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نتیجه جستجو - Pricing

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 224
ردیف عنوان نوع
21 Optimal pricing and replenishment policy for perishable food supply chain under inflation
سیاست قیمت گذاری و بازپرداخت بهینه زنجیره تامین مواد غذایی فاسدشدنی تحت تورم-2021
The COVID-19 outbreak-caused blockade and disruption of the supply chain have dramatically increased the prices of perishable food and other products that rely heavily on the timeliness of supply chains. In the case of inflation, this study aims to make some adjustment to the pricing and replenishment strategy of perishable food and compare it with the scenario without considering inflation to determine the impact of the inflation rate, quality deterioration, time value of money, and characteristics of cash flow of perishable food sales on the supply chain decision-making. We used the discounted cash flow (DCF) model to measure retailers’ revenue, which established that the optimal pricing and replenishing strategy could maximize the retailers’ profit. Besides, the findings were compared with the traditional profit model. Moreover, numerical experiments and sensitivity analysis were provided for decision support to retailers. Overall, this study validates that inflation significantly affects the pricing and replenishment strategy, and the DCF model is more suitable to evaluate the profits of perishable food.
Keywords: Inflation | Optimal pricing | Replenishment strategy | Supply chain | Time value of money | Perishable food
مقاله انگلیسی
22 Negotiation-sequence, pricing, and ordering decisions in a three-echelon supply chain: A coopetitive-game analysis
توالی مذاکره ، قیمت گذاری و تصمیمات سفارش در یک زنجیره تأمین سه پله ای: تجزیه و تحلیل بازی مشارکتی-2021
We investigate a three-echelon supply chain in which a distributor at the middle echelon negotiates two wholesale price contracts with his upstream manufacturer and downstream retailer. In the first stage, the distributor decides on whether to first negotiate with the manufacturer or with the retailer; in the second (combined, noncooperative-cooperative, game) stage, the two negotiations are conducted sequentially. We find that the supply chain can be coordinated if the distributor first negotiates with the retailer. The distributor should choose the negotiation sequence for supply chain coordination, if he has a sufficiently large (small) relative bargaining power in the negotiation with the manufacturer (the retailer). We also extend our analysis to the cases in which the distributor and the manufacturer negotiate a buyback or two-part tariff contract, and draw similar outcomes when the distributor first negotiates with the retailer. In addition, under the two-part tariff contract, the distributor prefers to first negotiate with the retailer if the manufacturer has a sufficiently high disagreement payoff whereas, under the buyback contract, the distributor always prefers to first negotiate with the firm with a stronger bargaining power. Moreover, the two-part tariff (buyback) contract cannot (can) always coordinate the supply chain.
Keywords: Supply chain management | Negotiation sequence | Pricing | Coopetitive game | Generalized Nash bargaining solution
مقاله انگلیسی
23 Coordinating a closed loop supply chain with fairness concern by a constant wholesale price contract
هماهنگی یک زنجیره تامین حلقه بسته با رعایت انصاف توسط یک قرارداد ثابت قیمت عمده فروشی-2021
The literature on closed loop supply chains (CLSCs) has ignored advantageous inequality aversion while modelling the fairness concern of channel partners and demonstrated that coordinating a decentralised channel requires complex price contracts. In this paper, we show that a constant wholesale price contract can coordinate a decentralised channel in a manufacturer-led CLSC if the retailer’s advantageous inequality aversion is sufficiently strong. The result is valid for a range of equitable shares of the channel profit, such that the allocated share of the manufacturer is larger than that of the retailer, and the retailer’s share is greater than a minimum threshold. Used product collection rate and channel profit are higher when the retailer is inequality averse compared to when she is a profit maximiser. The results are independent of whether the end-of-use products are collected by the manufacturer or the retailer. We also show that the collection rate is higher, and both channel partners are better-off, under the manufacturer collection model. To obtain these results, we solve multistage sequential move games under the two collection models. We apply Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions for constrained optimisation, to determine the boundaries for the existence of the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium.
Keywords: Pricing | Channel coordination | Fairness | Inequality aversion | Wholesale price contract
مقاله انگلیسی
24 Buyer selection and service pricing in an electric fleet supply chain
انتخاب خریدار و قیمت گذاری خدمات در زنجیره تأمین ناوگان الکتریکی-2021
Much attention has been focused on supplier selection in operations. There has been less research on the supplier selecting buyers in a two-echelon supplier-buyer chain, which we study for downstream taxicab vehicle fleets. We consider the problem of pricing infrastructure services by an electric vehicles (EVs) service provider (SP), which determines the group of taxicab companies (TCs) that will adopt EVs. We study SP’s pricing decisions in a decentralized supply chain under a general infrastructure cost function, multiple TCs, and symmetric information. We extend the modeling to the case with (i) endogenous demand and EV-taxicab end-consumer pricing and (ii) asymmetric information between SP and TC. We analyze the factors that influence SP’s profits and the set of participating TCs who adopt EVs. We find that when the fleet size of TCs increases, SP prefers to serve more low-mile TCs than the high-mile TCs and even removes some high-mile TCs in exchange for low-mile TCs, where low and high-miles correspond to average miles driven in a time period (shift). When the coefficient of variation of miles driven increases, SP prefers to serve more high-mile TCs than the low-mile TCs. In general, the set of TCs that adopt EVs cannot be simply characterized using inputs such as average miles driven by different TCs. This study provides a modeling framework and managerial implications for TC selection and pricing contracts by an EV infrastructure service provider.
Keywords: Supply chain management | Buyer selection | Electric Vehicles | Service pricing | Submodular infrastructure cost
مقاله انگلیسی
25 Information acquisition and voluntary disclosure with supply chain and capital market interaction
کسب اطلاعات و افشای داوطلبانه با تعامل زنجیره تأمین و بازار سرمایه-2021
We investigate a firm’s information acquisition and voluntary disclosure decisions regarding demand forecast information. We study the interaction among the firm, its supplier, and the external capital market investors who assess the firm’s interim equity price. We first analyze when it is beneficial for the firm to acquire demand forecast information, and if such information is acquired, when the firm should disclose it to the supplier and investors. Then, we investigate how the firm’s information acquisition and disclosure decisions influence the investors’ and the supplier’s pricing strategies. We show that the optimal information disclosure policy for the firm is highly dependent on the corporate myopia level (CML): when the CML is low, the firm discloses low demand information only; when the CML is medium, the firm always withholds demand information; and when the CML is high, the firm discloses high demand information only. Our findings provide a novel plausible explanation to firms’ non-disclosure behaviors commonly observed in practice and highlight the importance of considering the interaction between the supply chain and the capital market.
Keywords: Supply chain management | Information acquisition | Voluntary disclosure | Capital market interaction | Game theory
مقاله انگلیسی
26 بهبود سرمایه گذاری پویا در زمینه ارتقا و حفظ فناوری مدیریت فهرست موجودی از طریق الگوریتم اصلاح شده گرده افشانی گل
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 16 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 33
نرخ سرمایه گذاری پویا در تبلیغاتبر حسب دامنه قیمت مختلف و سرمایه گذاری بهینه در فناوری نگهداری برای محصولات مد روز به ازای طول عمر آنها تعیین می گردد. مدل فهرست موجودی میزان سفارش برای اقلام از بین رفتنی با قیمت تبلیغاتی و میزان نقاضا نوع ذوزنقه ای برای بشینه سازی سود خرده فروش به کار می رود. میزان از بین رفتگی به فناوری نگهداری بستگی دارد به عبارتی هر چه سرمایه گذاری در نگه داری بیشتر باشد، میزان از بین رفتگی کمتر خواهد بود. هدف این مقاله دستیابی به سرمایه گذاری پویا بهینه برای تبلیغات است. نظریه کنترل بهینه برای دستیابی به میزان سرمایه گذاری پویا همراه با الگوریتم گرده افشانی گل برای یافتن طرح قیمت گذاری، زمان بندی پرکردن مجدد انبار به کار می رود. تحلیل حساسیت با توجه به پارامترهای اصلی انجام شده است تا تازگی الگوریتم ثابت گردد و نگرش های مدیریتی مدل مطرح شده بررسی گرد.مطالعات عددی نشان می دهند سرمایه گذاری پویا برای مدیریت انبار مزیت بخش است.
واژگان کلیدی: سرمایه گذاری پویا | الگوریتم گرده افشانی گل | فناوری نگه داری | تبلیغات | تقاضا نوع ذوزنقه ای | بازاریابی
مقاله ترجمه شده
27 Collaborative innovation in supply chain systems: Value creation and leadership structure
Collaborative innovation in supply chain systems: Value creation and leadership structure-2021
In the information age, collaborative innovation in process and product is critically important. In this paper, we study the value of a supply chain innovation in which one upstream supplier and one downstream manufacturer may co-develop a product that includes several innovative elements. The supplier is responsible for process innovation to optimize the production system and reduce unit production costs, and the manufacturer is responsible for product innovation. We study innovation leadership and consider the supplier-led (SL) and manufacturer-led (ML) innovation games. We find that in both SL and ML innovation games, if the manufacturer has sufficient resources and capability to invest in product innovation, the manufacturer is always willing to invest in product innovation, but not the supplier. We identify the value of co-innovation and innovation leadership. We find that the product with higher innovation level will be provided under the ML innovation game. When selling the technological and innovative products (as they usually have a larger profit margin ratio), the manufacturer should invest more in product innovation. When product innovation efficiency is large (small),the manufacturer’s profit is convex (concave) in the profit margin ratio. We identify the optimal value creation of joint pricing and innovation in a supply chain and the impacts of “process-product innovation dependence”. Our results (i) highlight the value of manufacturer-led innovation and the importance of considering the product’sprofit margin ratio in co-innovation, (ii) indicate that the manufacturer should be the leader to invest in product innovation, and (iii) the co-innovated products should be sold at a high profit margin.
Keywords: Collaborative innovation | Platform service | Supply chain innovation | B2B | Supply chain systems
مقاله انگلیسی
28 The impacts of inventory in transfer pricing and net income: Differences between traditional accounting and throughput accounting
اثرات موجودی در قیمت گذاری انتقال و درآمد خالص: تفاوت بین حسابداری سنتی و حسابداری عملیاتی-2021
This research proposes the Theory of Constraints (TOC) throughput accounting (TA) as an alternative management control mechanism in an international transfer pricing setting. We compare TA with the traditional accounting method and demonstrate that the traditional method underestimate factors as demand variation and inventories, which affects decisions, such as moving production to an offshore plant. A detailed system dynamics model is built to simulate the production process in an offshore supply chain to compare the methods. The study aims to fill a gap in the management accounting studies and contribute to the understanding of international transfer pricing and their management controls, exploring more than just the tax savings, which are usually considered isolated from operational factors for supply chain (SC) offshoring decisions. Furthermore, we conduct a brief literature review, present the model and discuss the results. It has been observed that inventory levels are an important part of accounting, offshored supply chains, and transfer pricing. Traditional cost and accounting methods favour higher inventory levels, and they can overestimate net income results up to 70% e especially in higher demand variation scenarios e when compared to the throughput accounting.
keywords: انتقال قیمت گذاری | تئوری محدودیت ها | زنجیره تامین بین المللی | خفه کن | Transfer pricing | Theory of constraints | International supply chain | Offshoring
مقاله انگلیسی
29 The underexplored impacts of online consumer reviews: Pricing and new product design strategies in the O2O supply chain
تأثیرات کم سابقه مرور آنلاین مصرف کننده: قیمت گذاری و استراتژی های جدید طراحی محصول در زنجیره تامین O2O-2021
In recent years, online consumer reviews have become popular in platform sellers to increase product sales, and the literature has widely recognized those reviews’ positive impacts. Nevertheless, this paper identifies online consumer reviews’ negative impacts on the intra-brand competition (multi-product), and aims to study such effect on wholesale prices and product design strategies of players in the FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) O2O (online to offline) supply chain. We model the decentralized O2O supply chain facing intra-brand competition that consists of a platform seller (follower) and a manufacturer (leader) when the new product entries. We find that the intra-brand competition driven by the reviews’ increased-sales effect on the incumbent product causes the conflict. The platform seller prefers to limit such an effect if the new product’s consumer valuation is not sufficiently high, but the manufacturer benefits from it. Manufacturers can reduce the product line’s wholesale prices or lower down the new product quality to pre-empt the platform seller from limiting RE-I to coordinate the channel. This study contributes to O2O supply chain management literature by examining the possible negative impacts of online consumer reviews. Also, this study presents a new perspective to combine consumer reviews, pricing and product design strategies to coordinate the O2O channel.
Keywords: Cannibalization | Consumer reviews | Product design | FMCG O2O supply Chain management | Vertical relationship
مقاله انگلیسی
30 Towards a circular economy for sustainable development: An application of full cost accounting to municipal waste recyclables
به سمت یک اقتصاد دایره ای برای توسعه پایدار: استفاده از هزینه های کامل حسابداری به بازیافت های زباله های شهری-2021
From a circular economy perspective, the municipal waste (MW) sector remains a valuable input source for waste recyclable re-industrialization among food, pollution, and energy. In this study, different accounting approaches and scenarios for sustainable MW management are explored to find the most cost efficient and profitable approach. The Full Cost Accounting (FCA) method is adopted as the basis of analysis in this study where an integrated sustainable framework for the Pay-As-You-Throw (PAYT) pricing model is developed and designed that can optimize MW management in attaining ‘zero waste disposal’ at the lowest cost as well as generating economic, environmental and social benefits. Using waste management data from 27 councils in Egypt and two different PAYT methods (i.e. weight-based and volume-based) under three case scenarios, this study documents that the prepaid bag system under the volume-based PAYT method leads to the lowest waste costs and creates more incentives for households in terms of economic, social and environmental benefits. These findings have various implications for the policy makers, government councils, waste managers, businesses and communities in the adoption of volume based PAYT schemes for cost-effective, profitable and socially acceptable reusing and recycling of waste. Such valuable addition to MW management can contribute to the environmental and socially sustainable development in emerging markets and in moving towards a circular economy model.
keywords: اقتصاد دایره ای | پایداری | توسعه پایدار | مواد قابل بازیافت شهرداری | Pay-as-you-throw (payt) هزینه کامل | رویکرد حسابداری | بازار در حال ظهور | Circular economy | Sustainability | Sustainable development | Municipal waste recyclables | Pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) full cost | accounting approach | Emerging market
مقاله انگلیسی
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