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Computer vision for solid waste sorting: A critical review of academic research
بینایی کامپیوتری برای تفکیک زباله جامد: مروری انتقادی تحقیقات دانشگاهی-2022 Waste sorting is highly recommended for municipal solid waste (MSW) management. Increasingly, computer
vision (CV), robotics, and other smart technologies are used for MSW sorting. Particularly, the field of CV-
enabled waste sorting is experiencing an unprecedented explosion of academic research. However, little atten-
tion has been paid to understanding its evolvement path, status quo, and prospects and challenges ahead. To
address the knowledge gap, this paper provides a critical review of academic research that focuses on CV-enabled
MSW sorting. Prevalent CV algorithms, in particular their technical rationales and prediction performance, are
introduced and compared. The distribution of academic research outputs is also examined from the aspects of
waste sources, task objectives, application domains, and dataset accessibility. The review discovers a trend of
shifting from traditional machine learning to deep learning algorithms. The robustness of CV for waste sorting is
increasingly enhanced owing to the improved computation powers and algorithms. Academic studies were un-
evenly distributed in different sectors such as household, commerce and institution, and construction. Too often,
researchers reported some preliminary studies using simplified environments and artificially collected data.
Future research efforts are encouraged to consider the complexities of real-world scenarios and implement CV in
industrial waste sorting practice. This paper also calls for open sharing of waste image datasets for interested
researchers to train and evaluate their CV algorithms. keywords: زباله جامد شهری | تفکیک زباله | بینایی ماشین | تشخیص تصویر | یادگیری ماشین | یادگیری عمیق | Municipal solid waste | Waste sorting | Computer vision | Image recognition | Machine learning | Deep learning |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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PortiK: A computer vision based solution for real-time automatic solid waste characterization – Application to an aluminium stream
PortiK: یک راه حل مبتنی بر بینایی کامپیوتری برای شناسایی خودکار زباله جامد در زمان واقعی - کاربرد در جریان آلومینیوم-2022 In Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs), recyclable municipal solid waste is turned into a precious commodity.
However, effective recycling relies on effective waste sorting, which is still a challenge to sustainable develop-
ment of our society. To help the operations improve and optimise their process, this paper describes PortiK, a
solution for automatic waste analysis. Based on image analysis and object recognition, it allows for continuous,
real-time, non-intrusive measurements of mass composition of waste streams. The end-to-end solution is detailed
with all the steps necessary for the system to operate, from hardware specifications and data collection to su-
pervisory information obtained by deep learning and statistical analysis. The overall system was tested and
validated in an operational environment in a material recovery facility.
PortiK monitored an aluminium can stream to estimate its purity. Aluminium cans were detected with 91.2%
precision and 90.3% recall, respectively, resulting in an underestimation of the number of cans by less than 1%.
Regarding contaminants (i.e. other types of waste), precision and recall were 80.2% and 78.4%, respectively,
giving an 2.2% underestimation. Based on five sample analyses where pieces of waste were counted and weighed
per batch, the detection results were used to estimate purity and its confidence level. The estimation error was
calculated to be within ±7% after 5 minutes of monitoring and ±5% after 8 hours. These results have demon-
strated the feasibility and the relevance of the proposed solution for online quality control of aluminium can
stream. keywords: امکانات بازیابی مواد | شناسایی مواد زائد جامد | یادگیری عمیق | شبکه عصبی عمیق | بینایی کامپیوتر | Material recovery facilities | MRF | Solid waste characterization | Deep-learning | Deep neural network | Computer vision |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Evaluating the urban metabolism sustainability of municipal solid waste management system: An extended exergy accounting and indexing perspective
ارزیابی متابولیسم شهری پایداری سیستم مدیریت ضایعات جامد شهری: حسابداری اگزرژی گسترده و دیدگاه نمایه سازی-2021 In this study, Extended Exergy Accounting was adopted to develop an accounting model to evaluate the performance of a Municipal Solid Waste Management System. Furthermore, urban metabolism sustainability index
for waste was also proposed to represent the unified society-economy-environment impacts of the MSWMS under
the framework of a comprehensive sustainability evaluation. A detailed analysis of wood and horticultural waste
treatment scenarios in Singapore was done as a case study. It was found that the gasification scenario theoretically performs significantly better than the incineration scenario, in terms of energy carrier consumption,
emissions, thermodynamic efficiency and sustainability. Analysis results show that, if extrapolated to Singapore’s
total wood and horticultural waste, gasification technology has potential to reduce energy consumption and
increase electricity output. An uncertainty analysis was carried out and it was found that the main extended
exergetic parameters of the two scenarios considered were in the range of 3–8%, thus confirming the reliability of the accounting results. A sensitivity analysis of the urban metabolism sustainability index for waste was conducted for the gasification scenario to identify key influencing factors and seek potential improvements; this was
done by considering changes in four variables: transportation distance, electrical efficiency, working hour
increment and gross capital cost per ton waste treated. It was found that, to ensure the feasibility and sustainability of gasification scenario, the following are required: keeping the electricity production efficiency greater
than 21.33%; the transportation distance between the gasification power plant and source of wood and horticultural waste should be kept within 17.08 km; employment of per kton annual treatment capacity should be less
than 0.14 workers; wood and horticultural waste source should control the waste collection frequency of no more
than 3 times per day and the number of workers participating in the collection each time is less than 4 persons,
totaling to 12 workers per day.
keywords: تجزیه و تحلیل Exergy را گسترش دهید | زباله جامد شهری | ارزیابی پایداری | متابولیسم شهری | اگزرژی کار | Exergy اصلاح محیط زیست | Extend exergy analysis | Municipal solid waste | Sustainability assessment | Urban metabolism | Labor exergy | Environmental remediation exergy |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Modeling and identification of suitable motivational mechanism in the collection system of municipal solid waste supply chain
مدل سازی و شناسایی سازوکار انگیزشی مناسب در سیستم جمع آوری زنجیره تأمین پسماند جامد شهری-2021 Many studies have identified that incentive, subsidy, and reward-penalty mechanisms improve the col- lection rate of recyclables and end of life products. But there is a lack of studies mathematical models and analysis of these mechanisms in the context of municipal solid waste supply chain. Therefore, in this study, models have been formulated for municipal solid waste supply chain (profit) considering government and collectors’ profit under incentive, subsidy, and reward-penalty mechanisms. The study has analysed the models against the non-separation and separation scenario of waste. A numerical analysis is performed and observed that: (i) separation of waste at source along with incentive, subsidy, and reward-penalty mechanisms scenario improve the collection rate by 17%, 23%, 30%, and 45% compared to non-separated MSW. (ii) Incentive, subsidy, and reward-penalty mechanisms increases the total sup- ply chain profit by around 9%, —36% and 18%. (iii) reward-penalty mechanism performs better than incentive and subsidy mechanism by providing the high supply chain profit (18% and 85%) and collection rate (22% and 15%) comparatively. Further, sensitivity analysis carried out to understand the behaviour of the models against the key parameters. The study also develops interesting propositions and proved for a better understanding of the models. From results, some key managerial insights have been drawn and a few future scopes of the study are presented.© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Solid waste supply chain | Circular economy | Incentive | Subsidy | Reward-penalty |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
Optimal process design for integrated municipal waste management with energy recovery in Argentina
طراحی فرآیند بهینه برای مدیریت یکپارچه زباله شهری با بازیابی انرژی در آرژانتین-2020 This work presents a comprehensive mathematical model for the optimal selection of municipal waste
treatment alternatives, accounting for co-digestion of sludge and municipal solid waste. The superstructure
of alternatives includes anaerobic digestion under mesophilic or thermophilic conditions,
composting, recycling, and final disposal in a landfill. Anaerobic digesters can be fed with different
mixing ratios of sewage sludge (SS) and the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OF). A mixedinteger
mathematical programming formulation is proposed to find the optimal process design. It
comprises nonlinear equations to estimate digestion yields according to substrate mixing ratios. Results
for cities of different sizes show that the joint treatment can increase profitability, especially in small
populations. In all cases, co-digestion of the full stream of SS and OF leads to an integrated waste-toenergy
process that maximizes the economic value and reduces environmental impacts of waste by
producing electricity, heat and fertilizer. Keywords: Co-digestion | Waste-to-Energy | Optimization | Superstructure | Process design |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Electricity generation using biogas from organic fraction of municipal solid waste generated in provinces of China: Techno-economic and environmental impact analysis
تولید برق با استفاده از بیوگاز از کسری آلی پسماندهای جامد شهری تولید شده در استانهای چین: تحلیل تأثیر تکنو اقتصادی و زیست محیطی-2020 This study assessed the electricity generation potential of biogas from organic fraction of municipal solid waste
collected for disposal from 2004 to 2018 in 31 provinces of China using landfill gas to energy (LFGTE) and
anaerobic digestion (AD) technologies. Economic feasibility assessment of the technologies was carried out using
Net Present Value, and Levelized Cost of Energy methods. In addition, environmental impact of waste management
options based on global warming potential was assessed under three scenarios. Key findings showed
that electricity generation potential of anaerobic digestion technology was higher in all the provinces.
Economically, the results showed that both projects are feasible in all the 31 provinces. However, anaerobic
digestion project proved to be highly feasible, with more positive net present value, and lower levelized cost of
energy. Sensitivity analysis showed that both projects are infeasible with a discount rate beyond 20%. The
results also showed that landfill gas without energy recovery has high global warming potential. It was realized
that on the average landfill gas to energy technology could reduce global warming potential by 71.5%, while
anaerobic digestion technology could reduce global warming potential by 92.7%. This study will offer scientific
guidance for investment in anaerobic digestion and landfill gas to energy projects in China and other countries. Keywords: Electricity generation potential | Organic fraction of municipal solid waste | Biogas | Landfill gas to energy technology | Anaerobic digestion technology | Global warming potential |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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مدیریت زباله های جامد شهری در طول شیوع SARS-COV-2 و سهولت قرنطینه: درس هایی از ایتالیا
سال انتشار: 2020 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 6 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 19 ادبیات مربوط به زباله های جامد شهری در رابطه با COVID-19 کمیاب است. بر اساس تجربه ایتالیا، مقاله حاضر به استراتژی هایی با هدف جلوگیری از شیوع دوم ویروس کمک می کند. در واقع، سوء مدیریت زباله های جامد شهری می تواند استراتژی ها را در طول سهولت قرنطینه تضعیف کند. در طول شیوع SARS-COV-2 در ایتالیا، کاهش کلی در نرخ جمع آوری انتخابی وجود داشت (-15٪ در یک شهرداری با سیستم جمع آوری خانه به خانه به خوبی توسعه یافته). تأخیر در انتشار دستورالعملهای مدیریت پسماند بر ایمنی اپراتورهای جمعآوری زبالههای بالقوه آلوده تأثیر گذاشت. برخلاف انتظارات، ماسکها و دستکشهای یکبار مصرف تأثیر قابلتوجهی بر مدیریت پسماند. با این حال، پراکندگی ماسکها و دستکشهای رها شده در خارج از محیطهای داخلی باعث ایجاد مشکلات زیستمحیطی میشود. توصیه هایی در مورد مدیریت پسماند و حفاظت از اپراتورهای زباله مورد بحث قرار گرفته است. در نهایت، دستورالعمل هایی در مورد مناسب ترین تصفیه زباله از قبل ارسال و تجزیه و تحلیل شده است. نتایج ارائه شده در این مقاله نشان می دهد که بخش مدیریت MSW راه حل های مفیدی برای مقابله با COVID-19 پیدا کرده است. با این حال، این راه حل ها به اندازه کافی به اشتراک گذاشته نمی شوند. مطالعه موردی تحلیلشده در کار حاضر میتواند به تعریف استراتژیهایی برای پیشگیری یا کنترل اپیدمیهای مشابه یا دورههای همهگیر آینده کمک کند.
کلید واژه ها: کووید -19 | زباله جامد شهری | عفونت | امنیت شغلی | SARS-COV-2 | مجموعه انتخابی |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
8 |
Economic analysis of a shared municipal solid waste management facility in a metropolitan region
تجزیه و تحلیل اقتصادی از یک مرکز مدیریت زباله جامد شهری در یک منطقه شهری-2020 Municipal solid waste (MSW) management in dense urban areas is a challenge for municipalities, especially
in developing countries, which commonly have deficient waste management. For example, the
metropolitan region of Goiás State, Brazil, has 19 municipalities that dispose of about 72.5% of total
MSW in unlicensed MSW final disposal facilities. Therefore, this study analysed the investment and operating
costs, and revenues of a municipal solid waste management facility, projected for 20 years, shared
among these 19 municipalities. The economic viability analysis, has shown that, regardless of the management
facility type, MSW collection and transport are the most expensive cost components, accounting
for about 60% of MSW management operating costs. For an Internal Rate of Return of 0%, anaerobic digestion
is 11% more expensive (in total) than using community composting. For 2040 (last year), the monthly
MSW management tariffs will vary between 3.5 and 10.8 R$inhabitant1month1, depending on the
municipality. So, as the unit price of biowaste treatments lowers with waste quantities, for the municipalities
with large biowaste quantities, anaerobic digestion becomes recommended for its economic
attractiveness. This study can serve as a model for other municipalities in Brazil and elsewhere, helping
public decision makers to establish a strategy for MSW management. Keywords: Economic analysis | Municipal solid waste (MSW) | Shared management | Tariff | Brazil |
مقاله انگلیسی |
9 |
Prediction of greenhouse gas emissions from Ontario’s solid waste landfills using fuzzy logic based model
پیش بینی انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای از محل های دفع زباله جامد انتاریو با استفاده از مدل مبتنی بر منطق فازی-2020 In this study, multi-criteria assessment technique is used to predict the methane generation from large
municipal solid waste landfills in Ontario, Canada. Although a number of properties determine the gas
generation from landfills, these parameters are linked with empirical relationships making it difficult
to generate precise information concerning gas production. Moreover, available landfill data involve
sources of uncertainty and are mostly insufficient. To fully characterize the chemistry of reaction and predict
gas generation volumes from landfills, a fuzzy-based model is proposed having seven input parameters.
Parameters were identified in a linguistic form and linked by 19 IF-THEN statements. When
compared to measured values, results of the fuzzy based model showed good prediction of landfill gas
generation rates. Also, when compared to other first order decay and second order decay models like
LandGEM, the fuzzy based model showed better results. When plotting the LandGEM and Fuzzy model
values to the actual measured data, the fuzzy model resulted in a better fit to actual data than the
LandGEM model with a coefficient of determination R2 of 0.951 for fuzzy model versus 0.804 for
LandGEM model. The results show how multi-criteria assessment technique can be used in modelling
of complicated processes that take place within the landfills and somehow accurately predicting the
landfill gas generation rate under different operating conditions Keywords: Municipal solid waste | Landfill gas | Life-cycle assessment | Waste to energy | Greenhouse gas emissions | Fuzzy model |
مقاله انگلیسی |
10 |
A municipal solid waste indicator for environmental impact: Assessment and identification of best management practices
شاخص ضایعات جامد شهری برای اثرات زیست محیطی : ارزیابی و شناسایی بهترین شیوه های مدیریت-2020 The objective of this study was to develop an aggregate indicator to assess the environmental impact of
municipal solid waste management in the small municipalities of the state of S~ao Paulo, Brazil. Additionally,
the study aimed at creating a classification of the municipalities considered to identify the best
management practices. The study consisted of five phases: Phase 1: Selection of municipalities; Phase 2:
Data collection (inputs); Phase 3: Use of the Waste Reduction Model; Phase 4: Analysis of results
(outputs) and; Phase 5: Construction of the aggregate indicator and comparison between municipalities
to analyze management practices. The results showed that the average waste generation was 223.89 kg
(inhabitant1 year1), the average carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions was 0.166 tons (inhabitant
1 year1), the average amount of energy savings was 51.37 kWh (inhabitant1 year1) and that
most municipalities had suitable final waste destinations. After developing the aggregate indicator,
which was a geometric mean of the normalized indicators for waste generation, emissions of CO2e,
energy consumption and quality of final destination, the municipalities were ranked. Among the ten
best-ranked municipalities, six of them disposed of the waste in municipal landfills, and four, in private
landfills. Only one municipality is part of a consortium, while seven of them have institutionalized selective
collection. One of the critical points for good indicators is the presence of waste pickers. For
further improvements in the management of these municipalities, it is suggested that practices involving
recycling and the integration of waste pickers with proper technical training are developed and
implemented further. It is also recommended fostering greater social inclusion and integrated participation
in the management of municipal solid waste. The aggregate indicator developed was regarded as
appropriate to assess the environmental impact of municipalities and to classify them, allowing the
identification of the best management practices. Keywords: Indicators | Strategic waste management | Environmental analysis | Carbon dioxide equivalent |
مقاله انگلیسی |