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نتیجه جستجو - Policy

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 1379
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Shuttle-Exploiting Attacks and Their Defenses in Trapped-Ion Quantum Computers
حملات بهره برداری شاتل و دفاع آنها در کامپیوترهای کوانتومی یونی به دام افتاده-2022
Trapped-ion (TI) quantum bits are a front-runner technology for quantum computing. TI systems with multiple interconnected traps can overcome the hardware connectivity issue inherent in superconducting qubits and can solve practical problems at scale. With a sufficient number of qubits on the horizon, the multi-programming model for Quantum Computers (QC) has been proposed where multiple users share the same QC for their computing. Multi-programming is enticing for quantum cloud providers as it can maximize device utilization, throughput, and profit for clouds. Users can also benefit from the short wait queue. However, shared access to quantum computers can create new security issues. This paper presents one such vulnerability in shared TI systems that require shuttle operations for communication among traps. Repeated shuttle operations increase quantum bit energy and degrade the reliability of computations (fidelity). We show adversarial program design approaches requiring numerous shuttles. We propose a random and systematic methodology for adversary program generation. Our analysis shows shuttle-exploiting attacks can substantially degrade the fidelities of victim programs by ≈2× to ≈63×. Finally, we present several countermeasures such as adopting a hybrid initial mapping policy, padding victim programs with dummy qubits, and capping maximum shuttles.
INDEX TERMS: Trapped-ion | qubit | quantum computing | shuttle | security | fidelity.
مقاله انگلیسی
2 آیا آزادسازی بازار سهام ، همزمانی قیمت سهام را کاهش می دهد؟ شواهدی از اتصال سهام شانگهای-هنگ کنگ
سال انتشار: 2022 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 14 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 41
در این مطالعه تأثیر آزادسازی بازار سهام بر همزمانی قیمت سهام را با استفاده از سیاست جدید اصلاحی آزادسازی بازار سهام در چین در زمینه متصل کردن بازار سهام شانگهای-هنگ کنگ (SHSC)، به عنوان یک طرح نیمه آزمایشی، بررسی میکنیم. آنالیز تفاوت در تفاوت نشان می دهد که اجرای SHSC به طور معناداری همزمانی قیمت سهام شرکت های واجد شرایط پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار شانگهای را کاهش می دهد و این تاثیر عمدتاً در شرکت های پذیرفته شده ای که درجه "باز بودن" آنها کمتر است ،وجود دارد. علاوه بر این، ما اثبات می کنیم که SHSC شفافیت اطلاعات و فراوانی افشاء داوطلبانه را ارتقا می دهد. در نهایت، دریافتیم که SHSC بر همزمانی قیمت سهام شرکت های واجد شرایط پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار هنگ کنگ تأثیر نمی گذارد.
کلمات کلیدی: آزادسازی بازار سهام | همزمانی قیمت سهام | اتصال بازار سهام شانگهای-هنگ کنگ | کارایی اطلاعات
مقاله ترجمه شده
3 Resource Allocation in Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) Networks Based on Phasic Policy Gradient Reinforcement Learning
تخصیص منابع در شبکه های گام کانال با شکاف زمانی (TSCH) بر اساس یادگیری تقویت گرادیان خط مشی فازی-2022
The concept of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is gaining prominence due to its lowcost solutions and improved productivity of manufacturing processes. To address the ultra-high reliability and ultra-low power communication requirements of IIoT networks, Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) behavioral mode has been introduced in IEEE 802.15.4e standard. Scheduling the packet transmissions in IIoT networks is a difficult task owing to the limited resources and dynamic topology. In IEEE 802.15.4e TSCH, the design of the schedule is open to implementation. In this paper, we propose a phasic policy gradient (PPG) based TSCH schedule learning algorithm. We construct the utility function that accounts for the throughput, and energy efficiency of the TSCH network. The proposed PPG based scheduling algorithm overcomes the drawbacks of totally distributed and totally centralized deep reinforcement learning-based scheduling algorithms by employing the actor–critic policy gradient method that learns the scheduling algorithm in two phases, namely policy phase and auxiliary phase. In this method, we show that the schedule converges quickly compared to any other actor–critic method and also improves the system throughput performance by 58% compared to the minimal scheduling function, a default TSCH schedule.
Keywords: Industrial internet of things | IEEE 802.15.4e | Time slotted channel hopping | Deep reinforcement learning | Actor–critic policy gradient methods | Phasic policy gradient
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Sensible and secure IoT communication for digital twins, cyber twins, web twins
ارتباط معقول و ایمن IoT برای زوج های دیجیتال، زوج های سایبری، زوج های وب-2022
In order to effectively solve the current security problems encountered by smart wireless terminals in the digital twin biological network, to ensure the stable and efficient operation of the wireless communication network. This research aims to reduce the interference attack in the communication network, an interference source location scheme based on Mobile Tracker in the communication process of the Internet of Things (IoT) is designed. Firstly, this paper improves Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) to meet the security and overhead requirements of digital twin networking communication. The access control policy is used to encrypt a random key, and the symmetric encryption scheme is used to hide the key. In addition, in the proposed interference source location technology, the influence of observation noise is reduced based on the principle of unscented Kalman filter, and the estimated interference source location is modified by the interference source motion model. In order to further evaluate the performance of the method proposed as the interference source, this paper simulates the jamming attack scenario. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value of the proposed algorithm is 0.245 m, which is better than the ErrMin algorithm (0.313 m), and the number of observation nodes of the proposed algorithm is less than half of the ErrMin algorithm. To sum up, satisfactory results can be achieved by taking the Jamming Signal Strength (JSS) information as the observation value and estimating the location of the interference source and other state information based on the untracked Kalman filter algorithm. This research has significant value for the secure communication of the digital twins in the IoT.
keywords: زوج دیجیتال | سیستم فیزیکی-سایبری | زوج وب | ارتباطات اینترنت اشیا | امنیت ارتباطات | Digital twin | Cyber-physical system | Web twins | IoT communication | Communication security
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Smart City Data Science: Towards data-driven smart cities with open research issues
علم داده شهر هوشمند: به سوی شهرهای هوشمند مبتنی بر داده با مسائل تحقیقاتی باز-2022
Cities are undergoing huge shifts in technology and operations in recent days, and ‘data science’ is driving the change in the current age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0 or 4IR). Extracting useful knowledge or actionable insights from city data and building a corresponding data-driven model is the key to making a city system automated and intelligent. Data science is typically the scientific study and analysis of actual happenings with historical data using a variety of scientific methodologies, machine learning techniques, processes, and systems. In this paper, we concentrate on and explore ‘‘Smart City Data Science’’, where city data collected from various sources such as sensors, Internet-connected devices, or other external sources, is being mined for insights and hidden correlations to enhance decision-making processes and deliver better and more intelligent services to citizens. To achieve this goal, artificial intelligence, particularly, machine learning analytical modeling can be employed to provide deeper knowledge about city data, which makes the computing process more actionable and intelligent in various real-world city services. Finally, we identify and highlight ten open research issues for future development and research in the context of data-driven smart cities. Overall, we aim to provide an insight into smart city data science conceptualization on a broad scale, which can be used as a reference guide for the researchers, industry professionals, as well as policy-makers of a country, particularly, from the technological point of view.
keywords: شهرهای هوشمند | علم داده | فراگیری ماشین | اینترنت اشیا | تصمیم گیری داده محور | خدمات هوشمند | امنیت سایبری | Smartcities | Datascience | Machinelearning | InternetofThings | Data-drivendecisionmaking | Intelligentservices | Cybersecurity
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Assessing the Needs of the Quantum Industry
ارزیابی نیازهای صنعت کوانتومی-2022
Background: Quantum information science and technology (QIST) has progressed significantly in the last decade, such that it is no longer solely in the domain of research labs, but is now beginning to be developed for, and applied in, industrial applications and products. With the emergence of this new quantum industry, a new workforce trained in QIST skills and knowledge is needed. Research Questions: To help support the education and training of this workforce, universities and colleges require knowledge of the type of jobs available for their students and what skills and degrees are most relevant for those new jobs. What are these jobs, skills, and degrees? Methodology: We report on the results from a survey of 57 companies in the quantum industry, with the goal of elucidating the jobs, skills, and degrees that are relevant for this new workforce. Findings: We find a range of job opportunities from highly specific jobs, such as quantum algorithm developer and error correction scientist, to broader jobs categories within the business, software, and hardware sectors. These broader jobs require a range of skills, most of which are not quantum related. Furthermore, except for the highly specific jobs, companies that responded to the survey are looking for a range of degree levels to fill these new positions, from bachelors to masters to Ph.D.s. Contribution: With this knowledge, students, instructors, and university administrators can make informed decisions about how to address the challenge of increasing the future quantum workforce.
Index Terms: Education, policy | quantum computing | workforce development.
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Fog Node Self-Control Middleware: Enhancing context awareness towards autonomous decision making in Fog Colonies
میان افزار خودکنترلی گره مه: افزایش آگاهی از زمینه به سمت تصمیم گیری مستقل در کلونی های مه-2022
The concept of Fog Colonies has recently been introduced in Fog Computing, and is rapidly gaining attention. As Fog Colonies are extended, Fog Colony Control mechanisms have gained significant interest. Although, there are numerous solutions efficiently supporting a Context Aware coordinating entity, exploring approaches for decentralized control remains a challenge. Towards this direction, there are efforts promoting the concept of autonomous Fog Nodes, making their own decisions with internalized control without the existence of a coordinating entity. In this paper we propose and implement a Context Aware Self-Control management middleware for Fog Nodes, enabling their Self-Management utilizing contextual information shared between Fog colony members. To that end, we employ Policy Rulebooks to define Context Aware Policies that each Fog Node can enforce. Finally, we evaluated the proposed middleware against a non Context Aware one, under exactly the same conditions, using a real-world smart building use case, focusing on performance issues related to the end-user.
keywords: Fog Computing Fog Node | Fog Colony Management | Distributed Control Software | Self Control Middleware | Autonomous Fog Nodes | Context awareness | Operational policies
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Introducing an application of an industry 4:0 solution for circular supply chain management
معرفی کاربرد راه حل صنعت 4:0 برای مدیریت حلقه تأمین دایره ای-2021
In recent years, sustainable supply chain management practices have been adopted by companies that desire to reduce the negative environmental and social impacts within their supply chains. Within this perspective, a circular approach has been developed in the supply chain literature. Circular economy models and solutions assisted by industry 4.0 technologies have been developed to transform products in the end of their life cycle into new products with different use. In this paper an industry 4.0 waste-to- energy solution is developed and applied in a pilot case study comprised by a real-world supply chain to evaluate the sustainability performance of circular supply chain management (CSCM). The findings show that redesigning supply chains for circular economy with the use of Industry 4.0 technologies, can enable circular supply chain management. Clear benefits are provided linking the proposed solution to the six circular economy dimensions of the ReSOLVE model i.e. regenerate, share, optimize, loop, virtualise, and exchange. Improved availability of personnel (5% and 15%) and fleet resources (15%) are identified as some of the key quantitative benefits, while supply chain traceability through the full visibility and automation offered by the proposed solution, are some of the key non-quantifiable out- comes. The present work seeks to contribute to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence of how industry 4.0 and circular economy are applied in practice. Implications for managers and policy makers, along with the study limitations and further research paths are also presented.© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-NDlicense (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Keywords: Circular economy | Circular supply chain management (CSCM) | Industry 4.0 | Waste-to-energy | ReSOLVE model
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Analysing the inhibitors of complexity for achieving sustainability and improving sustainable performance of petroleum supply chain
تجزیه و تحلیل مهارکننده های پیچیدگی برای دستیابی به پایداری و بهبود عملکرد پایدار زنجیره تأمین نفت-2021
In the era of business sustainability, the modern supply chain is becoming complex due to several inhibitors such as uncertainty in the market, technological innovation, environmental protocols, cross-border trade regulations, and many stakeholders’ involvement. In the existing literature, minimal discussion to study the inhibit supply chain complexity (SCC) inhibitors for achieving sustainability. Therefore, the study analyses the inhibitors to SCC and supply chain sustainability (SCS) jointly. The combined examination of the underlying relationship for improving the Petroleum Supply Chain’s sustainable performance (PSC) is arguably one of the complex sectors with a significant impact on the environment and sustainability. The inhibitors to SCC and SCS are identified through extensive literature review and experts’ opinions. Through a structured questionnaire, data were collected from PSC experts. An integrated approach of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and interpretive structural modelling (ISM) is proposed to prioritize and examine the underlying relationship between inhibitors. This study explores the driving and dependence power of the inhibitors. The results indicate that most of the SCS inhibitors, such as institutional pressures (laws and regulations), strategic lack of strategic supplier alliance, market threat, act as drivers of SCC inhibitors, such as technological complexity, horizontal complexity, and complexity of customers. The study’s findings would help the supply chain managers and the petroleum sector policymakers to make better decision to overcome the challenges for achieving sustainability in PSC.
Keywords: Petroleum supply chain | Environment and sustainability | Complexity | Business strategy | Interpretive structural modelling | Performance
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Framing accounting for goodwill: Intractable controversies between users and standard setters
فریم کردن حسابداری برای حسن نیت: اختلافات قابل انعطاف بین کاربران و برنامه های استاندارد-2021
How to account for goodwill arising from business combinations has proven to be one the most controversial topics for the standardisation, preparation, and audit of financial reports. Given its contested nature, and recent debates about improper goodwill accounting by failing companies, standard setters are currently reconsidering existing recognition, measurement, and disclosure requirements. In this study, we explore the views of a relatively neglected group of stakeholders in the financial reporting policy-making arena – financial statement users. We draw on empirical evidence from interviews with financial analysts and from responses by analysts to IASB and EFRAG consultations. We mobilise framing theory as used in public policy studies to analyse how users make sense of goodwill accounting information as compared to standard setters. Our key finding is the plurality of colliding frames between users and standard setters that remain intractable. Our analysis reveals that users’ interest in management’s accountability on acquisi- tions cannot fit easily into the financial reporting frame. Not only are claims by standard setters about the value relevance of goodwill impairments found not to be experienced in practice, but also we discover that users question the benefits of standard setters working in this area, while they take recourse to ‘street numbers’ for their analysis. We interpret the intractability we discover as putting into question public policy claims that accounting policies are developed with a commitment to serve the public interest.
keywords: IFRS | حسن نیت | آنالیز مالی | کادر بندی | IFRS | Goodwill | Financial analysis | Framing
مقاله انگلیسی
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