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1 |
Quantum Distributed Unit Commitment: An Application in Microgrids
تعهد واحد توزیع شده کوانتومی: یک کاربرد در ریزشبکه ها-2022 The dawn of quantum computing brings on a revolution in the way combinatorially complex power system problems such as Unit Commitment are solved. The Unit Commitment
problem complexity is expected to increase in the future because
of the trend toward the increase of penetration of intermittent
renewables. Even though quantum computing has proven effective
for solving a host of problems, its applications for power systems’
problems have been rather limited. In this paper, a quantum unit
commitment is innovatively formulated and the quantum version
of the decomposition and coordination alternate direction method
of multipliers (ADMM) is established. The above is achieved by
devising quantum algorithms and by exploiting the superposition
and entanglement of quantum bits (qubits) for solving subproblems, which are then coordinated through ADMM to obtain feasible
solutions. The main contributions of this paper include: 1) the
innovative development of a quantum model for Unit Commitment;
2) development of decomposition and coordination-supported
framework which paves the way for the utilization of limited
quantum resources to potentially solve the large-scale discrete
optimization problems; 3) devising the novel quantum distributed
unit commitment (QDUC) to solve the problem in a larger scale
than currently available quantum computers are capable of solving.
The QDUC results are compared with those from its classical
counterpart, which validate the efficacy of quantum computing.
Index Terms: Microgrids | quantum computing | quantum distributed optimization | unit commitment. |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Economic impact of the bioeconomy in Spain: Multiplier effects with a bio social accounting matrix
تأثیر اقتصادی اقتصاد زیستی در اسپانیا: اثرات چند برابری با ماتریس حسابداری زیست اجتماعی-2021 The bioeconomy emerges as a new economic model to help address issues related to environmental care
and focus on a more sustainable economy. In the last decade, it has become a global priority and many
countries have published their own strategies that clearly refer to the development of the bioeconomy.
The symmetric social accounting matrix with basic prices was constructed, including the breakdown of
biobased accounts belonging to the bioeconomy to determine which sectors of the bioeconomy are most
strategic to promote sustainable economic growth. This constructed matrix was used to analyse the
economic influence of the bioeconomy products and their impact on job creation. The analysis was
carried out using the diffusion and absorption multipliers, which enabled the interpretation of the
linkages between the different economic agents. The results were analysed in depth and the multipliers
decomposed into their different effects, own, open and circular, and complemented with the calculation
of the employment multiplier to evaluate the most important sectors for employment generation. The
analysis was applied to the case of Spain. The results of this research enabled the identification of the
strategic sectors where economic policies can be applied since these are the ones that increase economic
growth and activities within the bioeconomy and create jobs. The conclusions indicated that the Spanish
bioeconomy is still focused on traditional sectors and has not yet developed its potential in more
innovative biobased products, demonstrating that the bioeconomy in Spain still has a long way to go.
keywords: زیست توده | اسپانیا | ماتریس حسابداری اجتماعی | مدل های چند منظوره | آنالیز تاثیرات | ضغطه | Bioeconomy | Spain | Social accounting matrix | Multisectoral models | Impact analyses | Multipliers |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Should environment be a concern for competition policy when firms face environmental liability?
آیا وقتی شرکتها با مسئولیت زیست محیطی روبرو هستند ، آیا محیط زیست باید نگران سیاست رقابت باشد؟-2020 In the recent period, more and more voices have called for unconventional competition policies as a
way to achieve higher environmental investments from firms. This paper shows that this objective may
come into conflict with those of environmental liability laws. We introduce a basic oligopoly model
where firms produce a joint and indivisible environmental harm as a by-product of their output. We first
analyze the effects on the equilibrium of alternative designs in environmental liability law, secondly,
we discuss the rationale for “non-conventional” competition policies, i.e. more concerned with public
interest such as the preservation of environment (as well as human health and so on). We study firms
decisions of care and output under various liability regimes (strict liability vs negligence) associated
with alternative damages apportionment rules (per capita vs market share rule), and in some cases
with damages multipliers. We find that basing an environmental liability law on the combination of
strict liability, the per capita rule, and an “optimal” damages multiplier, is consistent with a conservative
competition policy, focused on consumers surplus, since, weakening firms’ market power also increases
aggregate expenditures in environment preservation and social welfare. In contrast, a shift to the market
share rule, or to a negligence regime, may be consistent with a restriction of competition, since firms’
entry may instead lead to a decrease in aggregate environmental expenditures and losses of social welfare.
Nevertheless the fine tuning of the policy requires specific information from a Competition Authority,
which we discuss as well.
Keywords: Strict liability | Negligence | Damages apportionment rules | Market share liability | Environmental liability | Cournot oligopoly | Competition policy |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Coordinating energy management for multiple energy hubs: From a transaction perspective
هماهنگی مدیریت انرژی برای مراکز مختلف انرژی: از منظر معاملات-2020 The coupled multiple energy carriers integrated with distributed energy units, e.g., energy converters, renewable
energy, and storages have offered energy hubs high flexibility and independent controllability. In this paper, a
decentralized transactive based energy management framework enabling coordination among multiple energy
hubs (MEHs) is developed. Aiming to improve the economic performance of the interconnected energy hub
system, a peer to peer (P2P) transaction platform is established for the self-organized trading of MEH.
Particularly, a generic scheme for the generation of transaction prices is specified for the energy hub, which is
firstly integrated into a modified alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) method for the realization
of achieving P2P transaction consensus amongst MEHs. Furthermore, this price scheme offers high traceability of
energy-price flows inner EHs operation process and external energy transaction activities, providing transparent
price signals in the local P2P market. A three-energy hub system is simulated, and numerical case studies have
demonstrated the proposed coordination scheme actively encourages individual EH to enroll in the P2P transaction
scheme, offering all EHs a win-win transaction framework and improving the global economic efficiency
of the networked system. Keywords: Energy hubs | Decentralized optimization | P2P transaction |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
Explicit dynamic approach for unbounded domains in frictional contact with Rate and State laws
رویکرد پویای صریح برای دامنه های بدون مرز در تماس اصطکاک با میزان قوانین ایالتی-2020 The paper explores the ability of an explicit time integration procedure to simulate the dynamics of shear rupture
between unbounded elastic blocks on frictional interface, modeled with the finite element method. The behaviour
of the interface is governed by Rate and State (RS) friction laws, proposed to describe the rate dependent phenomena
observed in experiments on rocks and many other materials in sliding contact. The method for the
frictional contact between bodies is integrated in the framework of heterogeneous asynchronous time integrator
(HATI). Dual formulation, requiring the introduction of Lagrange multipliers, is adopted by dealing in a weak way
with the normal contact conditions as well as the tangential frictional conditions expressed in velocity. Taking
advantage of the flexibility of the HATI framework, precise formulations of Perfectly Matched Layers (PML) are
also incorporated, enabling us to treat semi-infinite media in frictional contact. Simulations concerning an unbounded
elastic block on a rigid flat plane, initially compressed and sheared with remote loadings, are carried out.
Advantages of the PML are underlined during the preliminary stages of loading as well as during the nucleation
and propagation of the shear rupture along the interface. Numerical oscillations inherent from the high nonlinearity
of the RS friction law, characterized by significant variations of the friction coefficient with small
changes in tangential velocity, are drastically reduced thanks to the HATI method. Keywords: Finite element method | Hybrid asynchronous time integrator | Frictional contact | Rate and State friction law | Unbounded domains | Perfectly matched layers |
مقاله انگلیسی |
6 |
An integrated blockchain-based energy management platform with bilateral trading for microgrid communities
یک پلت فرم یکپارچه مدیریت انرژی مبتنی بر بلاکچین با تجارت دوجانبه برای جوامع ریز شبکه -2020 In this paper, an integrated blockchain-based energy management platform is proposed that optimizes energy
flows in a microgrid whilst implementing a bilateral trading mechanism. Physical constraints in the microgrid
are respected by formulating an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem, which is combined with a bilateral trading
mechanism in a single optimization problem. The Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) is used to
decompose the problem to enable distributed optimization and a smart contract is used as a virtual aggregator.
This eliminates the need for a third-party coordinating entity. The smart contract fulfills several functions,
including distribution of data to all participants and executing part of the ADMM algorithm. The model is run
using actual data from a prosumer community in Amsterdam and several scenarios of the model are tested to
evaluate the impact of combining physical constraints and trading on social welfare of the community and
scheduling of energy flows. The scenario variants are trade-only, where only a trading mechanism is implemented,
grid-only where only OPF optimization is implemented and a combined scenario where both are
implemented. Results are compared with a baseline scenario. Simulation results show that import costs of the
whole community are reduced by 34.9% as compared to a baseline scenario, and total energy import quantities
are reduced by 15%. Total social welfare is found to be highest without a trading mechanism, however this
platform is only viable when all costs are equally shared between all households. Furthermore, peak imports are
reduced by over 50% in scenarios including grid constraints. Keywords: Microgrids | Distributed energy resources | Decentralized optimization | Optimal power flow | Local electricity markets | Blockchain | Smart contracts |
مقاله انگلیسی |
7 |
Symmetry multi-reduction method for partial differential equations with conservation laws
روش چند کاهش تقارن برای معادلات دیفرانسیل جزئی با قوانین حفاظت-2020 For partial differential equations (PDEs) that have n 2 independent variables
and a symmetry algebra of dimension at least n − 1, an explicit algorithmic method is presented
for finding all symmetry-invariant conservation laws that will reduce to first integrals
for the ordinary differential equation (ODE) describing symmetry-invariant solutions of the
PDE. This significantly generalizes the double reduction method known in the literature.
Moreover, the condition of symmetry-invariance of a conservation law is formulated in an
improved way by using multipliers, thereby allowing symmetry-invariant conservation laws
to be obtained directly, without the need to first find conservation laws and then check their
invariance. This cuts down considerably the number and complexity of computational steps
involved in the reduction method. If the space of symmetry-invariant conservation laws has
dimension m 1, then the method yields m first integrals along with a check of which ones
are non-trivial via their multipliers. Several examples of interesting symmetry reductions
are considered: travelling waves and similarity solutions in 1 + 1 dimensions; line travelling
waves, line similarity solutions, and similarity travelling waves in 2+1 dimensions; rotationally
symmetric similarity solutions in n + 1 dimensions. In addition, examples of nonlinear
PDEs for which the method yields the explicit general solution for symmetry-invariant solutions
are shown. |
مقاله انگلیسی |
8 |
An integrated blockchain-based energy management platform with bilateral trading for microgrid communities
یک پلت فرم یکپارچه مدیریت انرژی مبتنی بر بلاکچین با تجارت دوجانبه برای جوامع ریزگرد-2019 In this paper, an integrated blockchain-based energy management platform is proposed that optimizes energy
flows in a microgrid whilst implementing a bilateral trading mechanism. Physical constraints in the microgrid
are respected by formulating an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem, which is combined with a bilateral trading
mechanism in a single optimization problem. The Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) is used to
decompose the problem to enable distributed optimization and a smart contract is used as a virtual aggregator.
This eliminates the need for a third-party coordinating entity. The smart contract fulfills several functions,
including distribution of data to all participants and executing part of the ADMM algorithm. The model is run
using actual data from a prosumer community in Amsterdam and several scenarios of the model are tested to
evaluate the impact of combining physical constraints and trading on social welfare of the community and
scheduling of energy flows. The scenario variants are trade-only, where only a trading mechanism is implemented,
grid-only where only OPF optimization is implemented and a combined scenario where both are
implemented. Results are compared with a baseline scenario. Simulation results show that import costs of the
whole community are reduced by 34.9% as compared to a baseline scenario, and total energy import quantities
are reduced by 15%. Total social welfare is found to be highest without a trading mechanism, however this
platform is only viable when all costs are equally shared between all households. Furthermore, peak imports are
reduced by over 50% in scenarios including grid constraints. Keywords: Microgrids | Distributed energy resources | Decentralized optimization | Optimal power flow | Local electricity markets | Blockchain | Smart contracts |
مقاله انگلیسی |
9 |
An area-efficient bit-serial sequential polynomial basis finite field GF(2m) multiplier
An area-efficient bit-serial sequential polynomial basis finite field GF(2m) multiplier-2019 Many cryptographic and error control coding algorithms rely on finite field arithmetic. Hardware
implementation of these algorithms requires an efficient realization of finite field GF(2m) arithmetic
operations. Finite field multiplication is complex among the basic arithmetic operations, and it is
employed in field exponentiation and inversion operations. Various algorithms and architectures are
proposed in the literature for hardware implementation of finite field multiplication to achieve a
reduction in area and delay. In this paper, a modified interleaved modular reduction multiplication
algorithm and its bit-serial sequential architecture are proposed. It is observed from the comparison of
analytical results that the proposed architecture achieves the reduction in area and area-delay product
compared to the existing multipliers. The proposed multiplier achieves an improvement of 39% in area
and 17% in area-delay product estimations for field order of 409 when compared with the best sequential
multiplier available in the literature. Application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) implementation of the
proposed multiplier together with the two most comparable multipliers confirms that the proposed
multiplier outperforms in terms of area and area-delay product. The proposed multiplier is suitable for
implementation of security in Internet of Things (IoT) gateways and edge-devices. Keywords: Finite field arithmetic | Polynomial basis | Bit-serial multiplier | Elliptic curve cryptography | Internet of Things (IoT) |
مقاله انگلیسی |
10 |
Multi-agent microgrid energy management based on deep learning forecaster
مدیریت انرژی میکروگیدر چند عامل مبتنی بر پیشگویی یادگیری عمیق-2019 This paper presents a multi-agent day-ahead microgrid energy management framework. The objective is
to minimize energy loss and operation cost of agents, including conventional distributed generators,
wind turbines, photovoltaics, demands, battery storage systems, and microgrids aggregator agent. To
forecast market prices, wind generation, solar generation, and load demand, a deep learning-based
approach is designed based on a combination of convolutional neural networks and gated recurrent
unit. Each agent utilizes the designed learning approach and its own historical data to forecast its
required parameters/data for scheduling purposes. To preserve the information privacy of agents, the
alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is utilized to find the optimal operating point of
microgrid distributedly. To enhance the convergence performance of the distributed algorithm, an
accelerated ADMM is presented based on the concept of over-relaxation. In the proposed framework, the
agents do not need to share with other parties either their historical data for forecasting purposes or
commercially sensitive information for scheduling purposes. The proposed framework is tested on a
realistic test system. The forecast values obtained by the proposed forecasting method are compared
with several other methods and the accelerated distributed algorithm is compared with the standard
ADMM and analytical target cascading. Keywords: Microgrid energy management system | Short-term forecasting | Deep learning | Convolutional neural networks | Gated recurrent unit | Alternating direction method of multipliers |
مقاله انگلیسی |