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نتیجه جستجو - Opportunism

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 12
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Voicing concerns: The balance between data protection principles and research developments in forensic speech science
نگرانی های بیان: تعادل بین اصول حفاظت از داده ها و تحولات تحقیقاتی در علم گفتار پزشکی قانونی-2021
The status of forensic speech recordings among existing data protection guidance is not clear. The inherent nature of voice and the way in which forensic speech casework is currently allocated mean that there are additional barriers to incorporating real casework data into research activities. The key objective of this work is to explore data protection solutions that could enable the forensic speech science community to responsibly use real casework data for research and development purposes. While reviewing relevant guidance and rulings, is- sues such as proportionality, opportunism and data minimisation are addressed, as well as where voice sits inrelation to the definition of “biometric data”. This paper ultimately places forensic speech recordings in the dataprotection context to illuminate the specific issues that arise for this data type.
Keywords: Data protection | Forensic speech recordings | Data retention | Proportionality
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Civil unrest, emergency powers, and spillover effects: A mixed methods analysis of the 2005 French riots
ناآرامی های غیرنظامی ، قدرت اضطراری و گسترش تأثیرات : تجزیه و تحلیل روش های مختلط از شورش های فرانسه در 2005-2020
From early to mid-November 2005, many French urban suburbs experienced riots. In the affected areas the government declared a state of emergency which gave the police ex- trajudicial powers. It remained in place until January. I investigate whether the riots gen- erated criminal spillovers, whether the emergency powers deterred criminal activity, and whether the police used those powers opportunistically to bust crime unrelated to the riots. I supplement linear regressions with a non-parametric bounded-variation assump- tions framework combined with a synthetic control approach, and interviews I conducted with two of the events’ key actors. Criminals did not take advantage of the riots to com- mit more crimes requiring planning. However, the riots triggered a surge of violent thefts. The state of emergency did not result in a decrease in delinquency. Several clues sug- gest a strategy of appeasement. Meanwhile, some serious crimes increased immediately after the riots ended, suggesting an emboldening effect. Evidence of police opportunism is scant.
Keywords: Riots | Opportunism | Crime | Police | Emergency powers | Bounded variation assumptions
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Nature and evolution of trust in business-to-business settings : Insights from VC-entrepreneur relationships
ماهیت و تحول اعتماد در تنظیمات کسب و کار به کسب و کار: بینشی از روابط VC و کارآفرین-2020
While the importance of trust in B2B relationships has been well established, research is yet to investigate its processual nature. This study investigates the VC-Entrepreneur relationship – a special B2B relationship to outline the nature and evolution of trust across a ventures life cycle. Results suggest that early-stage relationships are characterized by asymmetric trust, which declines with time and impacts cooperation between both sides, access to funding and business networks, contract enforcement, feedback, mentorship, and knowledge sharing. Late-stage VC- Entrepreneur relationships suffer from symmetric distrust, which increases with time, resulting in an overt emphasis on contracts, syndicated investments, disagreements during decision making, and pressure to exit. This study extends B2B trust literature by offering a relationship-phase-contingent view of trust across a ventures life cycle, outlining specific contexts that question the reciprocal and symmetric assumption of trust in dyadic relationships. It highlights how the interplay among power, opportunism, and weak institutional environment dictate dyadic trust. And finally, the paper outlines three testable propositions on trust in VCEntrepreneur relationships that can be extended to other emerging economies.
Keywords: B2B relationships | Emerging markets | Entrepreneurship | Trust | Venture capital
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Environmental uncertainty, specific assets, and opportunism in 3PL relationships: A transaction cost economics perspective
عدم قطعیت محیطی، دارایی های ویژه و فرصت طلبی در روابط 3PL: یک دیدگاه اقتصادی هزینه ای تراکنشی-2018
Service provider opportunism is a serious concern in third party logistics (3PL) relationships. However, our knowledge about the antecedents of 3PL providers opportunism is limited. According to transaction cost economics (TCE), increased transaction costs cause opportunism. This study incorporates key TCE constructs (environmental uncertainty, specific assets, and opportunism) and conducts a transaction cost analysis. We argue that environmental uncertainty and specific assets create exchange hazards that result in opportunism. Meanwhile, specific assets reduce coordination costs raised by environmental uncertainty. Building on these arguments, this study tests a model that hypothesizes that environmental uncertainty (demand, supply, and technology uncertainty), and specific assets (user- and provider-specific assets) are positively related to opportunism, and that environmental uncertainty is positively related to specific assets. Structural equation modeling is used to examine data from 247 3PL relationships in China. The results show that demand uncertainty decreases opportunism, supply uncertainty increases opportunism, and technology uncertainty does not have a significant effect. User-specific assets increase opportunism, while provider-specific assets decrease opportunism. Demand and supply uncertainty have positive effects on user-specific assets, but non-significant effects on provider-specific assets, while technology uncertainty does not have a significant impact on user or provider-specific assets. In general, our findings are supported by the rationale of TCE, and industrial or cultural factors can explain several surprising findings. This study contributes to 3PL literature and practice.
keywords: Environmental uncertainty |Specific assets |Opportunism |3PL |Transaction cost economics
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Impact of quality performance ambiguity on contractors opportunistic behaviors in person-to-organization projects: The mediating roles of contract design and application
تاثیر ابهام در عملکرد کیفی روی رفتارهای فرصت طلبانه طرف قرارداد در پروژه های فرد - به - سازمان: نقش های واسطه ای طراحی و کاربرد قرارداد-2018
Contracts are critical for managing projects. However, studies increasingly found that contracts, albeit well written, might not be thoroughly implemented. This study aims to examine the impact of quality performance ambiguity on contractors opportunistic behaviors in person-to-organization projects and to investigate the mediating role of contract design and application. A questionnaire-survey of 265 dwelling fit-out projects was undertaken in China. The results showed that quality performance ambiguity has great impacts on project development as it hinders detailed contract drafting, results in ineffective contract application and leads to opportunism. The mediation results showed that contract application rather than the written contract mediates the effect of quality performance ambiguity on contractors opportunistic behaviors. Thus, it is recommended that project managers should pay attention to project characteristics and the gaps between the design and application of contracts in project management.
keywords: Opportunistic behaviors |Contractual governance |Performance ambiguity |Contract application
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Collaboration and opportunism as mediators of the relationship between NPD project uncertainty and NPD project performance
همکاری و فرصت طلبی به عنوان واسطه هایی برای رابطه بین عدم قطعیت پروژه NDP و عملکرد پروژه NDP-2018
This study aims to conceptualize NPD (New Product Development) project uncertainty and investigate how the project uncertainty influences project performance through collaboration and opportunism. An empirical examination is conducted to test such relationships within the scope of Korean manufacturing firms, which are currently engaging in NPD projects with their key partner. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is performed to prove proposed hypotheses. The empirical findings suggested that higher level of project uncertainty leads to collaboration and opportunism and that these two factors come into play in project performance in an opposing way: collaboration serves as a driver of project performance whereas opportunism acts as a barrier against it.
keywords: Project uncertainty |Collaboration |Opportunism |Project performance |NPD projects
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Are stock-financed takeovers opportunistic?
آیا سرریزهای مالی و سهامی فرصت طلبانه هستند؟-2018
The more the target knows about the bidder, the more difficult is paying the target with overpriced bidder shares. Thus, when bidders are opportunistic, the fraction of stock in the deal payment will be lower for better informed targets. We test this intuitive prediction against the alternative that stock payments primarily reflect bidder concerns with target adverse selection, which implies a greater fraction of stock in the deal payment for better informed targets. Discriminating between these two mutually exclusive and nested predictions requires measures of target information about the bidder but not of market mispricing. We find that public bidders systematically use more stock in the payment when the target knows more about the bidder. Tests exploiting exogenous variation in bidder market-to-book ratios also fail to support bidder opportunism. Finally, greater potential competition from private bidders is associated with greater propensity for public bidders to pay in cash.
keywords: Takeover bidding |Payment method |Stock payment |Adverse selection |Acquirer mispricing
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Consumer engagement in an online brand community
مشارکت مصرف کننده در یک انجمن برند آنلاین-2017
This research aims to explain members’ online brand community (OBC) engagement and participation based on their relationships with other members and with the community sponsor. It proposes a conceptual model integrating variables that have been studied in previous research on brand trust, OBC identifica tion, and satisfaction, and others that have received little or no research attention, including the OBC sponsor’s opportunism, sponsor’s control, and OBC experience, with OBC engagement playing a key role. The conceptual model has been tested by applying structural equation modelling to a database of 628 consumers belonging to over 260 different online brand communities OBC from diverse economic sectors: for example, brands involving sports (Adidas and Nike), fashion (Mango, Stradivarius and Zara) and technology (Apple, Samsung and Sony). In general, the authors conclude the importance of engagement in explaining a member’s involvement in a community, and the important role played by antecedents such as online brand community experience and trust, not only directly but also indirectly via identification with the community. The results confirm the influence of engagement upon a member’s participation in a community. Our study supports this direction of the relationship over the reverse – participation engagement – as suggested by other previous works. With regard to the antecedents of trust in the online brand community, it has been concluded that using the community for mainly commercial purposes has a negative effect.
Keywords: Brand engagement | Community sponsor | Consumer engagement | Online brand communities | Participation engagement | Structural equation modeling | Survey research
مقاله انگلیسی
9 چگونه فرصت طلبی مدیریتی بر هزینه منبع یابی برای بدهی اثر می گذارد؟
سال انتشار: 2017 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 50 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 42
این مقاله با استفاده از سنگربندی مدیریتی و فعالیتهای مدیریت درآمدها به نمایندگی از فرصت طلبی مدیران تاثیر رفتار مدیران بر روی هزینه منبع یابی برای بدهی را بررسی می کند. این مطالعه نشان می دهد که سطوح پایین فرصت طلبی مدیریتی منجر به بهره مند شدن شرکتها از هزینه های شرکتی پایین تر و نرخ های اعتبار بالاتر می شود. به علاوه، یافته ها بیان می کنند که هزینه ها بالای شرکتی و نرخ های پایین اعتبار به طور کلی با فعالیتهای درآمد افرای مدیریت درآمدها همراه هستند. من همچنین تاثیر تغییرات عمده در قانون گذاری درمورد "نقش نظارتی" دست اندرکاران بازار بدهی (یعنی ضمانت داران و آژانس های رتبه بندی) را برسی می کنم. من با استفاده از اقدام ساربانس – اوکسلی به عنوان جابجایی مهم در قانونگذاری آمریکا شواهد قوی پیدا کردم که نشان می دهد تغییرات چشمگیر مورد نیاز برای این اقدام، این "نقش نظارتی" را ارتقا داده است چراکه فرصت طلبی مدیریتی به نظر می رسد که شدیدا" فقط پس ازتصویب این اقدام تنبیه شود.
واژه های کلیدی: فرصت طلبی مدیریتی | ارتقا، مدیریت درآمد | هزینه های بدهی و رتبه بندی | تغییر مقررات
مقاله ترجمه شده
10 The nature of ethical entrepreneurship in tourism
ماهیت کارآفرینی اخلاقی در گردشگری-2017
This article examines ethical entrepreneurship in tourism by developing a Weberian Ideal Type Construct for an ethical tourism entrepreneur, and thereby deeper understanding of ethical tourism entrepreneurship. This research contributes to the extremely scarce litera ture at the academic juncture of ethics, tourism and entrepreneurship, which is significant as tourism is characterised by entrepreneurial idiosyncrasies with ethical challenges. The study is methodologically rooted in Personal Construct Theory. The qualitative findings from 15 semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs, who have been commended for their ethical business conduct, show that ethical entrepreneurship in tourism is based on intuitionism, care and relationships, future-orientation, humility and benevolence as key virtues. These findings challenge the more traditional views of entrepreneurial attributes, such as egoism, risk-taking and opportunism.
Keywords: Entrepreneurial ethic ، Tourism entrepreneur ، Weber’s Ideal-Type ، Personal Construct Theory
مقاله انگلیسی
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