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Accounting for the evaluative factor in self-ratings provides a more accurate estimate of the relationship between personality traits and well-being
محاسبه عامل ارزیابی در خود رتبهبندی، تخمین دقیقتری از رابطه بین ویژگیهای شخصیتی و بهزیستی ارائه میکند-2021 Social desirability may cause spurious relations in self-rating measures. The present study sought to disentangle
socially desirable responding and content in the relation between measures of personality traits and well-being.
Social desirability was operationalized as the evaluative factor (the tendency to react to evaluative content in
questionnaire items). We collected self- and peer-ratings of personality and self-ratings of well-being from 219
participants. The evaluative factor in personality self-ratings significantly predicted well-being and explained
more variance than all Big Five traits combined. The evaluative factor in personality peer-ratings had no unique
relation to well-being. These findings suggest that previous estimates of the relationship between personality
traits and well-being have generally been exaggerated. Different methods of accounting for social desirability are
discussed. keywords: شخصیت | تندرستی | مطلوبیت اجتماعی | خود ارزیابی | رتبه بندی های همکار | Personality | Well-being | Social desirability | Self-ratings | Peer-ratings |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Why is personality tied to sleep quality? A biometric analysis of twins
چرا شخصیت با کیفیت خواب ارتباط دارد؟ تجزیه و تحلیل بیومتریک دوقلوها-2021 Despite consistent links between personality traits and poor sleep, little is known about genetic and environmental influences that may produce them. This study examined how much genetic background and environmental experiences contributed to phenotypic linkages between personality and subjective sleep quality. Seven hundred and thirty-four twin pairs from the Minnesota Study of Twin Aging and Development rated their sleep quality and provided personality reports. Bi-variate analyses revealed that genetic factors accounted for the majority of observed associations between subjective sleep quality and traits, but also that non-shared environmental experience played a role that varied across traits. The findings strongly implicate genotype in tying subjective sleep quality to personality variation, alongside non- shared environmental influences, and suggest indicate influences unique to individual traits.© 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Sleep | Personality | Insomnia | Genetic | Development |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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We survived this! What managers could learn from SMEs who successfully navigated the Greek economic crisis
ما از این جان سالم به در بردیم! آنچه مدیران می توانند از شرکتهای متوسط و متوسطی که با موفقیت در بحران اقتصادی یونان پیموده اند بیاموزند-2020 Small and medium size enterprises in both business to business and consumer markets are particularly vulnerable to economic downturns. Concentrating on the Greek economic crisis, one of the toughest and most prolonged on a global scale, the present research sheds light on both anthropocentric and business-centric factors that helped SMEs survive, therefore, providing a valuable survival manual. Per findings of two studies performed under the given economically intense conditions, it is evidenced that the right answer to survival rests upon: (a) the entrepreneurs personality traits and skills that affect the market and entrepreneurial orientations of SMEs,(b) the adoption of such orientations that keep impacting the firms performance, and finally (c) the implementation of strategy relevant to reaching higher quality standards for products and services, combined with tactics relevant to downsizing, marketing actions, extroversion, and financial management. Keywords: Market orientation | Entrepreneurial orientation | Personality traits | SMEs | Economic crisis |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Applying artificial intelligence to explore sexual cyberbullying behaviour
استفاده از هوش مصنوعی برای کشف رفتار مزاحمت اینترنتی-2020 Sexual cyberbullying is becoming a serious problem in todays society. In the workplace, this issue is more complex because of the power imbalance between potential perpetrators and victims. Preventing sexual cyber- bullying in organizations is very important for a safety and respectful workplace. Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) standards establish certain policies to be considered to create an organizational culture based on zero tolerance to sexual cyberbullying. The research aims to broaden knowledge about personality and sexual cyberbullying. Therefore, this paper proposes a crucial tool to explore potential sexual cyberbullying behavior. This study analyzed how personality traits, particularly those related to the Dark Triad (psychopathy, Machia-vellianism and narcissism), might influence this behavior. Participants (N ¼ 374) were Spanish young adults, using the convenience sampling to recruit them. The methodology focused on the use of structural equation modelling and ensemble classification tree. First, we tested the proposed hypotheses with structural equation method based on covariance using the Lavaan R-package. Second, for the ensemble of classification trees, we applied the package random Forest and Adabag (bagging and boosting) in R. Results proposed high levels of psychopathy and Machiavellianism are more likely to be related to sexual cyberbullying behaviors. Organizations could use the tool proposed in this research to develop internal policies and procedures for detection and deterrence of potential cyberbullying behaviors. By raising awareness about cyberbullying behaviour including its conceptualization and measurement in training courses, organizations might build an organizational culture based on a respectful workplace without sexual cyberbullying behaviours. Keywords: Cyberbullying | Dark triad | Machiavellianism | Narcissism | Psychopathy | Structural equation modelling | Ensemble classification tree | Artificial intelligence | Machine learning | Business | Human resource management |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Patients are changing – The ripple effects of changing the law and creating new forensic beds in Belgium
بیماران در حال تغییر هستند - اثرات موج دار تغییر قانون و ایجاد تخت های جدید پزشکی قانونی در بلژیک-2020 Clinical impressions suggest that forensic patients in Belgium have more complex needs regarding care and risk in recent years than before. In this article, we analyzed psychometric data regarding patients’ symptoms, risk estimates, antisocial personality traits, and functional capabilities over a 10-year span in a medium-security unitfor rehabilitation of forensic patients. Data from a total of 129 patients with a main diagnosis of psychosis were analyzed. Results confirmed that patients had higher risk assessment estimates, more psychopathic/antisocial personality traits, and lower cognitive and functional capabilities. The average psychotic symptom levels and protective factors did not statistically change over the ten-year period. The changes are thought to be due to a new forensic law and the creation of new high- and medium-risk beds. Keywords: Forensic patient | Forensic law | Medium security unit | Psychosis | Antisocial personality traits |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Are entrepreneurs born or made? The influence of personality
آیا کارآفرینان متولد شده اند یا ساخته شده اند؟ تأثیر شخصیت-2020 Currently, entrepreneurship is of great importance to economic growth and reduced unemployment. Since entrepreneurial behavior is multidimensional, interest in understanding the roles of individual variables has in- creased significantly. The present study uses the theoretical and empirical framework of entrepreneurship re- search to explain the existence of the psychological profile of an entrepreneur, the impact of the psychological variables of personality on behavior and entrepreneurial intention, and the relationship between personality traits and other specific traits frequently related to entrepreneurship. A sample of 337 participants composed of real entrepreneurs (n = 83) and university students (n = 254) with high scores in entrepreneurial intention were evaluated in personality (Big Five) and other specific traits: ambiguity tolerance, emotional intelligence and coping and problem solving. The results showed that both groups share the same profile in these variables once adjustments were made for the effects of sex and age. A target profile and a preliminary evaluation of its best possible accuracy are provided. Keywords: Entrepreneurship | Target profile | Big Five | Emotional intelligence |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Autistic traits, personality, and evaluations of humanoid robots by young and older adults
ویژگی های اوتیستیک ، شخصیت و ارزیابی ربات های انسان دوستانه توسط افراد جوان و بزرگتر-2020 While research with individuals on the autistic spectrum has increased strongly, there is still a lack of research on
autism/autistic traits in older adults. Children with autism have been proposed to benefit from interactions with
social robots; for older adults, the potential role of robotics is currently being discussed. We combined these
topics by assessing both young and older (Mean age ¼ 22 vs. 69 years) neurotypical adults’ evaluations of various
humanoid robots presented in video clips, on multiple dimensions (likeability, companionship, dominance,
threat, human-likeness). We additionally assessed autistic traits (Autism Spectrum Questionnaire – AQ) and Big-
Five personality traits. Remarkably, older adults evaluated robots as more likeable. Compared to young adults,
older adults also showed significantly higher levels of autistic traits (particularly in the AQ social interaction
subscale), higher levels of conscientiousness, and lower levels of openness. We found strong positive correlations
between ratings of likeability and human-likeness of robots across groups, and particularly in participants with
high levels of autistic trait. Across robots, data also provided evidence for the uncanny valley phenomenon.
Favourable evaluations of robots by older adults suggest potential for older adults on the autistic spectrum to
benefit from social robots. Keywords: Humanoid robots | Old adults | Autistic traits | Personality | Visual appearance |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Association of Oral Parafunctional Habits with Anxiety and the Big-Five Personality Traits in the Saudi Adult Population
انجمن عادات پارافانکشنال دهانی با اضطراب و ویژگی های شخصیتی بزرگ پنج در عربستان بزرگسالان جمعیت-2020 Background: Oral parafunctional habits are related to any abnormal hyperactivity
of the oromandibular system. They are prevalent in all societies in varying
intensity and have potential physical and psychological implications. The aim of
this study was twofold: 1) to determine the prevalence of various types of oral
parafunctional habits in the Saudi adult population, and 2) to examine their
association with and the level of anxiety and personality factors.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with an electronic data
collection form distributed to the public through social media. The questionnaire
comprised of the following: a) demographic information, b) the Hamilton Anxiety
Rating Scale (HAM-A), c) the Ten-Item of Big-Five Personality Traits, d) a list of
oral parafunctional habits. Data were analysed using a Pearson’s Chi square and
binary logistic regression.
Results: The participants reported several parafunctional habits including daily
gum chewing (86%), lip/object biting (59%), clenching (45%), nail biting (36%)
and grinding (32%). Males were 3 [2.3-3.7] times and younger age groups were 1.5
[1.1-2.0] times more likely to be associated with nail biting compared to their
counter groups (adj.P<0.001 and adj.P=0.007). Lip/object biting was significantly
1.3 [1.1-1.7] times more prevalent in males (adj.P=0.015). Participants who
reported being extroverts were more likely to be associated with clenching (46.4%)
(P=0.024). An emotionally stable person was significantly less likely to be
associated with nail biting (28.4%), grinding (24.9%), clenching (35.8%), and
lip/object biting (48.4%) (P<0.001each). Participants who reported
conscientiousness and emotional stability were significantly less associated with
TMD (P=0.007, P<0.001).
Conclusion: Oral parafunctional habits are highly prevalent in the Saudi adult
population in varying degrees. Possible risk factors include males, younger age
groups, single people, and being financially constrained. Keywords: Para-functional | Nail biting | bruxism | Personality Factors | Saudi population |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Are voluntary international migrants self-selected for entrepreneurship? An analysis of entrepreneurial personality traits
آیا مهاجران داوطلب بین المللی برای کارآفرینی خود انتخاب می شوند؟ تجزیه و تحلیل ویژگی های شخصیت کارآفرینانه-2020 In many countries, international migrants show a high tendency to become entrepreneurs. In the literature this has often been attributed to discrimination, ethnic networks, and sociodemographic differences. This paper examines a new explanation and argues that voluntary international migrants have a more entrepreneurial personality as a result of self-selection. An analysis of intentions, preparatory actions (n = 1,385) and long-term actions (n = 360) of skilled migrants andnon-migrants confirms this hypothesis. It suggests that the relationship between voluntary international migration and entrepreneurship is mediated by a greater willingness to take risks and, to some extent, by a greater need for achievement. Keywords: Migrant entrepreneurship | international entrepreneurship | ethnic entrepreneurship | entrepreneurial personality | international migration | risk taking | need for achievement |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Co-occurring psychopathy symptoms in offending boys: Do patterns of interactions among symptoms depend on levels of psychopathic tendencies?
علائم روانپزشکی همزمان در پسران متخلف: آیا الگوهای تعامل بین علائم بستگی به میزان تمایلات روانی دارد؟-2020 Psychopathy is typically considered to include a myriad of personality traits. We explored how psychopathic
features, assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL: YV; Forth, Kosson, & Hare, 2003), are
interrelated in a network model among 1170 serious offending boys. Results showed callous/lack of empathy
and irresponsibility are among the most frequently co-occurring features. Callous/lack of empathy, manipulation
for gain, and serious criminal behavior were the most influential items among delinquent boys with elevated
psychopathic tendencies. This study extends the understanding of psychopathic traits as an interconnecting
network of features into offending adolescent boys, suggesting that certain interactions between certain features
in youth may facilitate the manifestation of psychopathy into a stable personality trait in adulthood and also
highlights the possibility that more common and less common symptom constellations make up psychopathy in
delinquent youth. However, it should be noted that the level of psychopathic traits matter as to which features
are central, with grandiose manipulative traits common at high levels of psychopathy (discriminating), and
callous traits common even at low thresholds. These findings suggest that network analyses should consider the
level of psychopathic traits (high v. med-to-low) when discussing which features are “central” or common. Keywords: Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version | PCL: YV | Network analysis |
مقاله انگلیسی |