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نتیجه جستجو - Optogenetics

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 3
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Long-range connections enrich cortical computations
اتصالات دوربرد غنی سازی محاسبات قشر-2020
The cerebral cortex can perform powerful computations, including those involved in higher cognitivefunctions. Cortical processing for such computations is executed by local circuits and is further enrichedby long-range connectivity. This connectivity is activated under specific conditions and modulates localprocessing, providing flexibility in the computational performance of the cortex. For instance, long-rangeconnectivity in the primary visual cortex exerts facilitatory impacts when the cortex is silent but sup-pressive impacts when the cortex is strongly sensory-stimulated. These dual impacts can be captured bya divisive gain control model. Recent methodological advances such as optogenetics, anatomical tracing,and two-photon microscopy have enabled neuroscientists to probe the circuit and synaptic bases of long-range connectivity in detail. Here, I review a series of evidence indicating essential roles of long-rangeconnectivity in visual and hierarchical processing involving numerous cortical areas. I also describe anoverview of the challenges encountered in investigating underlying synaptic mechanisms and highlightrecent technical approaches that may overcome these difficulties and provide new insights into synapticmechanisms for cortical processing involving long-range connectivity
Keywords:Long-range connectivity | Hierarchical processing | Visual cortex | Gain control | Sensory-Motor interaction | Synaptic mechanism
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Synaptic Connectivity between the Cortex and Claustrum Is Organized into Functional Modules
اتصال سیناپسی بین قشر و Claustrum به ماژول های عملکردی سازماندهی می شود-2020
The widespread reciprocal connectivity between the claustrum and the neocortex has stimulated numerous hypotheses regarding its function; all of these suggest that the claustrumacts as a hub that connects multiple cortical regions via dense reciprocal synaptic pathways. Although the connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the claustrum has been proposed as an important pathway for top-down cognitive control, little is known about the synaptic inputs that drive claustrum cells projecting to the ACC. Here, we used multi-neuron patch clamp recordings, retrograde and anterograde viral labeling, and optogenetics in mouse claustrumto investigate cortical inputs and outputs of ACC-projecting claustrum (CLA-ACC) neurons. Both ipsilateral and contralateral cortical regions were found to provide synaptic input to CLA-ACC neurons. These cortical regions were predominantly frontal and limbic regions and not primary sensorimotor regions. We show that CLA-ACC neurons receive monosynaptic input from the insular cortex, thereby revealing a potential claustrum substrate mediating the Salience Network. In contrast, sensorimotor cortical regions preferentially targeted non CLA-ACC claustrum neurons. Using dual retrograde labeling of claustrum projection neurons, we show selectivity also in the cortical targets of CLA-ACC neurons: whereas CLA-ACC neurons coprojected mainly to other frontal regions, claustrum neurons projecting to primary sensorimotor cortices selectively targeted other sensorimotor regions. Our results show that both cortical inputs to and projections from CLA-ACC neurons are highly selective, suggesting an organization of cortico-claustral connectivity into functional modules that could be specialized for processing different types of information.
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Near infrared neuromorphic computing via upconversion-mediated optogenetics
محاسبات نورومورفیک مادون قرمز نزدیک اپتوژنتیک با واسطه upconversion-2020
Near infrared (NIR) synaptic devices offer a remote-control approach to implement neuromorphic computing for data safety and artificial retinal system applications. In upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs)-mediated optogenetics biosystems, NIR regulation of membrane ion channels allows remote and selective control of the Ca2þ flux to modulate synaptic plasticity behaviors. Inspired by the upconversion optogenetics, we proposed a NIR artificial synapse based on a UCNPs-MoS2 floating gate phototransistor in which MoS2 acts as light-sensitive ion channels to reabsorb the visible light emitted from UCNPs under NIR illumination. As a result, the synaptic device exhibits stable persistent photocurrent (PPC) effect up to 353 K and ultrahigh photogain (~108 electrons per photon), ensuring the long-term potentiation (LTP) behavior. Simulations using the handwritten digit data sets indicate good recognition accuracy of the light-controlled artificial neuron network. Overall, this design concept combining biology, optics and electronics opens up a new avenue for developing optogenetics-inspired neuromorphic technology in the future.
Keywords: Optogenetics | Optoelectronics | Neuromorphic computing | Near-infrared light | Long-term potentiation
مقاله انگلیسی
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