to such investigations on a large scale for the first time. The performance of this research was under real conditions producing results that conform to natural human diurnal and seasonal rhythm patterns. The derived results of this, 208 million data research on diurnal emotions, valence and facial temperature correlate with the results of an analogical Twitter research performed worldwide (UK, Australia, US, Canada, Latin America, North America, Europe, Oceania, and Asia). It is established that diurnal valence and sadness were correlated with one another both prior to and during the period of the coronavirus crisis, and that there are statistically significant relationships between the values of diurnal happiness, sadness, valence and facial temperature and the numbers of their data. Results from the simulation and formal comparisons appear in this article. Additionally the analyses on the COVID-19 screening, diagnosing, monitoring and analyzing by applying biometric and AI technologies are described in Housing COVID-19 Video Neuroanalytics. Keywords: Diurnal emotions | Valence and facial temperature | COVID-19 | Public spaces | Remote biometric technologies | Large-scale data analysis | Worldwide comparisons |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
How is emotion associated with driving speed? A study on taxi drivers in Japan
چگونه احساسات با سرعت رانندگی ارتباط دارد؟ بررسی رانندگان تاکسی در ژاپن-2021 Drivers’ emotions significantly affect their driving performance and thus are related to driving safety issues. The objective of this study is to examine how taxi drivers’ on-duty emotional states are associated with their driving speed in real driving situations. An experiment was conducted among 15 taxi drivers in Hiroshima, Japan for 15 consecutive days in 2019. A biometric device was used to track drivers’ emotional states while on duty; the five examined states included happy, angry, relaxed, sad, and neutral. Random effects panel regression results revealed that negative emotions of taxi drivers (angry and sad) have significant impacts on increasing driving speed. In contrast, a neutral emotional state is related with decreased speed, while happy and relaxed emotional states show no significant impact. Moreover, we found that factors such as driving with customers, driving long hours, and number of break hours are significantly associated with driving speed. This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the roles that emotional states play in explaining driving speed in real-life driving situations, in contrast to studies that use simulated driving or mood induction procedures.© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CCBY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Keywords: Emotion | Driving | Biometric device | Taxi | Japan |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
The synthetic cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-PICA: A case series
کانابینوئید مصنوعی 5F-MDMB-PICA: یک سری مورد-2020 5F-MDMB-PICA has been detected in products sold on the internet as well as in biological samples since
2016. It is associated with serious adverse health and behavioral effects and even death.
Herein we report on twelve cases with proven 5F-MDMB-PICA consumption, including three fatalities,
four cases of driving under the influence of drugs and five other criminal acts. In these cases, 5F-MDMBPICA
was detected in postmortem blood or serum. Concentrations ranged from 0.1–16 ng/mL. In some
blood (serum) and urine samples, the hydrolysis metabolite of 5F-MDMB-PICA (M12) could also be
detected. In this case series, co-consumption with other drugs occurred in 9 of 12 cases, most commonly alcohol,
cannabis and other contemporary SCs. In five cases, 4F-MDMB-BINACA was also detected.
The described cases demonstrate various adverse effects that might be associated with 5F-MDMBPICA.
Observed physical adverse effects were mainly balance deficiencies and ocular effects such as
reddened conjunctivae, glassy eyes and delayed or unresponsive pupil light reactions. Observed mental
and behavioral effects were mainly changing moods, aggression, confusion, erratic behavior, mental
leaps, disorientation, slowed reaction, logorrhea and slurred speech.
Due to the fast changing market of synthetic cannabinoids, data on such new appearing substances are
basically scarce. Because of the limited number of studies on pharmacological properties of synthetic
cannabinoids, reports of findings in human samples along with corresponding case history descriptions
can be valuable for the interpretation of upcoming routine cases. Keywords: 5F-MDMB-PICA | Intoxication | Synthetic cannabinoids | DUID | Post mortem | High resolution mass spectrometry |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
The Negative Affect of Protracted Opioid Abstinence: Progress and Perspectives From Rodent Models
تأثیر منفی پرهیز از مصرف مواد افیونی طولانی: پیشرفت و چشم انداز مدل های جوندگان-2020 Opioid use disorder (OUD) is characterized by the development of a negative emotional state that develops after a
history of long-term exposure to opioids. OUD represents a true challenge for treatment and relapse prevention.
Human research has amply documented emotional disruption in individuals with an opioid substance use disorder, at
both behavioral and brain activity levels; however, brain mechanisms underlying this particular facet of OUD are only
partially understood. Animal research has been instrumental in elucidating genes and circuits that adapt to long-term
opioid use or are modified by acute withdrawal, but research on long-term consequences of opioid exposure and their
relevance to the negative affect of OUD remains scarce. In this article, we review the literature with a focus on two
questions: 1) Do we have behavioral models in rodents, and what do they tell us? and 2) What do we know about the
neuronal populations involved? Behavioral rodent models have successfully recapitulated behavioral signs of the
OUD-related negative affect, and several neurotransmitter systems were identified (i.e., serotonin, dynorphin,
corticotropin-releasing factor, oxytocin). Circuit mechanisms driving the negative mood of prolonged abstinence
likely involve the 5 main reward–aversion brain centers (i.e., nucleus accumbens, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis,
amygdala, habenula, and raphe nucleus), all of which express mu opioid receptors and directly respond to opioids.
Future work will identify the nature of these mu opioid receptor–expressing neurons throughout reward–aversion
networks, characterize their adapted phenotype in opioid abstinent animals, and hopefully position these primary
events in the broader picture of mu opioid receptor–associated brain aversion networks. Keywords: Mood | Mu opioid receptor (MOR) | Neural circuits | Opioid use disorder (OUD) | Opioid withdrawal | Rodent behavior |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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The role of cognitive functioning in predicting restoration among criminal defendants committed for inpatient restoration of competence to stand trial
نقش عملکرد شناختی در پیش بینی ترمیم در بین متهمان جنایی مرتکب برای اعاده صلاحیت بستری برای محاکمه-2020 In the United States, the due process and equal protection clauses of the 14th Amendment require that criminal defendants found incompetent to stand trial be committed for competency restoration only for such a time considered to be reasonable to achieve this aim. Adherence to these protections requires that forensic clinicians have the capacity to accurately identify defendants unlikely to be restored and to provide evidence-based estimates regarding anticipated restoration timelines. The present study examines restoration rates in a large sample (N = 492) of incompetent male defendants consecutively admitted for inpatient competency restoration between 2013 and 2017. Expanding on prior research suggesting that shared cognitive deficits might underlie impaired competency-related abilities across diverse psychiatric illnesses, the predictive classification accuracy of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) on restoration was examined. Results showed that 90.4% of all defendants were restored in an average of 90.5 days and that restoration rates differed across psychiatric classification, such that patients with mood and psychotic disorders were more likely to be restored whereas those with intellectual disabilities and neurocognitive disorders were less likely. The MMSE was associated with restoration outcomes, such that over 90% of patients with no or mild cognitive impairment were restored compared to 68% of patients with severe cognitive impairment. Multivariable logistic regression showed that each one-point decrease on the MMSE total score was associated with a 19.7% (p < .001)increased odds of restoration failure and the MMSE total score produced an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.767. The MMSE appears to provide a brief, reliable screening instrument to quantify the presence and severity of cognitive impairment underlying a range of serious psychiatric illness that is capable of discriminating defendants based upon their likelihood of being restored in a reasonable amount of time with a moderate degree of accuracy. |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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A literature review and meta-analysis on the effects of ADHD medications on functional outcomes
بررسی ادبیات و متاآنالیز در مورد تأثیر داروهای ADHD بر نتایج عملکردی-2020 Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature from large databases and registries to
assess the effects of ADHD medication on associated functional outcomes.
Study design: A literature search was performed in PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Web of Science for articles
published prior to January 2019. Sample size, age range, country of origin, medication type, number of functional
events and non-events, odds ratios and hazard ratios, and means and standard deviations were extracted.
Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for 21 studies examining functional outcomes.
Results: 40 articles were included. The majority suggest a robust protective effect of ADHD medication treatment
on mood disorders, suicidality, criminality, substance use disorders, accidents and injuries, traumatic brain
injuries, motor vehicle crashes, and educational outcomes. Similarly, the meta-analyses demonstrated a protective
effect of medication treatment on academic outcomes, accidents and injuries, and mood disorders.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that ADHD medication treatments are associated with decreases in the risks
for a wide range of ADHD-associated functional outcomes supporting efforts aimed at early diagnosis and
treatment of individuals with ADHD. Keywords: ADHD | Stimulants | Functional outcomes | Medication adherence |
مقاله انگلیسی |
7 |
Real time Robust Invisible Hyperlinks in Physical Photographs Based on Embodied AI Platform
پیوندهای غیرقابل مشاهده قوی در زمان واقعی در عکسهای فیزیکی مبتنی بر چارچوب هوش مصنوعی تجسم یافته-2020 Quick Response (QR) Code plays an important role in
connecting the physical world where we live in and the
digital world that contains information. However, the
pictures made up of black and white color blocks really
affect people’s moods. This paper designs a visual
appealing two-dimensional code to help people access
information from offline to online. A Deep Neural Network
(DNN) based encoder hides information into natural
images and a DNN based decoder recover???? it. A novel
finder pattern is designed to help the decoding device to
locate our codes quickly. We design a decoding device. It
consists of an AI chip, camera, and LCD screen. The
information is invisible in our generated hidden images but
detectable by our device. With the help of powerful edge
computing, the device can recover the hidden information
from the pictures in real time. Keywords: Information Hiding and Recovery | Generative Adversarial Network | Edge Computing |
مقاله انگلیسی |
8 |
Prevalence of mental disorders among all justice-involved: A populationlevel study in Canada
شیوع اختلالات روانی در بین کلیه افراد مرتبط با عدالت: یک مطالعه عاملی در کانادا-2020 More than 10 million people are imprisoned around the world, with many more who encounter the justice
system. However, most studies examining the mental health burden in the justice system have examined only
incarcerated individuals, with few looking at both criminal offending and victimization at the population-level.
This study aimed to describe the population-level prevalence of mental disorders among the entirety of justiceinvolved
individuals in a Canadian sample. The study was conducted using linked health and justice administrative
data for all residents of Manitoba, Canada ages 18–64 between April 1, 2007 and March 31, 2012. All
justice involvement (crime accusations and victimizations) and inpatient and outpatient mental disorder diagnoses
(mood/anxiety, substance use, psychotic, personality disorders and suicidal behavior) were retrieved.
Five-year age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of mental disorders and suicidal behaviour among those with any
crime accusation and any victimization were compared to the general population of Manitoba. The study found
that age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of any mental disorder was significantly higher among both adults accused
of a crime and those victimized (38.9% and 38.6%, respectively) compared to the general population (26.1%).
Rate ratios for specific mental disorders and suicidal behaviour were 1.4–3.6 among those accused of a crime,
and 1.4–3.7 among those who were victims, compared to the general population. These findings highlight the
need for urgent and expanded attention to this intersection of vulnerability. Victimization is especially an area of
justice-related health that requires more attention. Keywords: Justice system | Victim | Administrative data | Mental disorders |
مقاله انگلیسی |
9 |
Medical malpractice liability and its consequences: A survey among AEU urologists
مسئولیت قصور پزشکی و پیامدهای آن: یک نظرسنجی در میان متخصصان اورولوژی AEU-2020 Introduction: Urology is a specialty of medium risk of claim. Receiving a claim for medical
professional liability is a stressful experience with significant repercussions. The objective of
this study was to assess the impact of these claims on Spanish urologists.
Methodology: A survey on medical professional liability in urology was designed. The Spanish
Association of Urology and the Urological Research Foundation approved the questionnaire,
generated by the PIEM online tool.
Results: The total number of responses obtained was 202 (11.6% rate), of which 25.24% reported
having been claimed, 88% reported mood changes after being claimed, 100% in criminal proceedings.
The level of emotional involvement reported was the highest at the beginning of the
process and progressively decreasing until its resolution. An affected doctor---patient relationship
was considered in 67.9% of cases and 71.4% acknowledged increased defensive medicine
in their professional practice. A percentage of 6.7% considered leaving the profession.
Discussion: The response rate obtained and the medical acts motivating the claims were comparable
to those obtained in a similar survey conducted in the United States. The fact that claims
are perceived as very stressful situations and may give rise to the phenomenon of the second victim
or to the clinical judicial syndrome is clear, so efforts should be devoted to develop training
in this matter and programs that address the consequences derived from these situations. KEYWORDS : Urology | Claims | Patient safety | Standard of care | Medical professional | liability |
مقاله انگلیسی |
10 |
MoodleREC: A recommendation system for creating courses using the moodle e-learning platform
MoodleREC: یک سیستم پیشنهادی برای ایجاد دوره ها با استفاده از بستر یادگیری الکترونیکی moodle-2019 The field of education has never been indifferent to the new technologies, and eventually to the Internet.
Technology-Enhanced Learning, progressively, has grown to be the area for research and practice on the
application of information and communication technologies to teaching and learning. In particular for the
teaching activity, the numerous standard compliant Learning Object Repositories available via the Internet, and
Open Educational Resources repositories, provide formidable support to teachers when they need to develop a
course that can also make use of already available learning materials. The search and selection of Learning
Objects, however, can be an inherently complex operation involving accessing various repositories, each
potentially involving different software tools, and different organization and specification formats for the
learning resources. This complexity may hinder the very success of an e-learning course. Cross-repository
aggregators, i.e., systems that can roam through different repositories to satisfy the user’s/teacher’s query,
can help to reduce such complexity, although problems of course delivery may remain. This paper proposes a
hybrid recommender system, MoodleRec, implemented as a plug-in of the Moodle Learning Management System.
MoodleRec can sort through a set of supported standard compliant Learning Object Repositories, and suggest a
ranked list of Learning Objects following a simple keyword-based query. The various recommendation strategies
operate on two levels. First, a ranked list of Learning Objects is created, ordered by their correspondence to the
query, and by their quality, as indicated by the repository of origin. Social generated features are then used to
show the teacher how the Learning Objects listed have been exploited in other courses. A real life experimental
study is also presented, and the validity of the MoodleRec approach discussed. Keywords: Recommender systems | E-learning | Learning object | Learning object repository |
مقاله انگلیسی |