با سلام خدمت کاربران در صورتی که با خطای سیستم پرداخت بانکی مواجه شدید از طریق کارت به کارت (6037997535328901 بانک ملی ناصر خنجری ) مقاله خود را دریافت کنید (تا مشکل رفع گردد).
ردیف | عنوان | نوع |
---|---|---|
1 |
Animal biometric assessment using non-invasive computer vision and machine learning are good predictors of dairy cows age and welfare: The future of automated veterinary support systems
ارزیابی بیومتریک حیوانات با استفاده از بینایی کامپیوتری غیرتهاجمی و یادگیری ماشینی پیشبینیکننده خوبی برای سن و رفاه گاوهای شیری هستند: آینده سیستمهای پشتیبانی خودکار دامپزشکی-2022 Digitally extracted biometrics from visible videos of farm animals could be used to automatically assess animal
welfare, contributing to the future of automated veterinary support systems. This study proposed using non-
invasive video acquisition and biometric analysis of dairy cows in a robotic dairy farm (RDF) located at the
Dookie campus, The University of Melbourne, Australia. Data extracted from dairy cows were used to develop
two machine learning models: a biometrics regression model (Model 1) targeting (i) somatic cell count, (ii)
weight, (iii) rumination, and (iv) feed intake and a classification model (Model 2) mapping features from dairy
cow’s face to predict animal age. Results showed that Model 1 achieved a high correlation coefficient (R = 0.96),
slope (b = 0.96), and performance, and Model 2 had high accuracy (98%), low error (2%), and high performance
without signs of under or overfitting. Models developed in this study can be used in parallel with other models to
assess milk productivity, quality traits, and welfare for RDF and conventional dairy farms. keywords: هوش مصنوعی | فیزیولوژی گاو | ماستیت | بیومتریک حیوانات | سنجش از راه دور برد کوتاه | Artificial intelligence | Cows physiology | Mastitis | Animal biometrics | Short range remote sensing |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Pathophysiology of Advanced Heart Failure
پاتوفیزیولوژی نارسایی پیشرفته قلب-2021 The pathophysiologyof advanced heart failure (HF) can be characterized asa complex interplay ofdysregulated mechanisms comprising impaired hemodynamics, neurohormonal and proinflammatory
activation, dysfunctional cardiorespiratory reflex control, and inadequate energy handling, all of which
ultimately lead to multiorgan dysfunction; at the later stage of HF, numerous comorbidities, whose underlying pathophysiologiesoftenamplifyHFprogression,tendtodominatetheclinicalpicture and therapeutic approach, and some of these mechanisms have been identified as therapeutic targets in HF.
Blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (preferably with an angiotensin receptorneprilysin inhibitor, but alternatively with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers together with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist) and sympathetic nervous system (with b-blockers) is now considered a fundamental element of pharmacologic therapy for all patients with advanced HF and reduced ejection fraction. Autonomic modulation (vagal nerve stimulation or baroreflex stimulation) in advanced HF tends to benefit functional variables (qualityof life,NewYork HeartAssociation class, 6-minutewalking distance), whereas improvement in the outcomes (total mortality, HF hospitalizations) still remains uncertain. Fluid overload with central and/or peripheral congestion characterize the clinical picture of advanced HF and is the main reason for hospital admission in these patients; distinction of different clinical patterns of congestion with different underlying mechanisms may improve the management of fluid overload in advanced HF. Recent clinicaltrials have shown that the following novel therapiestargeting impairedpathophysiologic pathways in advanced HF seem to improve patients’ outcomes: (1) vericiguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator; (2) omecamtiv mecarbil, a selective cardiac myosin activator; (3) sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors; (4) ferric carboxymaltose, for patients with concomitant iron deficiency. Better understanding of the pathophysiology underlying HF progression may allow characterization of novel mechanisms that can be targeted in order to revert to a natural pathway of HF development and progression. |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Plasma prolactin is higher in major depressive disorder and females, and associated with anxiety, hostility, somatization, psychotic symptoms and heart rate
پرولاکتین پلاسما در اختلال افسردگی اساسی و زنان بالاتر است، و در ارتباط با اضطراب، خصومت، شکایت جسمانی، علائم روان پریشی و ضربان قلب-2021 Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is linked to poor physical health including an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic disease (CMD), yet the underlying physiology of this relationship is not clear. One pathophysiological mechanism that may underlie this relationship is neuroendocrine dysregulation, including that of the hormone prolactin. Prolactin has a role in the regulation of stress, and it is linked to anxiety, hostility, and weight gain, which are all implicated in MDD and increased CMD risk. However, little research has examined plasma prolactin in association with psychological symptoms of MDD or biometric indices of CMD risk.
Method: Plasma samples of 120 participants (n ¼ 60 meeting DSM-5 criteria for MDD and n ¼ 60 control; age and sex matched) were analysed to assess prolactin concentration. Biometric data (BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure and heart rate) were collected, and participants completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). Results: Plasma prolactin was higher in participants with MDD versus controls (8.79 T 5.16 ng/mL and 7.03 T4.78 ng/mL, respectively; F ¼ 4.528, p ¼ 0.035) and among females versus males (9.14 T 5.57 ng/mL and 6.31 T3.70 ng/mL, respectively; F ¼ 9.157, p ¼ 0.003). Prolactin was correlated with several psychological symptoms including anxiety, hostility and somatization, and with heart rate, but not with any other biometric measures. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that neuroendocrine dysregulation in MDD may extend to the hormone prolactin, with prolactin being specifically associated with a subset of related psychometric and car- diovascular measures. Keywords: Major depressive disorder | Cardiometabolic disease | Prolactin | Anxiety | Hostility |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics and acid rain on physiology and growth of Lepidium sativum
اثرات ریزپلاستیک های پلی اتیلن ترفتالات (PET) و باران اسیدی بر فیزیولوژی و رشد Lepidium sativum-2021 This study evaluated the chronic toxicity (30 days) of different sizes of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics (60e3000 mm) provided alone or in combination with acid rain, on garden cress (Lepidium sativum). Both biometrical and physiological traits have been evaluated: i) percentage inhibition of seed germination, plant height, leaf number and fresh biomass production; ii) oxidative stress responses (hydrogen peroxide; ascorbic acid and glutathione production); iii) impairment in photosynthetic machinery in term of pigments production; iv) aminolevulinic acid and proline production. Results high- lighted that different sizes of PET, alone or in combination with acid rain, are able to negatively affect both biometrical and physiological plant traits. In particular, the lower size of microplastics is able to negatively affect growth and development, as well as to trigger the oxidative burst. Regarding the pigments production, PET coupled with acid rain, induced a higher production of Chl-b, and an inhibition of aminolevulinic acid.© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Polyethylene terephthalate | Acid rain | Lepidium sativum | Oxidative burst | Germinability | Chlorophylls |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
Short-term neuronal effects of Fumonisin B1 on neuronal activity in rodents
اثرات عصبی کوتاه مدت Fumonisin B1 بر فعالیت عصبی در جوندگان-2020 Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by microscopic fungi (mostly Fusarium
species), which may infect our major crops. The toxin inhibits the development of these plants
and may also have harmful effects on animals and humans consuming the infected crops.
FB1 inhibits sphingolipid biosynthesis which leads to altered membrane characteristics and
consequently, altered cellular functions. There are some indications that the toxin has
inhibitory effects on neuronal activity in case of repeated consumption, presumably due to
sphingolipid depletion. However, according to new literature data, FB1 may have acute
excitatory neural effects, too, via different mechanisms of action. Therefore, in the present
study, we addressed the neuronal network effects of FB1 following acute treatment, using
different electrophysiological techniques in vitro and in vivo.
Acute treatments with FB1 (10-100 μM) were carried out on brain slices, tissue cultures and
live animals. After direct treatment of samples, electrically evoked or spontaneous field
potentials were examined in the hippocampus and the neocortex of rat brain slices and in
hippocampal cell cultures. In the hippocampus, a short-term increase in the excitability of
neuronal networks and individual cells was observed in response to FB1 treatment. In some
cases, the initially enhanced excitation was reversed presumably due to overactivation of
neuronal networks. Normal spontaneous activity was found to be stimulated in hippocampal
cell cultures. Seizure susceptibility was not affected in the neocortex of brain slices.
For the verification of the results caused by direct treatment, effects of systemic
administration of FB1 (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.) were also examined. Evoked field potentials recorded
in vivo from the somatosensory cortex and cell activation measured by the c-fos technique in hippocampus and somatosensory cortex were analyzed. However, the hippocampal and cortical stimulatory effect detected in vitro could not be demonstrated by these in vivo assays.
Altogether, the toxin enhanced the basic excitability of neurons and neuronal networks after
direct treatment but there were no effects on the given brain areas after systemic treatment in
vivo. Based on the observed in vitro FB1 effects and the lack of data on the penetration of
FB1 across the blood-brain barrier, we assume that in vivo consequences of FB1
administration can be more prominent in case of perturbed blood-brain barrier functions. Keywords: neurotoxicity | electrophysiology | c-Fos, mycotoxin | field potential | brain slice | tissue culture |
مقاله انگلیسی |
6 |
What electrophysiology tells us about Alzheimer’s disease: a window into the synchronization and connectivity of brain neurons
آنچه الکتروفیزیولوژی در مورد بیماری آلزایمر به ما می گوید: پنجره ای برای هماهنگ سازی و اتصال نورون های مغز-2020 Electrophysiology provides a real-time readout of neural functions and network capability in different
brain states, on temporal (fractions of milliseconds) and spatial (micro, meso, and macro) scales unmet
by other methodologies. However, current international guidelines do not endorse the use of electroencephalographic
(EEG)/magnetoencephalographic (MEG) biomarkers in clinical trials performed in
patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), despite a surge in recent validated evidence. This position paper
of the ISTAART Electrophysiology Professional Interest Area endorses consolidated and translational
electrophysiological techniques applied to both experimental animal models of AD and patients, to probe
the effects of AD neuropathology (i.e., brain amyloidosis, tauopathy, and neurodegeneration) on
neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning neural excitation/inhibition and neurotransmission as
well as brain network dynamics, synchronization, and functional connectivity, reflecting thalamocortical
and corticocortical residual capacity. Converging evidence shows relationships between abnormalities in
EEG/MEG markers and cognitive deficits in groups of AD patients at different disease stages. The supporting
evidence for the application of electrophysiology in AD clinical research as well as drug discovery
pathways warrants an international initiative to include the use of EEG/MEG biomarkers in the main
multicentric projects planned in AD patients, to produce conclusive findings challenging the present
regulatory requirements and guidelines for AD studies. Keywords: The Alzheimer’s Association International | Society to Advance Alzheimer’s Research | and Treatment (ISTAART) | Alzheimer’s disease (AD) | Electroencephalography and | magnetoencephalography (EEG and MEG) | Resting-state condition | Event-related potentials and magnetic fields | Preclinical and clinical research |
مقاله انگلیسی |
7 |
Running power meters and theoretical models based on laws of physics: Effects of environments and running conditions
معیارهای قدرت دویدن و مدلهای نظری مبتنی بر قوانین فیزیک: تأثیر محیط و شرایط دویدن-2020 Training prescription and load monitoring in running activities have benefited from power output (PW) data
offered by new technologies. Nevertheless, to date, the sensitivity of PW data provided by these tools is still not
completely clear. The aim of this study was to analyze the level of agreement between the PW estimated by five
commercial technologies and the two main internationally theoretical models based on laws of physics, in
different environments and running conditions. Ten endurance-trained male athletes performed three submaximal
running protocols on a treadmill (indoor) and an athletic track (outdoor), with changes in speed, body
weight, and slope. PW was simultaneously registered by the commercial technologies Stryd (StrydApp and
StrydWatch), RunScribe, GarminRP and PolarV, whereas theoretical power output (TPW) was calculated by the two
mathematical models (TPW1 and TPW2). Statistics included, among others, the Pearsons correlation coefficient
(r) and standard error of measurement (SEM). The PolarV, and above all Stryd, showed the closest agreement
with the TPW1 (Stryd: r≥0.947, SEM ≤ 11 W; PolarV: r≥0.931, SEM ≤ 64 W) and TPW2 (Stryd: r≥0.933,
SEM ≤ 60 W; PolarV: r≥0.932, SEM ≤ 24 W), both indoors and outdoors. On the other hand, the devices
GarminRP (r≤0.765, SEM ≥ 59 W) and RunScribe. (r≤0.508, SEM ≥ 125 W) showed the lowest agreement
with the TPW1 and TPW2 models for all conditions and environments analyzed. The closest agreement of the
Stryd and PolarV technologies with the TPW1 and TPW2 models suggest these tools as the most sensitive, among
those analyzed, for PW measurement when changing environments and running conditions. Keywords: Endurance | Accelerometer | Variability | Physiology | Biomechanics |
مقاله انگلیسی |
8 |
Transgenerational stress memory of water deficit in peanut production
حافظه فشار تراریخته از کسری آب در تولید بادام زمینی-2020 To address a changing climate and dwindling water resources, many farmers have begun to adopt water-saving
irrigation management practices in crop production. Consequently, the impacts of these water-management
schemes on crop physiology and yield have been quantified within a single growing season, but relatively little
work has been done in characterizing the effects of controlled water deficit on crop performance in the subsequent
generation. Therefore, the major aim of this project was to explore the phenotypic impacts of watersaving
irrigation management between generations and identify potential genotypic variation in these responses
through the quantification of transgenerational stress memory (TSM) in the establishment, photosynthetic and
agronomic performance of five genotypes of peanut. To address this objective, seeds were collected from parents
that received two water regimes representing two parent stress histories with contrasting potential to induce
TSM and providing two progeny types: 1) offspring of non-stressed parents and 2) offspring of stressed parents.
Measurements of seedling emergence, photosynthetic functioning, and yield in three consecutive years indicated
that TSM may exist in peanut. However, the ways in which TSM is expressed are complex and appear to be
dependent on both the genotype and the immediate environmental conditions experienced by the offspring of
stressed parents. The offspring of stressed parents had greater yield than the offspring of non-stressed parents,
but only in one year of the study. On the other hand, field emergence was improved in the offspring of stressed
parents in all years, indicating the stand establishment of peanut plants was determined, at least in part, by the
water deficit incurred during the parent generation. These results suggest that the influence of TSM on peanut
phenotypes was limited to the early stages of growth of field-grown peanut. Results of this study also highlight
the need to further examine the role of management in the parental generation in determining peanut seed
quality and subsequent plant performance under a variety of environmental conditions. Keywords: Arachis hypogaea L. | Controlled deficit irrigation | Chlorophyll fluorescence | Parental effects | Emergence |
مقاله انگلیسی |
9 |
Modulation of Frequency Preference in Heterogeneous Populations of Theta-resonant Neurons
مدولاسیون اولویت فرکانس در جمعیت ناهمگن نورون های تتا-رزونانس-2020 Abstract—Neurons from several brain regions resonate in the theta frequency range (4–12 Hz), displaying a higher
voltage response to oscillatory currents at a preferred ‘resonant’ frequency (fR). Subthreshold resonance could
influence spiking and contribute to the selective entrainment of neurons during the network oscillatory activity
that accompanies several cognitive processes. Neurons from different regions display resonance in specific theta
subranges, suggesting a functional specialization. Further experimental work is needed to characterize this diversity
and explore how frequency preference could be dynamically modulated. Theoretical studies have shown that
the fine-tuning of resonance depends in a complex way on a variety of intrinsic factors and input properties, but
their specific influence is difficult to dissect in cells. We performed slice electrophysiology, dynamic clamping
and modelling to assess the differential frequency preference of rat entorhinal stellate neurons, hippocampal
CA1 pyramidal neurons and cortical amygdala neurons, which share a hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih)-
dependent resonance mechanism. We found heterogeneous resonance properties among the different types of
theta-resonant neurons, as well as in each specific group. In all the neurons studied, fR inversely correlated with
the effective input resistance (Rin), a measurable variable that depends on passive and active membrane features.
We showed that resonance can be adjusted by manipulations mimicking naturally occurring processes, as the
incorporation of a virtual constant conductance or cell depolarization, in a way that preserves the fR-Rin relationship.
The modulation of frequency selectivity influences firing by shifting spike frequency and timing, which
could influence neuronal communication in an active network. 2019 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights
reserved. Key words: theta-frequency resonance | frequency modulation | input resistance | resonant frequency | phase-lag | spike timing |
مقاله انگلیسی |
10 |
Pathological high frequency oscillations associate with increased GABA synaptic activity in pediatric epilepsy surgery patients
نوسانات فرکانس پاتولوژیک با افزایش فعالیت سیناپسی GABA در بیماران جراحی صرع کودکان ارتباط دارد-2020 Pathological high-frequency oscillations (HFOs), specifically fast ripples (FRs,>250 Hz), are pathognomonic of
an active epileptogenic zone. However, the origin of FRs remains unknown. Here we explored the correlation
between FRs recorded with intraoperative pre-resection electrocorticography (ECoG) and spontaneous synaptic
activity recorded ex vivo from cortical tissue samples resected for the treatment of pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
The cohort included 47 children (ages 0.22–9.99 yr) with focal cortical dysplasias (CD types I and II), tuberous
sclerosis complex (TSC) and non-CD pathologies. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were obtained from pyramidal
neurons and interneurons in cortical regions that were positive or negative for pathological HFOs, defined
as FR band oscillations (250–500 Hz) at ECoG. The frequency of spontaneous excitatory and inhibitory
postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs and IPSCs, respectively) was compared between HFO+ and HFO- regions.
Regardless of pathological substrate, regions positive for FRs displayed significantly increased frequencies of
sIPSCs compared with regions negative for FRs. In contrast, the frequency of sEPSCs was similar in both regions.
In about one third of cases (n=17), pacemaker GABA synaptic activity (PGA) was observed. In the vast majority
(n=15), PGA occurred in HFO+ areas. Further, fast-spiking interneurons displayed signs of hyperexcitability
exclusively in HFO+ areas. These results indicate that, in pediatric epilepsy patients, increased GABA synaptic
activity is associated with interictal FRs in the epileptogenic zone and suggest an active role of GABAergic
interneurons in the generation of pathological HFOs. Increased GABA synaptic activity could serve to dampen
excessive excitability of cortical pyramidal neurons in the epileptogenic zone, but it could also promote neuronal
network synchrony. Keywords: Fast ripples | Cortical dysplasia | GABA | Electrophysiology | Slice | Synaptic activity |
مقاله انگلیسی |