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تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 220
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Mobile Control Plane Design for Quantum Satellite Backbones
طراحی هواپیمای کنترل سیار برای ستون فقرات ماهواره ای کوانتومی-2022
The interconnection of quantum computers through the so-called Quantum Internet is a very promising approach. The most critical issues concern the physical layer, considering that the creation of entanglement over long distances is still problematic. Given the difficulty that usually arises from fiber optics due to exponential losses, the introduction of intermediate quantum repeaters (QRs) allows mitigating the problem. A quantum satellite network based on QRs on satellites deployed over low Earth orbit could make it possible to overcome the constraints of terrestrial optical networks. Hence, the recent technological developments in terms of quantum satellite communications motivated our investigation on an ad hoc quantum satellite backbone design based on the software defined networking paradigm with a control plane directly integrated into the constellation itself. Our aim is to outline some guidelines by comparing several options. Specifically, the focus is to analyze different architectural solutions making some considerations on their feasibility, possible benefits, and costs. Finally, we performed some simulations on the architectures we considered the most promising, concluding that the integration of the control plane in the constellation itself is the most appropriate solution.
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مقاله انگلیسی
2 Quantum Cryptanalysis on a Multivariate Cryptosystem Based on Clipped Hopfield Neural Network
رمزگذاری کوانتومی بر روی یک سیستم رمزنگاری چند متغیره بر اساس شبکه عصبی هاپفیلد بریده شده-2022
Shor’s quantum algorithm and other efficient quantum algorithms can break many public-key cryptographic schemes in polynomial time on a quantum computer. In response, researchers proposed postquantum cryptography to resist quantum computers. The multivariate cryptosystem (MVC) is one of a few options of postquantum cryptography. It is based on the NP-hardness of the computational problem to solve nonlinear equations over a finite field. Recently, Wang et al. (2018) proposed a MVC based on extended clipped hopfield neural networks (eCHNN). Its main security assumption is backed by the discrete logarithm (DL) problem over Matrics. In this brief, we present quantum cryptanalysis of Wang et al.’s eCHNN-based MVC. We first show that Shor’s quantum algorithm can be modified to solve the DL problem over Matrics. Then we show that Wang et al.’s construction of eCHNN-based MVC is not secure against quantum computers; this against the original intention of that multivariate cryptography is one of a few options of postquantum cryptography.
keywords: Clipped Hopfiled neural network | Diffie-Hellman key exchange scheme | discrete logarithm (DL) problem | multivariate cryptography | quantum algorithm.
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Diagnosis and management of premature ovarian insufficiency
تشخیص و مدیریت نارسایی تخمدان زودرس-2021
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a complex clinical syndrome with life-changing physiological and psychological consequence in young women of reproductive age. However, the understanding of the etiology, diagnosis and optimal intervention strategies for this condition remains poorly understood. In recent years advances in epidemiologic and genetic research has improved our knowledge and awareness of POI. Further prospective randomised trials are required to improve the psychological and sexual health, fertility treatment options and long-term management of the impact on bone, cardiovascular and cognitive impact in women with POI. In this paper we aim to provide an overview on the diagnosis and management of POI, discuss the current understanding of the condition and future directions.
keywords: تخریب تخمدان زودرس | درمان جایگزینی هورمون | استروژن | بیماری قلب و عروقی | سلامت شناختی | سلامت باروری | premature ovarian insufficiency | hormone replacement therapy | estrogen-deficiency | cardiovascular disease | cognitive health | reproductive health
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy: Global Developments in New Energy Technologies and Development of Energy Technology from the Micro to the Macro-Scale
پیشرفت‌ها در مهندسی برق، الکترونیک و انرژی: تحولات جهانی در فناوری‌های انرژی جدید و توسعه فناوری انرژی از مقیاس خرد تا مقیاس کلان-2021
Global warming and increasingly severe weather events have given a new and increasingly urgent focus to energy technology. Currently there is major growth in novel technologies such as energy harvesting, self-powering wearable devices, and options enabling a move to a post carbon future using a range of advanced materials (for example, carbon-based nanomaterials), especially for low power devices. By contrast, large thermal energy development is focused on either using renewable energy or developing thermal boilers with high electrical efficiency and low emissions. Electrical energy efficiency of 50% or more is increasingly being held out as feasible in the next several decades. However, most of these advancements concerning large boilers depend heavily on materials development, which can be an extremely slow process. Genuinely new approaches which might include improved fusion energy technology, or ultra large batteries, or even devices built on systems employing superconductivity are also possible, although it seems unlikely that any such technologies will play a critical role in achieving greenhouse goals in the next decade, but they might well become important to achieve 2050 targets. Renewables remain one of the most promising frontiers, but they need to be made cheaper and combined with better energy storage.
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Environmental impacts of animal-based food supply chains with market characteristics
تأثیرات زیست محیطی زنجیره های تأمین مواد غذایی حیوانی با ویژگی های بازار-2021
Animal-based food supply chains lead to significant environmental impacts, which can be influenced by production systems, distribution networks and consumption patterns. To develop strategy aimed at reducing the environmental impact of animal-based food supply chains, the common environmental hotspots among different types of food, the role of transport logistics and the consequence of end market need to be better understood. Life cycle assessment was adopted to model three types of animal-based food chains (beef, butter and salmon), with specific technologies, high spatial-resolution logistics and typical consumption patterns for three markets: local, regional (intra-European) and international. The results confirmed that the farm production stage usually had the greatest environmental impact, except when air transport was used for distribution. Potentially, the role of end market also can significantly influence the environmental impacts. To understand more, three improvement options were examined in detail with regard to hotspots for climate change: novel feed ingredients (farm production stage), sustainable aviation fuel (transport and logistics stage) and reduction of wasted food (consumption and end of life stage). Significant reduction was achieved in the salmon system by sustainable aviation fuel (64%) and novel feed (15%). Minimizing food waste drove the greatest reduction in the beef supply chain (23%) and the international butter supply chain can reduce 50% of GHG mission by adopting sustainable aviation fuel. Combined interventions could reduce GHG emission of animal-based food supply chains by 15% to 82%, depending on market, transport and food waste behaviour. The results show that ecoefficiency information of animal-based foods should include the full supply chain. The effective mitigation strategy to achieve the greatest reduction should not only consider the impacts on-farm, but also detail of the downstream impacts, such as food distribution network and consumption patterns.
Keywords: Sustainability | Life cycle analysis | Animal-based food supply chain | Spatial-resolution
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Towards improved and multi-scale liquefied natural gas supply chains: Thermodynamic analysis
به سمت زنجیره تأمین گاز طبیعی مایع بهبود یافته و چند مقیاس: تحلیل ترمودینامیکی-2021
The liquefied natural gas (LNG) chain requires significant amounts of resources. Enhancing its efficiency is essential due to environmental concerns, amongst others. Here, we presented various optimization, integration, and multi-scale opportunities that can improve the chain’s outputs for a given feed. Our recommendations were derived from rigorous thermodynamic analyses while considering multiple operational modes. Many opportunities were identified; some are suitable for immediate implementation, while others are futuristic. The most appealing options relate to the deployment of cutting-edge energy generators. For 7.81GW feed exergy, the chain’s prevailing holding mode loss is enough to power a mega LNG plant processing 23GW feed exergy. Many heat integration opportunities are missed due to standard practices. Losses in standalone mode can be misleading. When considering the utility steps, liquefaction and sweetening losses are the highest. Fuel cells and solar energy are well suited for these and can potentially enhance the chain LNG delivery by over 30%.
Keywords: Pinch | Solid oxide fuel cells | Exergy | LNG | Solar
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Attention as a source of variability in decision-making: Accounting for overall-value effects with diffusion models
توجه به عنوان منبع تغییرپذیری در تصمیم گیری: حسابداری اثرات ارزش کلی با مدل های انتشار-2021
Research has demonstrated that value-based decisions depend on not only the relative value difference between options, but also their overall value. In particular, response times tend to decrease as the overall (summed) value of the options increase. Standard sequential sampling models such as the diffusion model can account for this fact by assuming that decision thresholds or noise vary with overall value. Alternatively, gaze-based models that incorporate eye-tracking data can accommodate this overall-value effect directly as a consequence of the multiplicative relationship between gaze and option value. We compare the fit of non-gaze diffusion models to data simulated with a multiplicativegaze model. The results show how parameters related to decision thresholds or noise will vary as a function of overall value, even when there is no such variability in the data generating process. In empirical data, we find similar patterns where decision thresholds, noise, or non-decision time seem to vary with overall value. Our results reveal that specific patterns in standard diffusion model parameters can arise from a latent process of gaze-dependent evidence accumulation.
keywords: توجه | انتشار رانش | ارزش کلی | زمان پاسخ | ردیابی چشم | تصمیم گیری | Attention | Drift diffusion | Overall value | Response time | Eye tracking | Decision making
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Hydrogen supply chain and challenges in large-scale LH2 storage and transportation
زنجیره تامین هیدروژن و چالش هایی در ذخیره سازی و حمل و نقل LH2 در مقیاس بزرگ-2021
Hydrogen is considered to be one of the fuels of future and liquid hydrogen (LH2) technology has great potential to become energy commodity beyond LNG. However, for commercial widespread use and feasibility of hydrogen technology, it is of utmost importance to develop cost-effective and safe technologies for storage and transportation of LH2 for use in stationary applications as well as offshore transportation. This paper reviews various aspects of global hydrogen supply chain starting from several ways of production to storage and delivery to utilization. While each these aspects contribute to the overall success and efficiency of the global supply chain, storage and delivery/transport are the key enablers for establishing global hydrogen technology, especially while current infrastructure and technology are being under development. In addition, while all storage options have their own advantages/disadvantages, the LH2 storage has unique advantages due to the familiarity with well-established LNG technology and existing hydrogen technology in space programs. However, because of extremely low temperature constraints, commercialization of LH2 technology for large-scale storage and transportation faces many challenges, which are discussed in this paper along with the current status and key gaps in the existing technology. © 2021 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Hydrogen supply chain | Hydrogen production | Liquefaction | Hydrogen storage | Insulation strategy | Thermal modeling
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Techno-economic and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions assessment of liquefied natural gas supply chain in China
ارزیابی فنی و اقتصادی و چرخه زندگی انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای از زنجیره تامین گاز طبیعی مایع در چین-2021
This study assessed the techno-economic performance and life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for various liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply chains in China in order to find the most efficient way to supply and use LNG. This study improves current literature by adding supply chain optimization options (cold energy recovery and hydrogen production) and by analyzing the entire supply chain of four different LNG end-users (power generation, industrial heating, residential heating, and truck usage). This resulted in 33 LNG pathways for which the energy efficiency, life cycle GHG emissions, and life cycle costs were determined by process-based material and energy flow analysis, life cycle assessment, and pro- duction cost calculation, respectively. The LNG and hydrogen supply chains were compared with a reference chain (coal or diesel) to determine avoided GHG emissions and GHG avoidance costs. Results show that NG with full cryogenic carbon dioxide capture (FCCC) is most beneficial pathway for both avoided GHG emissions and GHG avoidance costs (70.5e112.4 g CO2-e/MJLNG and 66.0e95.9 $/t CO2-e). The best case was obtained when NG with FCCC replaces coal-fired power plants. Results also indicate that hydrogen pathways requires maturation of new technology options and significant capital cost reductions to become attractive.© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Keywords: Liquefied natural gas | Techno-economic assessment | Life cycle greenhouse gas emission | Cold recovery | Blue hydrogen
مقاله انگلیسی
10 tr
دانش فعلی و مدیریت ترومبوز ورید پورتال در سیروز-2021
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is an increasingly recognised complication of cirrhosis whose incidence increases in parallel with the severity of cirrhosis. Several risk factors have been associated with the occurrence and progression of PVT. Although the negative effect of complete PVT on the surgical outcome of liver transplant recipients is clear, its impact on cirrhosis progression remains uncertain. Treatment options include anticoagulants and interventional thrombolytic therapies, which are chosen almost on a case-by-case basis depending on the characteristics of the patient and the thrombus. In this manuscript, we review current knowledge regarding the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis and classification, natural history, clinical consequences and treatment of non-neoplastic PVT in cirrhosis.
Keywords: Cirrhosis | Coagulopathy | Portal hypertension | Portal vein thrombosis | TIPS | Transplant
مقاله انگلیسی
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