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نتیجه جستجو - New energy vehicles

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 5
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 A disease transmission inspired closed-loop supply chain dynamic model for product collection
یک مدل پویا از زنجیره تامین حلقه بسته از طریق انتقال بیماری برای جمع آوری محصول-2021
This paper studies the reverse channel in dynamic closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) system which consists of manufacturers and retailers. Based on the dynamic CLSC model, we research the decisions and profits of CLSC members in different reverse channels that consider the quantitative characteristic of products. The results show that the optimal collection decisions for the given quantitative characteristic of products are diverse in different development levels of CLSC. Furthermore, we propose a transfer payment coordination mechanism based on Nash bargaining model to address the objective inconsistency between CLSC and its members. Moreover, we carry out the case study using the statistical data of Chinese new energy vehicles (NEVs). We show the robustness of results through the sensitivity analysis and offer some suggestions for the government and NEV managers in China.
Keywords: Supply chain management | Closed-loop supply chain | Dynamic model | Reverse channel | Coordination mechanism
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Conventional automotive supply chains under Chinas dual-credit policy: fuel economy, production and coordination
زنجیره تأمین خودرو متعارف تحت سیاست اعتبار دوگانه چین: اقتصاد سوخت ، تولید و هماهنگی-2021
As a sustainability policy in emerging markets, the dual-credit policy was implemented in China to reduce corporate average fuel consumption and to promote new energy vehicles (NEVs). Through a game theoretic approach, the fuel economy improvement level and the production of traditional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) and NEVs are discussed. Research and development cost sharing contracts and ICEV revenue sharing contracts are designed to coordinate conventional automotive supply chains. We compare the current and revised dual-credit policy, identify some policy flaws and propose amendments. The dual-credit policy does not always help automotive supply chains to improve fuel economy, reduce the production of high fuel con- sumption vehicles, and produce more low fuel consumption vehicles and NEVs. The implementation and se- lection of coordination contracts are explored. Both of the above contracts may not be able to coordinate the supply chain, and cost sharing contracts may be better than revenue sharing contracts in some cases. Finally, we present some management insights into the response to the dual-credit policy.
Keywords: Dual-credit policy | Automotive supply chain | Fuel economy | Coordination contract | Emerging market
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Joint optimization of charging facility investment and pricing in automobile retail supply chain and coordination
بهینه سازی مشترک سرمایه گذاری و قیمت گذاری تسهیلات شارژ در زنجیره تامین خرده فروشی خودرو و هماهنگی-2021
In terms of energy-saving and emission reduction, and the low cost of using new energy vehicles (NEVs), it’s expected to have a huge potential market. To gain more market share and meet the increasingly strict emissions regulations, auto manufacturers and distributors as the main stakeholders of the automobile retail supply chain start to make charging facility investments (CFI) to promote the adoption of new energy vehicles (NEVs). However, there is no clearly dominant strategy regarding whether and how the auto manufacturer or the retailer should create a joint optimization between their CFI and pricing strategies. Thus, we investigate a four-stage automobile retail supply chain consisting of the government, one manufacturer, one retailer, and customers. The manufacturer and the retailer contemplate CFI while setting the wholesale and retail prices with consideration of the subsidy policy and the heterogeneous customer value towards NEVs. We use Stackelberg game paradigms to model the interactions between players in the automobile retail supply chain. Besides, we derive the thresholds which determine whether the CFI should be or carried out by the manufacturer or the retailer. We find the retailer has a last-mover advantage to conduct CFI. In addition, the manufacturer or the retailer should abandon CFI by himself to have a lift in certain cases. Furthermore, the manufacturer investment cost-sharing contract is designed to coordinate the automobile retail supply chain to make Pareto optimization. It means both the manufacturer’s and the retailer’s profits can improve.
Keywords: New energy vehicles | Charging facility investment | Joint optimization | Last-mover advantage | Cost-sharing contract
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Emission pattern mining based on taxi trajectory data in Beijing
استخراج الگوی انتشار بر اساس داده های مسیر تاکسی در پکن-2019
Traffic-related air pollution has been one of the major environmental problems in China. It is urgent to explore the urban traffic emission patterns for the low-carbon urban planning and traffic management. With this purpose, a new urban traffic emission analysis model is proposed in this paper. The traffic analysis zones (TAZs) are treated as the analysis unit. Then the spatial and temporal dynamic emission patterns are studied based on taxi GPS data in Beijing. The whole urban area of Beijing is divided into 33 TAZs depending on the feature of road networks. And the trip patterns of TAZs are extracted. The instantaneous emissions of CO2, NOx, VOC and PM within and between TAZs are estimated. The relationships between emissions and road densities are studied. The results demonstrated that (1) the highest taxi trips during the day occur at 10:00, 16:00 and 20:00. (2) The variations of the 4 pollutants within and between TAZs are similar. The emissions of TAZs with business centers, entertainment centers and transportation hubs are obviously higher than others. For TAZs within the 5th Ring Road, the northern emissions are stronger than the southern. Emission patterns can be divided into 3 types, corresponding to the time periods of 0:00e3:00, 3:00e6:00 and 6:00e24:00. (3) There is a positive relationship between emissions within and between TAZs and road densities. And when the road densities of TAZs are bigger than 0.6, emissions within TAZs will rise up obviously with the increasing road densities. The policy implications of results include the region function planning, traffic planning, the public transport improvement, optimal design of charging stations and new energy vehicles promotion
Keywords: Data mining | Traffic analysis zone | Emission pattern | Beijing
مقاله انگلیسی
5 On-road vehicle emissions and their control in China: A review and outlook
انتشار گازهای وسایل نقلیه و کنترل آنها در چین: بررسی و چشم انداز-2017
The large (26-fold over the past 25 years) increase in the on-road vehicle fleet in China has raised sustainability concerns regarding air pollution prevention, energy conservation, and climate change mitigation. China has established integrated emission control policies and measures since the 1990s, including implementation of emission standards for new vehicles, inspection and maintenance programs for in-use vehicles, improvement in fuel quality, promotion of sustainable transportation and alternative fuel vehicles, and traffic management pro grams. As a result, emissions of major air pollutants from on-road vehicles in China have peaked and are now de clining despite increasing vehicle population. As might be expected, progress in addressing vehicle emissions has not always been smooth and challenges such as the lack of low sulfur fuels, frauds over production conformity and in-use inspection tests, and unreliable retrofit programs have been encountered. Considering the high emission density from vehicles in East China, enhanced vehicle, fuel and transportation strategies will be required to address vehicle emissions in China. We project the total vehicle population in China to reach 400–500 million by 2030. Serious air pollution problems in many cities of China, in particular high ambient PM2.5 concentration, have led to pressure to accelerate the progress on vehicle emission reduction. A notable example is the draft China 6 emission standard released in May 2016, which contains more stringent emission limits than those in the Euro 6 regulations, and adds a real world emission testing protocol and a 48-h evaporation testing procedure including diurnal and hot soak emis sions. A scenario (PC[1]) considered in this study suggests that increasingly stringent standards for vehicle emis sions could mitigate total vehicle emissions of HC, CO, NOX and PM2.5 in 2030 by approximately 39%, 57%, 59% and 79%, respectively, compared with 2013 levels. With additional actions to control the future light-duty passenger vehicle population growth and use, and introduce alternative fuels and new energy vehicles, the China total ve hicle emissions of HC, CO, NOX and PM2.5 in 2030 could be reduced by approximately 57%, 71%, 67% and 84%, re spectively, (the PC[2] scenario) relative to 2013. This paper provides detailed policy roadmaps and technical options related to these future emission reductions for governmental stakeholders.
Keywords: Vehicle emissions | Emission control | Policy
مقاله انگلیسی
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