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A Nash-bargaining model for trading of electricity between aggregations of peers
یک مدل چانه زنی نش برای تجارت برق بین تجمیع همتاها-2020 In the last several years, the growth in household solar generation and the lack of success of the feed-in-tariff programs have led to the rise of peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading schemes among prosumers. However, a change that has started more recently is the growth of smart homes and businesses, of which loads are IoT controlled and are supported by advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). This has created a new opportunity for smart homes and businesses to form aggregations (coalitions) and participate in cooperative load management and energy trading. Unlike energy trading among individual prosumers in most P2P networks, a new trading opportunity that is emerging is between aggregations of peers of smart homes and businesses and electric ve- hicles (EVs). In this paper, we consider one such trading scenario between two aggregations, of which one has smart homes and businesses with load consuming entities (not prosumers), and the other has EVs only. The aggregation with smart homes and businesses derive cost reduction through optimal load scheduling based on load preferences, market-based pricing of electricity, and opportunity to trade (buy) energy from the aggregation with EVs. Whereas the aggregation of EVs optimally schedules charging to meet EV needs and uses stored energy to trade (sell). A generalized Nash bargaining model is developed for obtaining optimal trading strategies in the form of plain or swing option contracts. A sample numerical problem scenario is used to show that suitable contracts can be derived that allow aggregations of peers to mutually benefit from energy trading.It is shown that there exist numerous alternative optimal solutions to the Nash bargaining problem. The solutions comprise different combinations of strike price and option value, for all of which savings to the parties remain constant. For plain option, with a contract quantity of 1 MWh, the total savings generated is equivalent to the average price of 1.62 MWh of electricity. Interactions among contract parameters (such as strike price, option value, and option quantity) and the relative market power of the aggregations are also examined. Keywords: Aggregation of peers | Peer-to-peer energy trading | Option contract | Nash bargaining solution |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Smart contract architecture for decentralized energy trading and management based on blockchains
معماری قرارداد هوشمند برای تجارت و مدیریت انرژی غیر متمرکز بر اساس بلاکچین -2020 A blockchain-based smart contract has the potential to allow the performance of credible transactions
without third parties. This paper presents a universal framework for a blockchain platform that enables
peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading in the retail electricity market. Focusing attention on seeking energymatching
pairs from the supply and demand sides, and encouraging direct energy trading between
producers and consumers, the P2P energy trading mechanism is proposed. The designed multidimensional
blockchain platform implements a complete energy trading process. As smart contracts strictly
execute the trading and payment rules without human interaction, the security and fairness of energy
trading are significantly enhanced. Case studies in the Ethereum private chain demonstrate that the
proposed mechanism has obvious advantages in reflecting market quotations, balancing profits of
players, and facilitating the utilization of renewables. Based on such characteristics, players are incentivized
to participate in the P2P energy trading. Moreover, the authentic gas consumption and computational
time to the smart contract indicate that this platform is able to achieve an efficient and effective
transaction with multi-player participation. Keywords: Peer-to-Peer energy trading | Distributed energy resources | Double auction | Blockchain | Smart contract |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Smart contract architecture for decentralized energy trading and management based on blockchains
معماری قرارداد هوشمند برای تجارت و مدیریت انرژی غیر متمرکز بر اساس بلاکچین -2019 A blockchain-based smart contract has the potential to allow the performance of credible transactions
without third parties. This paper presents a universal framework for a blockchain platform that enables
peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading in the retail electricity market. Focusing attention on seeking energymatching
pairs from the supply and demand sides, and encouraging direct energy trading between
producers and consumers, the P2P energy trading mechanism is proposed. The designed multidimensional
blockchain platform implements a complete energy trading process. As smart contracts strictly
execute the trading and payment rules without human interaction, the security and fairness of energy
trading are significantly enhanced. Case studies in the Ethereum private chain demonstrate that the
proposed mechanism has obvious advantages in reflecting market quotations, balancing profits of
players, and facilitating the utilization of renewables. Based on such characteristics, players are incentivized
to participate in the P2P energy trading. Moreover, the authentic gas consumption and computational
time to the smart contract indicate that this platform is able to achieve an efficient and effective
transaction with multi-player participation. Keywords: Peer-to-Peer energy trading | Distributed energy resources | Double auction | Blockchain | Smart contract |
مقاله انگلیسی |