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1 |
Factors that account for the wealth inequality differences between post-socialist countries
عوامل موثر بر تفاوت های نابرابری ثروت بین کشورهای پس از سوسیالیستی-2021 In general, there are significant cross-country differences in wealth inequality. Recent research has documented
that household socio-economic characteristics do not explain these differences across advanced economies. Thus,
this study is the first to examine the determinants of such disparities in wealth inequality between five postsocialist emerging markets of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Based on the findings, the differences in
homeownership rates accounted for up to 42% of the cross-country disparities in wealth inequality (when
measured with the Gini index) and for as much as 63%–109% of wealth inequalities in the bottom part of the
distribution. However, our results are not sensitive to the significant underestimation of top wealth values
observed in household survey data. We argue that the differences in homeownership rates among the CEE
countries are related, among others, to varying government support for mortgage loans before the global financial
crisis (2003–2007) and the degree of government help for indebted households after the crisis.
keywords: نابرابری ثروت | تجزیه | مرکزی و شرقی اروپا (CEE) | مالکیت خانه | گمشده غنی | Wealth inequality | Decomposition | Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) | Homeownership | Missing rich |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Credit risk modelling under recessionary and financially distressed conditions
مدلسازی خطر اعتباری تحت شرایط دشوار مالی و رکود -2018 This paper provides clear cut evidence that economic recession and distressed financial conditions, as well as political instability constitute the key factors for mortgage default. Banning foreclosure procedures, often adopted by governments to mitigate the effects of the above conditions on loan defaulting, are found to positively influence the loan default probability, and thus they make efforts of banks to restructure (or refinance) mortgage loans a difficult task. Our results add support to the view that foreclosure moratorium may raise moral hazard incentives that borrowers will not maintain their payments in long run. The empirical analysis of the paper is based on an extension of the discrete-time survival analysis model which allows for a structural break in its baseline hazard function and a unique set of individual loan accounts. We also consider alternative specifications of the binary link function between default events and covariates. Asymmetric link functions are found to be more appropriate under financial distressed conditions.
keywords: Mortgage loans |Survival analysis |Structural breaks |Financial distressed conditions |Probability of default |
مقاله انگلیسی |