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نتیجه جستجو - Outcome

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 1004
ردیف عنوان نوع
31 The value of forest ecosystem services: A meta-analysis at the European scale and application to national ecosystem accounting
ارزش خدمات اکوسیستم جنگل: یک متاآنالیز در مقیاس اروپایی و کاربرد آن به حسابداری اکوسیستم ملی-2021
A great share of ecosystem services (ES) at the global scale is provided by forest biomes, and acknowledging the value of forest ES is critically important towards sustainable decision making. The literature inventory of forest valuation studies is extensive and thus a significant mass of knowledge is already available concerning the value of forest ES. To this end, meta-analysis is a prominent benefit transfer approach that has been employed in the past to provide value transfers of forest ES taking advantage of contemporary knowledge. For the purposes of conducting a meta-analysis, we collected 158 primary studies, originated in Europe and dated from 2000 to 2017, of which 30 provided relevant information for a statistical meta-analysis, yielding 71 value observations. The results reveal that GDP per capita and the type of ecosystem service are significant determinants in explaining the variation in forest value. We also apply the meta-analysis model results so as to estimate the ES provided by forests in the Czech Republic. We find that the total value of forest is approximately 2842 US $ ha(cid:0) 1 year(cid:0) 1, with regulation and maintenance ES being the most valuable services. We finally attempt to show the prospects of using this method for accounting purposes and illustrate the supply and use forest accounting tables based on the meta-analysis outcomes. Meta-analysis can potentially form a promising decision support tool for start-up accounts considered as a second best valuation approach. Nonetheless, the method still remains questionable due to the great variation in how primary valuation studies are reported and the lack of guidelines with reference to its application in ecosystem accounting as such.
keywords: انتقال سود | جنگل | متا رگرسیون | عرضه و استفاده از جداول | Benefit transfer | Forest | Meta-regression | Supply and use tables
مقاله انگلیسی
32 Effects of a symptom management intervention based on group sessions combined with a mobile health application for persons living with HIV in China: A randomized controlled trial
اثرات مداخله مدیریت علائم بر اساس جلسات گروهی همراه با یک برنامه بهداشتی همراه برای افراد مبتلا به HIV در چین: یک آزمایش تصادفی کنترل شده-2021
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of a symptom management intervention (SMI) based on symptom management group sessions combined with a mobile health (mHealth) application (app) on the knowledge of symptom management, the certainty of symptom self-management, symptom severity, symptom distress, medication adherence, social support, and quality of life among persons living with HIV (PLWH) in China.
Methods: A parallel randomized controlled trial with 61 PLWH was conducted in Shanghai, China. The participants in the control group (n ¼ 30) downloaded the Symptom Management (SM) app according to their needs and preferences, and received routine follow-ups. The participants in the intervention group (n ¼ 31) were guided to download and use the SM app, and received four tailored weekly group sessions at routine follow-ups. Each group session lasted for approximately 2 h and targeted one of the major modules of the SM app. All the outcomes were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900024821).
Results: The symptom management knowledge and certainty of symptom self-management were significantly improved after the intervention (all P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the scores of symptoms reasons knowledge score improved 11.47 points (95% CI: 3.41, 19.53) and scores of symptoms self-management knowledge score improved 12.80 points (95% CI: 4.55, 21.05) in the intervention group after controlling for covariates. However, other outcomes did not show statistically significant differences between the intervention group and the control group (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: The SMI could improve PLWH’s symptom management knowledge and certainty of symptom self-management. Multi-center studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are needed to further understand the effects of SM app on ameliorating symptom severity and symptom distress. More innovative strategies are also needed to promote and maintain the sustainability of the SM app.
keywords: چین | عفونت های HIV | برنامه های موبایل | پیروی از دارو | کیفیت زندگی | خود مدیریت | حمایت اجتماعی | China | HIV Infections | Mobile applications | Medication adherence | Quality of life | Self-management | Social support
مقاله انگلیسی
33 Biomass supply chain coordination for remote communities: A game-theoretic modeling and analysis approach
هماهنگی زنجیره تأمین زیست توده برای جوامع از راه دور: رویکرد مدل سازی و تحلیل نظری بازی-2021
Biomass, as one of the most available renewable energies, could reduce dependency on fossil fuels and the consequent environmental impacts. There is a need for biomass supply chain management, which is managing bioenergy production from harvesting feedstock to energy conversion facilities. In case of remote communities, bioenergy adoption requires dealing with dispersed geographies of suppliers and places of consumption with small scales of energy demand. As such, coordination plays a key role in increasing the efficiency of the biomass supply chain network through bundling of demand and thus improving the economy of scale. This paper employs a game-theoretic approach to formulate a coordinated biomass supply chain with three echelons including suppliers, hubs, and energy convertors. To investigate the strategic interactions of participants, three decision making structure scenarios have been considered under Stackelberg game providing insights into the impact of power distribution, the role of side payments in enforcing the flow of decisions, and the resulting efficiency and performance improvements. In doing so, a case study bioenergy supply chain for three northern Canadian communities is explored to demonstrate the application of the proposed formulation, solution methods, and the practicality and significance of the adopted approach and outcomes for remote communities.
Keywords: Bioenergy | Supply chains | Coordination | Remote communities | Game theory | Mathematical Program with Equilibrium | Constraints (MPEC)
مقاله انگلیسی
34 The relationship between the computerized accounting information system and the performance of contracting companies
رابطه بین سیستم اطلاعات حسابداری کامپیوتری و عملکرد شرکت های متعاهد-2021
Computerize Accounting Information system (CAIS) has become very interesting topic recently. This is due to the increase of scandal in the performance of constructions companies’ performance that include Iraqi construction Companies and companies around the world. Despite the widespread of Computerized Accounting Information System, the academic studies are still few. This paper presents the results of a study conducted to examine the extent of computerized accounting information system effect among constructions companies’ performance in Iraq to determine its influencing factors. reviews literature on construction companies’ performance, presents the range of computerize accounting information system elements that effects construction industry and their roles in building a modern construction company. The need for and the viability of implementing factors of computerize information system and organization culture, firm size-enabled in construction companies’ performance is argued with highlights of the prospects and challenges of the implementation process. This research also introduces the methods used to collect data to see how computerized accounting information system, corporate culture and company size have affected the success of constriction businesses. Technique of analysis used to review the articles. Findings showed that the (CAIS) effective levels among construction company varied. The findings suggest significant and insignificant effective factors. potential benefits and issues of (CAIS), organization culture and firm size in constrictions companies’ performance are presented to give an understanding for the need for a unified framework for CAIS implementation and performance in the constriction’s companies. The outcome of this review is a proposed framework for (CAIS) and performance for building System that can be used as the basis for future studies in developing construction companies’ performance.
keywords: کاربرد | اندازه شرکت | ساخت و ساز فرهنگ سازمان سوم | عملکرد شرکت ها | CAIS | Firm Size | Third organization culture construction | companies performance
مقاله انگلیسی
35 Time management: Improving the timing of post-prostatectomy radiotherapy, clinical trials, and knowledge translation
مدیریت زمان: بهبود زمان رادیوتراپی پس از پروستاتکتومی، آزمایشات بالینی و ترجمه دانش-2021
Background: Management of prostate cancer after surgery is controversial. Past studies on adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) for higher-risk features have had conflicting results. Through the collaborative conversations of the global radiation oncology Twitter-based journal club (#RadOnc #JC), we explored this complex topic to share recent advances, better understand what the global radiation oncology community felt was important and inspire next steps. Methods: We selected the recent publication of a landmark international randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing immediate and salvage radiotherapy for prostate cancer, RADICALS-RT, for discussion over the weekend of January 16 to 17, 2021. Coordination included open access to the article and an asynchronous portion to decrease barriers to participation, cooperation of study authors (CP, MS) who participated to share deeper insights including a live hour, and curation of related resources and tweet content through a blog post and Wakelet journal club summary. Discussion of Results: Our conversations created 2,370,104 impressions over 599 tweets with 51 participants spanning 11 countries and 5 continents. A quarter of the participants were from the US (13/51) followed by 10% from the UK (5/51). Clinical or Radiation Oncologists comprised 59% of active participants (16/27) with 62% (18/29) reporting giving aRT within the last 5 years. Discussion was interdisciplinary with three urologists (11%), three trainees (11%), and two physiotherapists (7%). Four months after the journal club its article Altmetric score had increased by 7% (214 to 229). Thematic analysis of tweet content suggested participants wanted clarification on definitions of adjuvant (aRT) and salvage radiotherapy (sRT) including indications, timing, and decision-making tools including guidelines; more interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral collaboration including with patients for study design including survivorship and meaningful outcomes; more effective knowledge translation including faster clinical trials; and more data including mature results of current trials, particular high-risk features (Gleason Group 4+, pT4b+, and margin-positive disease), implications of newer technologies such as PSMA-PET and genomic classifiers, and better explanations for practice pattern variations including underutilization of radiotherapy. This was further explored in the context of relevant literature. Conclusion: Together, this global collaborative review on the postoperative management of prostate cancer suggested a stronger signal for the uptake of early salvage radiation treatment with careful PSA monitoring, more sensitive PSA triggers, and expected access to radiotherapy. Questions still remain on potential exceptions and barriers to use. These require better decision-making tools for all practice settings, consideration of newer technologies, more pragmatic trials, and better use of social media for knowledge translation.
Keywords: Prostate radiotherapy | Adjuvant radiation | Salvage radiation | Journal club
مقاله انگلیسی
36 Deep learning-based computer vision to recognize and classify suturing gestures in robot-assisted surgery
بینایی عمیق مبتنی بر یادگیری برای تشخیص و طبقه بندی حرکات بخیه در جراحی با کمک روبات-2021
Background: Our previous work classified a taxonomy of suturing gestures during a vesicourethral anastomosis of robotic radical prostatectomy in association with tissue tears and patient outcomes. Herein, we train deep learning-based computer vision to automate the identification and classification of suturing gestures for needle driving attempts.
Methods: Using two independent raters, we manually annotated live suturing video clips to label timepoints and gestures. Identification (2,395 videos) and classification (511 videos) datasets were compiled to train computer vision models to produce 2- and 5-class label predictions, respectively. Networks were trained on inputs of raw red/blue/green pixels as well as optical flow for each frame. Each model was trained on 80/20 train/test splits.
Results: In this study, all models were able to reliably predict either the presence of a gesture (identification, area under the curve: 0.88) as well as the type of gesture (classification, area under the curve: 0.87) at significantly above chance levels. For both gesture identification and classification datasets, we observed no effect of recurrent classification model choice (long short-term memory unit versus convolutional long short-term memory unit) on performance.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrate computer vision’s ability to recognize features that not only can identify the action of suturing but also distinguish between different classifications of suturing gestures. This demonstrates the potential to utilize deep learning computer vision toward future automation of surgical skill assessment.
مقاله انگلیسی
37 An analysis of Twitter users’ long term political view migration using cross-account data mining
تجزیه و تحلیل از مهاجرت دیدگاه های طولانی مدت کاربران توییتر با استفاده از داده های متقابل حسابداری-2021
During the 2016 US presidential election, we witnessed a polarized population and an election outcome that defied the predictions of many media sources. In this study, we conducted a follow-up on political view migration through tracking Twitter users’ account activity. The study was conducted by following a set of Twitter users over a four year period. Each year, Twitter user activities were collected and analyzed by our novel cross-account data mining algorithm. This algorithm through multiple iterations computes a numerical political score for each user based on their connection to other users and hashtags. We identified a set of seed users and hashtags using prominent political figures and movements to bootstrap the algorithm. The political score distribution demonstrates a divided population on political views. We also observed that users are more moderate in years close to elections (2017 and 2020) compared to years of none election (2018 and 2019). There is an overall migration trend from conservatives to progressives during the four years. This change in scores across the four year time frame suggests a unique political cycle exclusive to Donald Trump’s unprecedented presidential term. Our results in a broad sense portray the potential capabilities of a data collection and scoring algorithm that detected a noticeable political migration and describes the broad social characteristics of certain politically aligned users on social media platforms.
keywords: شبکه های اجتماعی | سیاست | توییتر | داده کاوی | Social networks | Politics | Twitter | Datamining
مقاله انگلیسی
38 Registry Studies Use Inconsistent Methods to Account for Patients Lost to Follow-up, and Rates of Patients LTFU Are High
مطالعات رجیستری از روش های ناسازگار استفاده می کند تا بیماران را از دست بدهد و میزان بیماران LTFU بالا هستند-2021
Purpose: To determine methods described in the literature to account for patients lost to follow-up (LTFU) in registry studies and whether rates of patient LTFU are within acceptable margins.
Methods: A scoping review, where a literature search is conducted for studies from 9 arthroscopy registries, was performed on EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the annual reports of each registry. Inclusion criteria included studies with information on patient-reported outcome measures and being based on 9 national registries identified. Exclusion criteria included review articles, conference abstracts, studies not based on registry data, and studies from regional, claims-based, or multicenter registries. Studies were then divided into categories based on method of LTFU analysis used.
Results: Thirty-six articles were identified for the final analysis. Categories for LTFU analysis included dropout analyses (n ¼ 10), referencing validation studies (n ¼ 12), contacting nonresponders (n ¼ 4), and sensitivity analyses (n ¼ 1). Referencing validation studies was the most common method (n ¼ 12). Majority (n ¼ 35) of the studies exceeded the recommended maximum rates for LTFU.
Conclusions: Registry studies use inconsistent methods to account for patient LTFU, and rates of patients LTFU are unacceptably high.
Clinical Relevance: The impact of patients LTFU in studies related to arthroscopic intervention is unknown. A universal method for accounting for patient follow-up is needed.
مقاله انگلیسی
39 Barriers to sustainability in humanitarian medical supply chains
موانع پایداری در زنجیره های تأمین پزشکی بشردوستانه-2021
Medical and pharmaceutical products (MPP) are critical elements in humanitarian relief efforts. Relief operations are often burdened with inappropriate and unusable MPP, which leads to the wastage of resources and causes harm to the environment. This study investigates MPP management and facilitates the adoption of sustainability practices in the humanitarian medical supply chain. The study identifies 20 potential barriers for sustainability and categorises them into six different issues (material, operational, logistics, human, funding, and exogenous). Fuzzy best-worst method and analytic network process methodologies were adopted to prioritise barriers according to their degree of influence. Findings from the study suggest that stakeholders should focus attention on the material, operations, and logistical issues. Poor compliance with the World Health Organisation guidelines is reported as the most significant barrier to sustainability. Long-term collaboration and promotion of cash-based donation are suggested as suitable alternatives to product donation. The key recommendations of the study are to sensitise donors and media regarding donation practices and disaster relief victim requirements, build local capacity, design coordination mechanisms, and develop a performance measurement system incorporating the triple bottom line of sustainability. The study outcome reveals connections between barriers to sustainability and sheds light on the socioenvironmental aspect of donations. The study lays a foundation for future research, exploring how to better enable sustainability in the relief supply chain.
Keywords: Humanitarian medical supply chain | Fuzzy best-worst method | Analytic network process | Barrier | Sustainability | Pharmaceuticals
مقاله انگلیسی
40 Production decisions of a closed-loop supply chain considering remanufacturing and refurbishing under government subsidy
تصمیمات تولید یک زنجیره تامین حلقه بسته با توجه به بازسازی و نوسازی تحت یارانه دولت-2021
Remanufacturing and refurbishing, as two essential strategies in the sector of reverse logistics, play a vital role in the area of sustainable development. With the increasing concerns on the environment friendly supply chain by the general public, we construct two remanufacturing models dominated by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and the independent remanufacturer (IR) based on the auto parts market which provides new products, remanufactured products and refurbished products. Considering the remanufacturing subsidy and the market environment parameters, we analyze the full-remanufacturing and partial-remanufacturing using the Stackelberg and Cournot duopoly game models. We then obtain the equilibrium strategies for each of these scenarios. We further carry out sensitivity analysis for the two remanufacturing models and investigate the impact of the remanufacturing subsidy on these two models. The findings in this paper enable us to compare the remanufacturing modes and show how the equilibrium outcome depends on the key model parameters. In the comparison and numerical analysis, they are revealed that (i) the improvement on the quality level of the refurbished products is always unfavorable to the quality level and the production quantity of both the new and the remanufactured products, especially in the OEM remanufacturing model; (ii) subsidy is ineffective in the IR remanufacturing mode when the remanufacturing cost is low; (iii) the IR remanufacturing outperforms the OEM remanufacturing in both economic benefits and social welfare, when the cost of remanufacturing and the customer willingness to pay for remanufacturing products are low, and the quality of refurbished products is high. These findings have potential implications for enterprise remanufacturing production and government policy-making in complex market environments.
Keywords: Remanufacturing | refurbishing | quality level | government subsidy | game model
مقاله انگلیسی
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