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نتیجه جستجو - Negotiation

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 68
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Accounting as a technology of neoliberalism: The accountability role of IPSAS in Nigeria
حسابداری به عنوان فناوری نئولیبرالیسم: نقش پاسخگویی IPSAS در نیجریه-2021
This paper critically examines the implications for Nigeria’s indebtedness of neoliberalism as a neo-colonial dependency concept and International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) as a technology of a new form of economic imperialism. As Nigeria’s huge oil and gas revenues continue to be lost to corruption, the country relies on loans from Paris Club countries and International Financial Institutions (IFIs), notably the World Bank. In 1999, when the country changed from military to democratic governance, Nigeria’s debt to the Paris Club and the World Bank was $30bn. With pressure from the Paris Club and the World Bank to repay its debts, the new democratic Nigerian government sought debt forgiveness and rescheduling. Although the World Bank, representing the creditors in debt negotiation, does not go into specific accounting standards to be adopted by debtor nations, the Bank does require Nigeria to embrace neoliberal economic reforms (including public sector reporting framework that produces consistently relevant and reliable financial information – which denotes IPSAS). Despite the partial debt forgiveness, repayment of the balance of the debt and adoption of IPSAS, Nigeria remains endemically corrupt, relies on loans from powerful nations and IFIs, and has again become debt-laden. Contrary to neoliberal assumptions therefore, we provide the evidence that better accounting may not necessarily be a panacea for economic development.
keywords: نئولیبرالیسم | موسسات مالی بین المللی (IFIS) | حسابداری بین المللی بخش دولتی | استانداردها (خود) | فساد | شفافیت و پاسخگویی | Neoliberalism | International Financial Institutions (IFIs) | International Public Sector Accounting | Standards (IPSAS) | Corruption | Transparency and Accountability
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Code as constitution: The negotiation of a uniform accounting code for U:S: railway corporations and the moral justification of stakeholder claims on wealth
کد به عنوان قانون اساسی: مذاکره در مورد یک کد حسابداری یکسان برای شرکت های راه آهن ایالات متحده و توجیه اخلاقی ادعاهای سهامداران در مورد ثروت-2021
Economic historians of the United States identify the railway industry of the nineteenth century as the birthplace of existing institutions of corporate finance, law, and labor relations (Chandler, 1990; Perrow, 2002; Thomas, 2011). This paper shows that the railway industry was also an important arena for the standardization of corporate accounting in the U. S., and that railway accountants played a significant role in the federal government’s earliest attempts to regulate large corporations. The paper describes how railway accountants worked with the first federal regulator of corporations, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), created by act of Congress in 1887, to create a uniform accounting code for the railway industry. This code was designed by the prominent economist and ICC statistician Henry Carter Adams to serve as a mechanism for the administrative supervision of railway corporations: a “cognitive equivalent of a constitution” (Starr, 1987, p. 53) that would promote economic democracy by protecting the property rights of non-controlling stakeholders in the railway system: shippers who used the trains to send goods to markets, long-term investors in railway shares and bonds, consumers of shipped goods, and members of the communities that the railways connected and employed. Railway accountants working with Adams created the rules for answering “potentially divisive questions of fact” (Starr, 1987, p. 53) about who contributed how much to the assets and profits of the railway corporation, and thus provided moral justification for how claims on those assets and profits were distributed.
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Bargaining power as moderator of the “delay costs effect” in supply chain negotiations
قدرت چانه زنی به عنوان تعدیل کننده "اثر هزینه تأخیر" در مذاکرات زنجیره تامین-2021
This paper explores the extent to which bargaining power asymmetries among supply chain members moderate the effect that the delay costs of the setting exert on negotiation outcomes. First, we propose that the influence of delay costs on the initial gap between the bargaining demands of sellers and buyers (i.e., initial bargaining gap) decreases when buyers have a bargaining power advantage over sellers. Second, we posit that this moderation effect reduces the indirect effect that the delay costs have on negotiation outcomes (via the initial bargaining gap). To test these notions, we conduct a 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment with undergraduate students from a large European university in which we manipulate the relative bargaining power and delay costs of the setting. We conduct our analysis with 292 observations. Our findings support our theoretical predictions. Specifically, results indicate that bargaining power moderates (i.e., reduces) the effect of the delay costs on negotiation processes by reducing their influence on the initial bargaining gap. Likewise, our analysis shows that because more powerful buyers are less likely to modify their behavior as a result of the delay costs, they face a higher risk of obtaining suboptimal bargaining profits.
Keywords: Relative bargaining power | Delay costs | Initial bargaining gap | Supply chain negotiations
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Moving towards circular bioeconomy: Managing olive cake supply chain through contracts
حرکت به سمت اقتصاد زیستی دایره ای: مدیریت زنجیره تامین کیک زیتون از طریق قراردادها-2021
Circular bioeconomy represents a recent political vision expected to contribute in tackling the main challenges faced when sustainable industrial transition trajectories are to be implemented. Coordination and interdependence among actors are crucial steps for value creation when developing new sustainable supply chains. Current study is based on a choice experiment devised with contract design theory applied to a specific supply chain in which a circular bioeconomy strategy is implemented. It investigates the propensity of Sicilian millers to participate in a novel supply chain in which feedstuff is produced by processing a by-product, namely olive cake. Furthermore, millers contract attributes’ preferences are analysed. The results from two econometric models reveal that 71% of the interviewed entrepreneurs would participate in the proposed supply chain while the propensity to participate is positively related with firm size and millers’ attitudes but decreases if millers experienced previous investments or have previously participated in cooperatives. Moreover, respondents prefer shorter length of contract, with a minimum guarantee price, with a renegotiation option, and without the obligation of a minimum volume of product to be supplied. Contract agreements, when contract characteristics are designed ad hoc, are proved to be effective tools for circular bioeconomy supply-chain development.
Keywords: Circular bioeconomy | Supply chain management | Olive cake | Contract design
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Three conversation practices illuminating how children’s views and wishes are explored in care proceedings: An analysis of 22 children’s spokespersons’ accounts
سه روش مکالمه که چگونگی بررسی دیدگاه‌ها و خواسته‌های کودکان در رسیدگی‌های مراقبتی را روشن می‌کند: تحلیلی از گزارش‌های سخنگویان 22 کودک-2021
There is a growing literature on how children are heard in the field of child welfare, often with indications of how difficult it may be to fulfil their right to be heard. This article examines children’s spokespersons’ accounts of speaking with children in care proceedings about their views and wishes. The study consists of interviews with 22 children’s spokespersons in Norway. Study findings question whether children in care proceedings understand the invitation to voice their wishes as confined to matters relating to the proceedings. Based on their accounts of their practices, spokespersons tend to respond to children’s wishes with efforts to orientating them to their current situation and a negotiation that will make the wishes more feasible in the eyes of the representative. The spokespersons’ accounts of the conversations display conversational dynamics in which children’s views and wishes are explored, through types of practices identified as practices of fidelity, of structuration and of argu- mentation. The understanding of conversation dynamics that these findings provide may further meaningful engagement and enable a more attentive exploration of children’s views and wishes. The findings provide important insights for professions that bear the task of enabling children’s participation.
keywords: نمایندگی کودکان | حفاظت از کودکان | مشارکت | مراحل مراقبت | حقوق کودکان | دوران کودکی | Children’s representation | Child protection | Participation | Care proceedings | Children’s rights | Childhood
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Negotiation-sequence, pricing, and ordering decisions in a three-echelon supply chain: A coopetitive-game analysis
توالی مذاکره ، قیمت گذاری و تصمیمات سفارش در یک زنجیره تأمین سه پله ای: تجزیه و تحلیل بازی مشارکتی-2021
We investigate a three-echelon supply chain in which a distributor at the middle echelon negotiates two wholesale price contracts with his upstream manufacturer and downstream retailer. In the first stage, the distributor decides on whether to first negotiate with the manufacturer or with the retailer; in the second (combined, noncooperative-cooperative, game) stage, the two negotiations are conducted sequentially. We find that the supply chain can be coordinated if the distributor first negotiates with the retailer. The distributor should choose the negotiation sequence for supply chain coordination, if he has a sufficiently large (small) relative bargaining power in the negotiation with the manufacturer (the retailer). We also extend our analysis to the cases in which the distributor and the manufacturer negotiate a buyback or two-part tariff contract, and draw similar outcomes when the distributor first negotiates with the retailer. In addition, under the two-part tariff contract, the distributor prefers to first negotiate with the retailer if the manufacturer has a sufficiently high disagreement payoff whereas, under the buyback contract, the distributor always prefers to first negotiate with the firm with a stronger bargaining power. Moreover, the two-part tariff (buyback) contract cannot (can) always coordinate the supply chain.
Keywords: Supply chain management | Negotiation sequence | Pricing | Coopetitive game | Generalized Nash bargaining solution
مقاله انگلیسی
7 A knowledge-intensive adaptive business process management framework
چارچوب مدیریت فرآیند تجاری تطبیقی مبتنی بر دانش-2021
Business process management has been the driving force of optimization and operational efficiency for companies until now, but the digitalization era we have been experiencing requires businesses to be agile and responsive as well. In order to be a part of this digital transformation, delivering new levels of automation-fueled agility through digitalization of BPM itself is required. However, the automation of BPM cannot be achieved by solely focusing on process space and classical planning techniques. It requires a holistic approach that also captures the social aspects of the business environment, such as corporate strategies, organization policies, negotiations, and cooperation. For this purpose, we combine BPM, knowledge-intensive systems and intelligent agent technologies, and yield one consolidated intelligent business process management framework, namely agileBPM, that governs the entire BPM life-cycle. Accordingly, agileBPM proposes a modeling methodology to semantically capture the business interests, enterprise environment and process space in accordance with the agent-oriented software engineering paradigm. The proposed agent-based process execution environment provides cognitive capabilities (such as goal-driven planning, norm compliance, knowledge-driven actions, and dynamic cooperation) on top of the developed business models to support knowledge workers’ multicriteria decision making tasks. The context awareness and exception handling capabilities of the proposed approach have been presented with experimental studies. Through comparative evaluations, it is shown that agileBPM is the most comprehensive knowledge-intensive process management solution.
keywords: مدیریت فرآیند کسب و کار | فرایندهای دانش فشرده | مدل سازی و اجرای فرآیند | انطباق فرآیند | مدیریت فرآیند کسب و کار مبتنی بر عامل | مدیریت فرآیند کسب و کار چابک | Business process management | Knowledge-intensive processes | Process modeling and execution | Process adaptation | Agent-based business process management | Agile business process management
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Paradigm shift to implement SDG 2 (end hunger): A humanistic management lens on the education of future leaders
تغییر پارادایم برای اجرای SDG 2 (پایان گرسنگی): یک لنز مدیریت انسانی در آموزش رهبران آینده-2020
This article argues that new paradigms of leadership, as well as leadership education, are required to more effectively work towards the implementation of SDG 2 – end hunger. It draws on the philosophically rooted concept of Humanistic Management as a lens to examine the relationship between SDG 2, the human right to food and reasons for the persistence of hunger in the world. The status quo and current approaches are presented in detail as dysfunctional, with an emphasis on the role of the WTO regulations, intellectual property rights schemes and negotiation processes. It is suggested that in order to develop future leaders who tackle global issues like this persistence of hunger in more promising and more responsible ways, business schools need to look beyond responsible management education. In this vein, Humanistic Management is also discussed as a platform for the advocated paradigm shift. It is highlighted through which stages business schools could transform their educational approach and provision accordingly.
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Co-production of knowledge and adaptation to water scarcity in developing countries
تولید دانش و سازگاری با کمبود آب در کشورهای در حال توسعه-2020
Dwindling of freshwater resources is a harsh reality of the arid and semi-arid regions of the world and climate change is expected to deteriorate their situation through major reduction of freshwater supplies. Co-production of knowledge, through active negotiation of experts, government and local stakeholders has been used as a strategy to adapt to water scarcity. However, in many developing countries, co-production of knowledge is not common and adaptation efforts rarely reflects the plurality of involved knowledge sources and actors. Given the urgent need of transition towards water-efficient agricultural practices, the Iran’s government applied the knowledge co-production approach and implemented an integrated participatory crop management (IPCM) project in the Bakian village, Fars province. The objectives of this study were to analyze the knowledge coproduction process, identify the factors contributing to adoption of the co-produced knowledge and investigate the corresponding social, economic and environmental impacts. A mixed-method research was conducted comprising a case study on 19 informants selected using purposive sampling and a survey of 150 rice producers selected through systematic random sampling. The results indicated the relevance and pertinence of knowledge co-production in recognizing the real problems of the rice producers and suggesting some potential adaptive strategies. Though a wide range of natural, financial, technical, institutional and structural constraints restricted adoption of the proposed adaptive strategies, application of the co-produced knowledge significantly increased water productivity, ensured higher yields and farm-based sustainable livelihoods, and enhanced resilience of the farm households under water scarcity. Some recommendations and implications are offered to increase adaptation of farm families to water scarcity.
Keywords: Co-production of knowledge | Adaptation | Water scarcity | Climate change | Integrated participatory crop management | Impact assessment
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Could Chapter 11 redeem itself? Wealth and welfare effects of the redemption option
آیا فصل 11 می تواند خود را بازخرید کند؟ اثرات ثروت و رفاه گزینه رستگاری-2020
A redemption option granted to junior creditors has been advocated to accelerate Chapter 11 negotiations and rebalance junior recovery with respect to senior claims. We develop a game-theoretic, continuoustime model of the leveraged firm under Chapter 11 to assess the wealth transfers and welfare impacts of such an amendment to the bankruptcy procedure. After fitting the model to Chapter 11 current outcomes, we show that the redemption option design overcompensates junior creditors, leading to different, but not less frequent, Absolute Priority Rule violations. Since the reform shifts negotiations from a threeto a two-player game, it reduces the scope for concessions in the bargaining process and raises the risk of liquidation. Importantly, the redemption option aligns junior creditors’ interests with those of shareholders, thereby increasing the incentives for risk-shifting prior to bankruptcy.
Keywords: Chapter 11 | Bankruptcy | APR violation | Recovery | Game theory | Dynamic programming
مقاله انگلیسی
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