با سلام خدمت کاربران در صورتی که با خطای سیستم پرداخت بانکی مواجه شدید از طریق کارت به کارت (6037997535328901 بانک ملی ناصر خنجری ) مقاله خود را دریافت کنید (تا مشکل رفع گردد).
ردیف | عنوان | نوع |
---|---|---|
1 |
Evaluation of infrared thermography combined with behavioral biometrics for estrus detection in naturally cycling dairy cows
ارزیابی ترموگرافی مادون قرمز همراه با بیومتریک رفتاری برای تشخیص فحلی در گاوهای شیری دوچرخه سواری طبیعی-2021 Low estrus detection rates (>50%) are associated to extended calving intervals, low economic profit and
reduced longevity in Holstein dairy cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of
infrared thermography and behavioral biometrics combined as potential estrus alerts in naturally (not
induced) cycling dairy cows housed in a tie-stall barn. Eighteen first lactation cows were subjected to
transrectal ultrasonography to determine spontaneous ovulation. The dominant follicle (DF) disappearance was used retrospectively as an indirect indicator of ovulation, and to establish the estrus period
(48–24 h prior the DF disappearance). Raw skin temperature (Raw IR) and residual skin temperature
(Res IR) were recorded using an infrared camera at the Vulva area with the tail (Vtail), Vulva area without
the tail (Vnotail), and Vulva’s external lips (Vlips) at AM and PM milking from Day 14 until two days after
ovulation was confirmed. Behavioral biometrics were recorded on the same schedule as infrared scan.
Behavioral biometrics included large hip movements (L-hip), small hip movements (S-hip), large tail
movements and small tail movements to compare behavioral changes between estrus and nonestrus
periods. Significant increases in Raw IR skin temperature were observed two days prior to ovulation
(Vtail; 35.93 ± 0.27 C, Vnotail; 35.59 ± 0.27 C, and Vlips; 35.35 ± 0.27 C) compared to d 5
(Proestrus; Vtail; 35.29 ± 0.27 C, Vnotail; 34.93 ± 0.31 C, and Vlips; 34.68 ± 0.27 C). No significant
changes were found for behavioral parameters with the exception of S-hip movements, which increased
at two days before ovulation (d 2; 11.13 ± 1.44 Events/5min) compared to d 5 (7.30 ± 1.02
Events/5min). To evaluate the accuracy of thermal and behavioral biometrics, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed using Youden index (YJ), diagnostic odds ratio, positive likelihood
ratio (LR+), Sensitivity, Specificity and Positive predicted value to score the estrus alerts. The greatest
accuracy achieved using thermal parameters was for Res IR Vtail PM (YJ = 0.34) and L-hip PM
(YJ = 0.27) for behavioral biometrics. Combining thermal and behavioral parameters did not improve
the YJ index score but reduced the false-positive occurrence observed by increasing the diagnostic odds
ratio (26.62), LR+ (12.47), Specificity (0.97) and positive predicted value (0.90) in a Res IR Vtail PM, S-hip
AM, S-hip PM combination. The combination of thermal and behavioral parameters increased the accuracy of estrus detection compared to either thermal or behavioral biometrics, independently in naturally
cycling cows during milking.
Keywords: Combined-parameters | First-lactating | Movement-frequency | Preovulation | Skin temperature |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Pain Management Knowledge of Nurses Working in Northwest Amhara Referral Hospitals in Ethiopia During 2018
مدیریت دانش درد پرستاران شاغل در بیمارستان های ارجاع شمال غربی آمین در اتیوپی در سال 2018-2021 Background: Pain is an unpleasant emotional and sensory experience that is associated with actual or
potential tissue damage. Providing comfort and relief of pain of clients are the fundamental role of nurses
in nursing practices. However, inadequate knowledge of appropriate pain management has been reported
to be a major obstacle to implementing effective pain management by nurses.چ
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess knowledge of pain management techniques in nurses working in referral hospitals in northwest Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based, cross-sectional, interviewer-administered questionnaire study of the pain treatment knowledge of 411 nurses was conducted in 2018 in Northwest Referral Hospitals in Ethiopia. The sample size was allocated to each selected referral hospital. A systematic sampling technique was used to select study participants. The descriptive data were presented in frequency tables. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were undertaken to identify associated factors to pain management knowledge of nurses. Variables with a P value < 0.05 were considered as a significant variable. Results: Only 40.6% of nurses were judged to have had adequate knowledge regarding pain management. Number of years of training (adjusted odds ratio = 2.19; 95% CI, 1.39–3.44), prior pain education (adjusted odds ratio = 2.34; 95% CI, 1.45–3.8), and professional rank (adjusted odds ratio = 3.09; 95% CI, 1.37–6.96) were associated factors for pain management knowledge of nurses. Conclusions: The level of many nurses’ knowledge of pain management techniques were inadequate. Lack of pain training in their institution, lack of pain education in their academic curriculum, and professional rank were predictors of these nurses’ pain management knowledge. Providing pain management training and employing higher service rank nurses are likely to result in increased nurses’ knowledge of proper pain management techniques. keywords: Knowledge | Nursing | Northwest Ethiopia | Pain management |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
ارتباط بین نوع زایمان و افسردگی پس از آن (PPD)
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 8 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 21 پیش زمینه : افسردگی پس از زایمان (PPD) با پیامدهای نامطلوب سلامتی از جمله خودکشی مادران همراه است. نوع زایمان از جمله ریسک فاکتورهای مربوط به افسردگی پس از زایمان (PPD) می باشد اما مطالعات گسترده ای در زمینه ارتباط بین نوع زایمان با افسردگی پس از زایمان صورت نگرفته است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی ارتباط بین نوع زایمان با افسردگی پس از آن بین یک و شش ماه پس از زایمان می باشد.
روش ها : در یک مطالعه سراسری بر روی 89954 مادر با تولد تک قلو زنده، ما ارتباط بین نوع زایمان و خطرات افسردگی پس از زایمان ( PPD ) را بررسی کردیم. PPD با استفاده از مقیاس افسردگی پس از زایمان ادینبورگ (≥13) در 1 و 6 ماه پس از زایمان ارزیابی شد. نسبت احتمال ( Odds ratios (ORs) ) با فاصله اطمینان ( confidence intervals (CIs) ) 95% از افسردگی پس از زایمان ( PPD ) با استفاده از رگرسیون لجستیک (logistic regression ) چند متغیره پس از تعدیل عوامل فیزیکی، اجتماعی-اقتصادی و روانی قبل از تولد محاسبه شد. نتایج : از میان 89954 زن , 3.7% در ماه اول پس از زایمان و 2.8% در ماه ششم پس از زایمان دارای افسردگی بودند. در مقایسه با زایمان طبیعی واژینال بدون کمک, زایمان به شکل سزارین به شکل بارزی با افسردگی در ماه اول همراه بود اما در ماه ششم به این شکل نبود و ORهای تعدیل شده به ترتیب 1.10 (95% CI، 1.00-1.21) و 1.01 (95% CI، 0.90-1.13) بودند. افسردگی در ماه اول در زنانی که پریشانی روانی در دوران بارداری داشتند مشهود بود (OR تعدیل شده 1.15؛ 95% فاصله اطمینان (CI)، 1.03-1.28) اما ارتباط مشاهده شده پس از سازگار شدن مادر با موضوع با روش تغذیه نوزاد کاهش یافت. نتیجه گیری : مادرانی که در دوران بارداری مشکلات روانی داشته اند و مادرانی که با روش سزارین زایمان کرده اند در معرض ابتلا به به افسردگی پس از زایمان می باشند. کلمات کلیدی: سزارین | افسردگی پس از زایمان | پریشانی روانی | شیردهی | مطالعه آینده نگر |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
4 |
Association Between Abnormal Fetal Head Growth and Autism Spectrum Disorder
ارتباط بین رشد غیرطبیعی سر جنین و اختلال طیف اوتیسم-2021 Objective: Despite evidence for the prenatal onset of abnormal head growth in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), studies on fetal
ultrasound data in ASD are limited and controversial.
Method: We conducted a longitudinal matched case-siblingcontrol study on prenatal ultrasound biometric measures of children with ASD, and 2 control groups: (1) their own typically developed sibling (TDS) and (2) typically developed population (TDP). The cohort comprised 528 children (72.7% male), 174 with ASD, 178 TDS, and 176 TDP. Results: During the second trimester, ASD and TDS fetuses had significantly smaller biparietal diameter (BPD) than TDP fetuses (adjusted odds ratio for the z score of BPD [aORzBPD] ¼ 0.685, 95% CI ¼ 0.5270.890, and aORzBPD ¼ 0.587, 95% CI ¼ 0.4590.751, respectively). However, these differences became statistically indistinguishable in the third trimester. Interestingly, head biometric measures varied by sex, with male fetuses having larger heads than female fetuses within and across groups. A linear mixed-effect model assessing the effects of sex and group assignment on fetal longitudinal head growth indicated faster BPD growth in TDS versus both ASD and TDP in male fetuses (b ¼ 0.084 and b ¼ 0.100 respectively; p < .001) but not in female fetuses, suggesting an ASD–sex interaction in head growth during gestation. Finally, fetal head growth showed conflicting correlations with ASD severity in male and female children across different gestation periods, thus further supporting the sex effect on the association between fetal head growth and ASD. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that abnormal fetal head growth is a familial trait of ASD, which is modulated by sex and is associated with the severity of the disorder. Thus, it could serve as an early biomarker for ASD. Key words: autism spectrum disorder | prenatal ultrasound | head growth | fetal development |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
Predictors of nurses attitudes and knowledge towards pain management in Italy: A cross-sectional study in the hospital settings
پیش بینی کننده نگرش پرستاران و دانش نسبت به مدیریت درد در ایتالیا:یک مطالعه مقطعی در تنظیمات بیمارستان-2021 Introduction: Pain is multidimensional, and as such it is the chief reason patients require urgent health care
services. If inadequately assessed and untreated, pain may negatively impact on the quality of life of the patient.
Pain management is an essential part of Nursing. The aim to this study is to examine the level of knowledge and
attitudes with regard to pain among Italian nurses who work in clinical settings.
Methods: The Ferrell and McCaffery’s Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain was distributed to 266
nurses employed in one specialized hospital in Rome, Italy. The staff in the survey work in three different set-
tings: the intensive care unit, the sub-intensive care unit, and an ordinary ward. Descriptive statistics were
employed and a logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the factors that may influence the attitude
and knowledge of care providers.
Results: 49.6% of the sample correctly answered items about attitudes, 47.4% about knowledge, and 36.5% about
assessment. The results show that the odds ratio of developing positive attitudes towards pain was 1.76 times
higher in nurses employed in the sub-intensive care unit than in other settings. There are no statistically sig-
nificant associations of knowledge between setting, sex or education.
Conclusions: Our survey revealed a limited overall level of knowledge and attitudes with regards to pain man-
agement among nurses. Implementing specific training for health professionals, starting with academic educa-
tion, is therefore a priority. Further research is needed on a larger sample of Italian nurses.
Key practice points
services.
What do we already know about this subject?
• Pain is universal chief reason patients require urgent health care
• Pain management is an essential part of Nursing.
What does our study add to the already existing information
• Our survey revealed and confirmed a limited overall level of
knowledge and attitudes with regards to pain management among
Italian nurses.
• There are no statistically significant associations of knowledge
• It is plausible that occur implementing specific training for nurses,
between setting, sex or education.
starting with academic education, and master degree. keywords: نگرش های | دانش | مدیریت درد | پرستاری | Attitudes | Knowledge | Pain management | Nursing | KASRP |
مقاله انگلیسی |
6 |
Factors associated with abortion at 12 or more weeks gestation after implementation of a restrictive Texas law
عوامل مرتبط با سقط جنین در 12 یا بیشتر از هفته های حاملگی پس از اجرای قانون محدود کننده تگزاس-2020 Objective: To examine factors associated with obtaining abortion at 12 or more weeks gestation in
26 Texas after implementation of a restrictive law.
27 Study Design: In this retrospective cohort study, we collected data from eight Texas abortion clinics that
28 provided services at 12 or more weeks gestation from April 1, 2015 to March 30, 2016, after a restrictive
29 abortion law enacted in November 2013 shuttered many of the state’s clinics. We examined factors
30 associated with obtaining in-clinic abortion services between 3-11 versus 12-24 weeks gestation
31 including patient race-ethnicity, income level, and driving distance to the clinic using chi-square tests
32 and calculating odds ratios. We further subcategorized abortion between 15-24 weeks to determine
33 who may be most affected by a Texas law banning dilation and evacuation (D&E).
34 Results: Among 24,555 in-clinic abortions, 19.2% (n=4,714) occurred at 12 or more weeks gestation.
35 Compared to patients who obtained care between 3-11 weeks, those who obtained care at 12 or more
36 weeks were more likely to be Black than White (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.05-1.31), live ≤110% of the federal
37 poverty level than have higher income (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.94-2.26), and drive 50+ miles than 1-24 miles
38 to obtain care (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.15-1.38). These associations remained for those obtaining care
39 between 15-24 weeks. Even after adjusting for race-ethnicity and driving distance, low-income patients
40 had greater odds of obtaining care in between 15-24 weeks (aOR 1.52; 95% CI 1.21-1.91).
41 Conclusions: Patients obtaining abortion at 12 or more weeks gestation in Texas are more likely Black, low-income, and travel far distances to obtain in-clinic care.
43 Implications: In Texas, patients who are Black, low-income, and travel the farthest are more likely to
44 obtain in-clinic abortion between 15-24 weeks gestation, commonly performed via D&E. If Texas Senate
45 Bill 8 (SB8) banning D&E goes into effect, these patients may be prevented from obtaining care. |
مقاله انگلیسی |
7 |
Predictors of Traumatic Suicide Attempts in Youth Presenting to Hospitals with Level I Trauma Centers
پیش بینی اقدام به خودکشی آسیب زا در جوانان مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان های مراکز ترومای سطح یک-2020 Background: Limited research exists examining
the predictors of suicide attempts by mechanism.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine predictors
of traumatic suicide attempts in youth. Methods: Data
came from patients 5–18 years of age presenting because
of a suicide attempt at 2 hospitals in Central Texas with level
I trauma centers. Univariate logistic regression examined
the association between traumatic suicide attempts and variables
describing the patient’s demographic, mental health,
and social information. We used the Mann–Whitney U test
to examine the association between traumatic suicide attempts
and the continuous variable of age. Results: Of 231
patients included in this study, most were female (75.8%),
non-Hispanic white (48.1%), and had a median age of
15.0 years (interquartile range 14–16). Compared with patients
presenting because of an intentional overdose, patients
presenting because of traumatic suicide attempts were associated
with a reported criminal history (odds ratio [OR]
14.50 [95% confidence interval {CI} 3.84–54.82]), reported
Child Protective Services history (OR 3.26 [95% CI 0.99–
10.77]), being publicly insured or uninsured (OR 1.80
[95% CI 1.02–3.19]), male (OR 2.37 [95% CI 1.28–4.38]),
and identifying as Hispanic (OR 2.01 [95% CI 1.10–3.68).
Conclusions: Our findings inform targeted preventative resources
and education efforts to populations of greatest
need. Keywords: emergency department | suicide attempt | trauma center | traumatic suicide attempt | youth |
مقاله انگلیسی |
8 |
A meta-analysis of the relationship between psychosis and any type of criminal offending, in both men and women
متاآنالیز رابطه بین روان پریشی و هر نوع جرم مجرمانه ، در زنان و مردان-2020 Background: Psychosis is known to be associated with an increased risk of violent offending, but the risk of criminal
offending of any type is not so well understood, including the nature and extent of any differences in
offending risk for men and women with psychosis.
Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases from1970 toMarch 2020was conducted to identify studies
comparing criminal offending amongst those with psychosis to a general population sample. A meta-analysis
was performed, with separate analyses undertaken for men and women.
Results: Eight studies, with a total of 15,446 individuals with psychosis and 186,752 controls fromgeneral population
sources, met our inclusion criteria. The pooled odds ratio for any type of criminal offending for men with
psychosiswas 2.42 (95% CI=1.63–3.59), and for women itwas 2.81 (95% CI=2.11–3.76). Substantial between
study heterogeneity was identified.
Conclusions: Although the pooled odds ratio for all types of offending was not as high as has been found for violence,
those with psychotic illness were more than twice as likely to have had contact with the criminal justice
system for any type of criminal offence, compared to the general population. Little difference in risk was seen
for women compared to men with psychosis. Clinical risk assessments and the development of interventions
to reduce risk of contact with the criminal justice system should consider that risk of offending for those with
psychosis extends right across the spectrum of offence types. Keywords: Psychosis | Offending | Crime | Justice | Sex differences |
مقاله انگلیسی |
9 |
Impact of hygiene on bacterial contamination in extended boar semen: An eight-year retrospective study of 28 European AI centers
تأثیر بهداشت بر آلودگی باکتریایی در منی گسترده گراز: مطالعه هشت ساله گذشته نگر از 28 مرکز هوش مصنوعی اروپا-2020 Antibiotic agents such as gentamicin represent essential components of semen extenders in order to
reduce bacterial contamination. But antibiotic resistance increases and AI centers start utilizing antibiotic
agents which are more potent. Therefore, a shift to preventing bacterial contamination has to take place.
In this study, we could demonstrate that hygiene is a tool capable of reducing bacterial load. In order to
analyze 1434 extended semen samples and nine specially established hygienic critical control points
(HCCPs, n ¼ 828), 92 quality control audits have been carried out in a time period from 2012 until 2019 in
28 European AI centers. The results show the process of introducing a basic hygienic standard in audit 1
(2012/2013) and 2 (2014/2015) and the resulting achievements by means of improved hygienic conditions
in audit 3 (2016/2017) and 4 (2018/2019). Within the scope of audit 1, 19% of the semen samples
were contaminated with bacteria (cutoff 100 colony-forming units/mL). Audit 2 showed a bacterial load
of 13.6% whereas during audit 3 and 4 very low bacterial contamination rates were recorded (4.5 and
5.5%, respectively). In the same manner, analysis of hygiene at different CCPs during semen production
showed a decrease in all average HCCP-scores (score 1e6) comparing audit 4 to 1. By regression analysis
we could show a significant audit-dependent association of the bacterial contamination in semen
samples and hygiene of HCCPs. Furthermore, analysis of the odds ratio (OR) reveals that the bacterial
contamination of certain HCCPs poses an increased risk of receiving bacterially contaminated semen
samples (filling machine: OR ¼ 3.02, P ¼ 0.06; extender: OR ¼ 8.97, P < 0.001; inner face of dilution tank
lids: OR ¼ 3.14, P ¼ 0.09). Around 60% of the variance of the bacterial contamination in semen samples
could be explained by hygienic conditions at different control points and their interaction with audit
period and AI center. Antimicrobial agents are essential to protect human and animal health but
excessive or inappropriate use can lead to the emergence of resistant bacteria. As shown in our study,
hygiene management can significantly reduce bacterial contamination and is therefore capable of preventing
antibiotic resistance. Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance | Bacteria | Bacterial contamination | Boar semen | Boar semen preservation | Hygiene |
مقاله انگلیسی |
10 |
A literature review and meta-analysis on the effects of ADHD medications on functional outcomes
بررسی ادبیات و متاآنالیز در مورد تأثیر داروهای ADHD بر نتایج عملکردی-2020 Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature from large databases and registries to
assess the effects of ADHD medication on associated functional outcomes.
Study design: A literature search was performed in PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Web of Science for articles
published prior to January 2019. Sample size, age range, country of origin, medication type, number of functional
events and non-events, odds ratios and hazard ratios, and means and standard deviations were extracted.
Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for 21 studies examining functional outcomes.
Results: 40 articles were included. The majority suggest a robust protective effect of ADHD medication treatment
on mood disorders, suicidality, criminality, substance use disorders, accidents and injuries, traumatic brain
injuries, motor vehicle crashes, and educational outcomes. Similarly, the meta-analyses demonstrated a protective
effect of medication treatment on academic outcomes, accidents and injuries, and mood disorders.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that ADHD medication treatments are associated with decreases in the risks
for a wide range of ADHD-associated functional outcomes supporting efforts aimed at early diagnosis and
treatment of individuals with ADHD. Keywords: ADHD | Stimulants | Functional outcomes | Medication adherence |
مقاله انگلیسی |