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An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis: Mental Disorders Among Adolescents in Juvenile Detention and Correctional Facilities
یک مرور سیستماتیک و تجزیه و تحلیل متا رگرسیون به روز شده: اختلالات روانی در نوجوانان در بازداشتگاههای نوجوانان و زندانهای اصلاح و تربیت-2020 Objective: To synthesize evidence on the prevalence of mental disorders in adolescents in juvenile detention and correctional facilities and examine
sources of heterogeneity between studies.
Method: Electronic databases and relevant reference lists were searched to identify surveys published from January 1966 to October 2019 that reported
on the prevalence of mental disorders in unselected populations of detained adolescents. Data on the prevalence of a range of mental disorders
(psychotic illnesses, major depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], conduct disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD])
along with predetermined study characteristics were extracted from the eligible studies. Analyses were reported separately for male and female adolescents,
and findings were synthesized using random-effects models. Potential sources of heterogeneity were examined by meta-regression and subgroup
analyses.
Results: Forty-seven studies from 19 countries comprising 28,033 male and 4,754 female adolescents were identified. The mean age of adolescents
assessed was 16 years (range, 10–19 years). In male adolescents, 2.7% (95% CI 2.0%–3.4%) had a diagnosis of psychotic illness; 10.1% (95% CI
8.1%–12.2%) major depression; 17.3% (95% CI 13.9%–20.7%) ADHD; 61.7% (95% CI 55.4%–67.9%) conduct disorder; and 8.6% (95% CI
6.4%–10.7%) PTSD. In female adolescents, 2.9% (95% CI 2.4%–3.5%) had a psychotic illness; 25.8% (95% CI 20.3%–31.3%) major depression;
17.5% (95% CI 12.1%–22.9%) ADHD; 59.0% (95% CI 44.9%–73.1%) conduct disorder; and 18.2% (95% CI 13.1%–23.2%) PTSD. Metaregression
found higher prevalences of ADHD and conduct disorder in investigations published after 2006. Female adolescents had higher prevalences
of major depression and PTSD than male adolescents.
Conclusion: Consideration should be given to reviewing whether health care services in juvenile detention can address these levels of psychiatric
morbidit Key words: criminal justice | detention | mental disorders | PTSD | systematic review |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Exploring criminal responsibility of PTSD patients; findings from a survey in Chinese Mainland courts
بررسی مسئولیت کیفری بیماران مبتلا به PTSD؛ یافته های یک نظرسنجی در دادگاه های سرزمین اصلی چین-2020 Background. – The Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan Province is China’s deadliest natural disaster in a
generation; after such disturbance, a kind of mental illness named post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD, also
called delayed psychogenic reaction) raises concern in Mainland China, but probably not rapidly sufficient.
Different from that in the USA, earthquake is both the reason and focus of PTSD research in China.
Methods. – In order to find out the relationship between the PTSD defense and criminal responsibility in
Mainland China, the authors decided to use certain academic tools and analysis judicial decisions
(816 cases). The authors identified key information from government official websites.
Results. – Data demonstrated that research regarding PTSD increases considerably after the Wenchuan
earthquake in 2008. However, data also showed that Chinese courts are hesitant in accepting PTSD as a
mental defense for criminals, despite relevant existing rules. Some legal ambiguities, such as lack of
procedures or instructions for the connection between diagnosis and judgment, can be observed when
courts encounter criminals with PTSD.
Conclusions. – PTSD patients occur in all races, classes, religions, and nationalities and some would
unfortunately be criminals. This pattern reveals concern for the boundary between the reasonable use
and abuse of PTSD in view of medico-legal expertise practice. Expert testimony or opinion cannot replace
the judges’ decision. Chinese courts should learn from the American Bar Association and accept the
three-part analysis for forensic consideration of PTSD. Further details regarding the regulations for
resolving the criminal responsibility of PTSD patients should be obtained. Keywords: Criminal Responsibility | Legal Identification | Mainland China | Post-traumatic Stress Disorder |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Involvement in litigation in children with PTSD following motor vehicle accident: Associations with emotional distress and treatment outcomes
مشارکت در دادخواهی در کودکان مبتلا به PTSD پس از تصادف رانندگی: ارتباط با پریشانی عاطفی و نتایج درمان-2020 Objectives: Litigation is common in the context of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and mild Traumatic
Brain Injury (mTBI), adding contradicting motivations to individuals’ engagement in psychotherapeutic interventions. This study’s main goal was to explore the relationship between litigation status and emotional
distress among children with PTSD following motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). We also present preliminary
findings from a pilot study on treatment efficacy for children with PTSD, with and without litigation.
Methods: Participants included 76 children with PTSD following MVA and their main caregiving parent. The associations between litigation status (litigation involvement, litigation phase, and litigation’s emotional impact) and children’s global distress, PTSD, persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS), and sub-optimal effort, and parents’ PTSD symptoms were assessed before and after intervention for PTSD. Comorbid mTBI was explored as a possible moderating factor. Results: Involvement in litigation was not related to children’s and parents’ pre-intervention distress, nor to the presence of mTBI or to children’s effort. However, higher emotional impact of litigation on parents was associated with children’s higher PPCS pre-intervention. A pilot study on intervention outcomes found an improvement both in children with and without litigation involvement. A greater decrease in PPCS following intervention was found in children of parents with higher emotional impact of litigation. Conclusions: The emotional impact of litigation on parents should be considered while addressing children in litigation context. However, this study’s preliminary findings suggest that children with litigation involvement may benefit from treatment, thus litigation should not serve solely as an exclusion criterion for psychological intervention. A larger study should further explore this issue. Keywords: Post-traumatic stress disorder | Mild traumatic brain injury | Litigation | Intervention efficacy | Children |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Organisational injustice in UK frontline services and onset of Moral Injury, Post Traumatic Embitterment Disorder (PTED) and PTSD
بی عدالتی سازمانی در خدمات خط مقدم بریتانیا و شروع آسیب اخلاقی، اختلال تلخی پس از سانحه (PTED) و PTSD-2020 Organisational injustice, betrayal, moral transgression, wrongdoing, or breach of deeply held
values and beliefs can manifest in frontline staff as Post Traumatic Embitterment Disorder
(PTED), Moral Injury and/or PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). PTED and Moral Injury are
fundamentally the same and could not be discriminated from each other. The constructs of PTED
and Moral Injury can be assimilated into that of PTSD, rather than exist as comorbid conditions.
Chronic embitterment is of clinical significance and often a symptom of PTSD, which may be
inextricably linked to the traumatic incident(s) and often expressed as persistent blame of self or
others, in DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for PTSD, D2 and D3. Chronic embitterment and moral pain
can maintain PTSD symptoms.
Keywords: PTSD | PTED | Moral injury | Organisational injustice | Betrayal | Blame |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
Exploring criminal responsibility of PTSD patients; findings from a survey in Chinese Mainland courts
بررسی مسئولیت کیفری بیماران مبتلا به PTSD؛ یافته های یک نظرسنجی در دادگاه های سرزمین اصلی چین-2019 Background. – The Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan Province is China’s deadliest natural disaster in a
generation; after such disturbance, a kind of mental illness named post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD, also
called delayed psychogenic reaction) raises concern in Mainland China, but probably not rapidly sufficient.
Different from that in the USA, earthquake is both the reason and focus of PTSD research in China.
Methods. – In order to find out the relationship between the PTSD defense and criminal responsibility in
Mainland China, the authors decided to use certain academic tools and analysis judicial decisions
(816 cases). The authors identified key information from government official websites.
Results. – Data demonstrated that research regarding PTSD increases considerably after the Wenchuan
earthquake in 2008. However, data also showed that Chinese courts are hesitant in accepting PTSD as a
mental defense for criminals, despite relevant existing rules. Some legal ambiguities, such as lack of
procedures or instructions for the connection between diagnosis and judgment, can be observed when
courts encounter criminals with PTSD.
Conclusions. – PTSD patients occur in all races, classes, religions, and nationalities and some would
unfortunately be criminals. This pattern reveals concern for the boundary between the reasonable use
and abuse of PTSD in view of medico-legal expertise practice. Expert testimony or opinion cannot replace
the judges’ decision. Chinese courts should learn from the American Bar Association and accept the
three-part analysis for forensic consideration of PTSD. Further details regarding the regulations for
resolving the criminal responsibility of PTSD patients should be obtained.
Keywords: Criminal Responsibility | Legal Identification | Mainland China | Post-traumatic Stress Disorder |
مقاله انگلیسی |
6 |
State of damage to and support for victims of motor vehicle accidents in Japan
وضعیت آسیب و پشتیبانی قربانیان حوادث وسایل نقلیه موتوری در ژاپن-2019 Individuals are likely to be involved in at least one motor vehicle accident (MVA) during their lifetime.MVAs can
have a significant impact on both the victimsand their families; in the case of death, the bereaved familymay face
mental health problems. Ongoing studies have focused on devising strategies to support victims and their families
who face such problems.
This paper clarifies the reality of mental health issues ofMVA victims and reviews the current state of victimsupport
available in Japan, its significance and other relevant issues.
The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) inMVA survivors has been estimated to be 8%–45% one
month after the accident and 6%–40% six months after the accident. The mental health of the survivors families,
bereaved families, and orphaned children are usually affected afterMVAs. Bereaved families experience not only
PTSD but also symptoms of complicated grief. Based on studies using different scales to measure symptoms and
other items, symptoms of PTSD and complicated grief have been seen in 17%–75% and 6%–61% of bereaved families,
respectively, which were much higher than those observed in the general population. In addition to the actual
physical andmental damage caused byMVAs, it is necessary to take notice of survivors who are exposed to
post-accident secondary victimization.
Justice agencies, such as the National Police Agency andMinistry of Justice Investigation Bureau, as well as victim
support centers and self-help groups, provide support to MVA victims. To a certain extent, evaluating support
provided to MVA victims and their families is possible by initiating assistance promptly and actively using leaflets,
brochures, and other materials.
The literature reports thatwomen are at increased risk for developing PTSD and complicated grief; also,men and
women use differentmechanisms for coping with stress.Moreover, men tend not to express their pain and try to
manage it on their own. Thus, support that is appropriate for both sexes must be provided.
In the future, the effectiveness of the support provided should be evaluated by survivors. Whether acute-phase
support leads to improvement in survivors long-term prognoses must also be investigated. Keywords: Motor vehicle accidents | MVA victims | Bereaved family | Social support | Self-help groups | Sex differences |
مقاله انگلیسی |
7 |
PTSD, burnout and well-being among rescue workers: Seeking to understand the impact of the European refugee crisis on rescuers
PTSD، فرسودگی شغلی و رفاه کارکنان نجات: برای درک تاثیر بحران پناهندگان اروپا برای امدادگران-2018 Individuals who perform rescue and recovery duties, as part of their daily work activities, confront diverse
stressors that can affect their mental state and overall well-being. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and
the factors associated with self-assessed PTSD, perceived well-being and burnout among rescue workers oper
ating at Lesvos during the European refugees crisis. 217 rescuers participated in the study, while the PTSD
Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Well-being Index (WHO-5)
were utilized. The prevalence of self-assessed PTSD and perceived burnout syndrome was 17.1% and 57% re
spectively, while 72.8% of the rescuers reported low levels of perceived well-being. Self-assessed PTSD was
positively correlated with perceived burnout and inversely correlated with perceived well-being. Perceived
burnout was also inversely correlated with perceived well-being. A number of significant predictors were
identified for self-assessed PTSD, perceived burnout and well-being, including: family status, age, duration of
shifts, collection of dead adults or dead children bodies. The impact of the refugee crisis is visible on the rescue
workers that offer rescue and first aid services. There is an urgent need for implementing effective interventions
focusing on the identified determinants in order to enhance the occupational psychological burden of rescuers.
Keywords: Occupational risk ، Psychological burden ، Mental health ، Emergency workers |
مقاله انگلیسی |
8 |
نقش افسردگی عمده ، در عملکردهای عصبی بیماران با اختلال استرس پس از سانحه
سال انتشار: 2013 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 6 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 13 زمینه: اختلال استرس پس از سانحه(PTSD) و اختلال افسردگی عمده (MDD) اغلب اوقات همزمان با هم و بعد از تجارب آسیب زا بروز می کند و در بهم ریختگی های عصبی نیز ، در فاکتور حافظه کلامی و عملکرد اجرایی نقش مشترک دارند . به هر صورت ، تلاش مختصری در ارزیابی منظم نقش تشخیص MDD همراه، در مطالعات عصب شناختی در مورد افرادی با عارضه PTSD، صورت گرفته است.
هدف: هدف این تحقیق ، بررسی کاستی های عصب شناختی در بیماران PTSD همراه با و یا بدون MDD می باشد. ما فرض را بر این گذاشتیم که بیماران PTSD با MDD همراه (PTSD+MDD) به طور مشخص، کارایی پایین تری در حافظه کلامی و عملکردهای اجرایی نسبت به بیماران PTSD بدون MDD همراه (PTSD-MDD) از خود نشان می دهند.
روش: بیماران شرکت کننده در این تحقیق شامل 140 نفر بیمار سر پایی میباشد که یک نشانه از اختلال PTSD را بعد از بروز یک سانحه ساده آسیب زا داشته اند و در گروه کنترل، در انواع مختلف درمان شرکت کرده اند.
داده های پایه عصب روان شناسی (اعصاب و روان )، بیماران با PTSD+MDD (n=84) و بیمارانی با PTSD-MDD (n=56) را با هم مقایسه کرده است.
نتایج: بیماران PTSD+MDD دارای کاستی های حافظه کلامی شدیدتر ، در یادگیری و بازیابی کلمات ، نسبت به بیماران با عارضه PTSD هستند. هیچ تفاوتی میان دو گروه در یادآوری یک پاراگراف منسجم، تشخیص و تغییر میزان توجه و تداخل های شناختی وجود ندارد .
نتیجه گیری: نتایج این تحقیق نشان میدهد که ، بروز MDDهمرا ه ، با مشخصه های عصبی با آسیب دیدگی بیشتر ، ارتباط دارد البته در این بین تفاوت هایی در مورد فاکتور حافظه کلامی و نه در مورد فاکتور عملکردهای اجرایی وجوددارد . از نقطه نظر بالینی، آگاهی نسبت به عملکردهای مشخص حافظه کلامی در افرادی با PTSD و MDD همراه محدودتر میابشد و می تواند با نتایج درمانی ضایعه روحی ، که عمدتا بردرمان روانی متمرکز است، مرتبط باشد.
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