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نتیجه جستجو - Psychosocial

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 28
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 مدیریت بر اساس ارزش ها: مطالعه کیفی چگونگی مشاهده و اجرای مسئولیت های کارفرمای خود در رابطه با مدیریت ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی توسط صاحبان مشاغل کوچک در بخش نظافت
سال انتشار: 2022 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 7 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 25
برای این مطالعه با نه صاحب کسب و کار کوچک سوئدی در بخش نظافت در رابطه با نظرات و تجربیات شخصی آنها در مورد مسئولیت های کارفرما در رابطه با مدیریت ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی مصاحبه شد. تجزیه و تحلیل توسط یک تحلیل محتوای کیفی هدایت می شود که استراتژی های اعمال شده برای رهبری مسئول را بررسی می کند. ما متوجه شدیم که یک الگوی رفتاری خاص وجود دارد که بیش از بقیه برجسته است. صاحبان مشاغل کوچک مرتباً شکلی از رهبری مسئولانه را اجرا می کنند که ما آن را مدیریت ارزش ها می نامیم. مدیریت بر اساس ارزش ها با استفاده از سه راهبرد ایجاد روابط کارکنان، مدیریت منطقی و انتقال مسئولیت به کار گرفته شد. این سبک مدیریت می تواند برای شرایط کاری کارکنان هم نقطه قوت و هم نقطه ضعف باشد. نقاط قوت این است که مالکان حمایت می کنند، راهنمایی می کنند، و برقراری ارتباط در رهبری خود با کارکنان خود در حالی که نقاط ضعف می تواند این باشد که آنها، مالکان، مدیریت ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی خود را به جای دانش، بر ارزش ها قرار می دهند. در نتیجه، برای اقدامات مربوط به محیط کار، مسئولیت‌هایی از صاحبان مشاغل کوچک به کارکنانشان منتقل می‌شود. نتیجه‌گیری این مطالعه این است که با اعمال مدیریت بر اساس ارزش‌ها، به نظر می‌رسد صاحبان کسب‌وکارهای کوچک شرایط کاری روانی-اجتماعی خوبی را در شرکت‌های خود ارتقا می‌دهند و در عین حال کمبود دانش در مورد مدیریت ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی نشان می‌دهند. این ممکن است به معنای این خطر باشد که رویکردهای سیستماتیک برای شرایط فیزیکی محیط کار در رابطه با مسائل ایمنی اعمال نشود. مدیریت ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی خود را به جای دانش بر اساس ارزش ها قرار می دهند. در نتیجه، برای اقدامات مربوط به محیط کار، مسئولیت‌هایی از صاحبان مشاغل کوچک به کارکنانشان منتقل می‌شود. نتیجه‌گیری این مطالعه این است که با اعمال مدیریت بر اساس ارزش‌ها، به نظر می‌رسد که صاحبان مشاغل کوچک شرایط کاری روانی-اجتماعی خوبی را در شرکت‌های خود ارتقا می‌دهند و در عین حال کمبود دانش در مورد مدیریت ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی نشان می‌دهند. این ممکن است به معنای این خطر باشد که رویکردهای سیستماتیک برای شرایط فیزیکی محیط کار در رابطه با مسائل ایمنی اعمال نشود. مدیریت ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی خود را به جای دانش بر اساس ارزش ها قرار می دهند. در نتیجه، برای اقدامات مربوط به محیط کار، مسئولیت‌هایی از صاحبان مشاغل کوچک به کارکنانشان منتقل می‌شود. نتیجه‌گیری این مطالعه این است که با اعمال مدیریت بر اساس ارزش‌ها، به نظر می‌رسد صاحبان کسب‌وکارهای کوچک شرایط کاری روانی-اجتماعی خوبی را در شرکت‌های خود ارتقا می‌دهند و در عین حال کمبود دانش در مورد مدیریت ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی نشان می‌دهند. این ممکن است به معنای این خطر باشد که رویکردهای سیستماتیک برای شرایط فیزیکی محیط کار در رابطه با مسائل ایمنی اعمال نشود. نتیجه‌گیری این مطالعه این است که با اعمال مدیریت بر اساس ارزش‌ها، به نظر می‌رسد که صاحبان مشاغل کوچک شرایط کاری روانی-اجتماعی خوبی را در شرکت‌های خود ارتقا می‌دهند و در عین حال کمبود دانش در مورد مدیریت ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی نشان می‌دهند. این ممکن است به معنای این خطر باشد که رویکردهای سیستماتیک برای شرایط فیزیکی محیط کار در رابطه با مسائل ایمنی اعمال نشود. نتیجه‌گیری این مطالعه این است که با اعمال مدیریت بر اساس ارزش‌ها، به نظر می‌رسد که صاحبان مشاغل کوچک شرایط کاری روانی-اجتماعی خوبی را در شرکت‌های خود ارتقا می‌دهند و در عین حال کمبود دانش در مورد مدیریت ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی نشان می‌دهند. این ممکن است به معنای این خطر باشد که رویکردهای سیستماتیک برای شرایط فیزیکی محیط کار در رابطه با مسائل ایمنی اعمال نشود.
کلید واژه ها: صاحبان مشاغل کوچک | صنعت نظافت | بهداشت و ایمنی شغلی | رهبری مسئول
مقاله ترجمه شده
2 Exploring health literacy and self-management after kidney transplantation: A prospective cohort study
بررسی سواد بهداشتی و خود مدیریت پس از پیوند کلیه: یک مطالعه کوهورت آینده نگر-2021
Objective: Investigate the influence of health literacy and self-management on complications, kidney function and graft failure after kidney transplantation. Methods: We included patients who received a kidney transplant between May 2012 and May 2013 and monitored outcomes until December 2018. Health literacy was measured using the Newest Vital Sign and self-management using the Partner in Health scale (before discharge, and after 6 and 12 months). Subscales are aftercare & knowledge, coping, recognition and management of symptoms, healthy lifestyle. Complications were categorized as rejection, viral infections, and bacterial infections. Kidney function was measured using eGFR and graft survival using days until failure. Results: We included 154 patients. Higher health literacy at baseline and at 12 months was related to more viral infections (p = 0.02; p < 0.01). Lower ‘coping’ at baseline was related to more bacterial infections (p = 0.02). Higher ‘after-care and knowledge’ at 6 months (p < 0.01), and ‘recognition and management of symptoms’ at 6 months were associated with lower graft failure (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Health literacy did not influence kidney transplant related outcomes. Higher knowledge and management of symptoms were related to lower graft failure. Practice implications: Self-management support is a key focus for health care providers in the multi- disciplinary team. © 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.
keywords: سواد بهداشتی | عوامل روان شناختی | پیوند کلیه، عوارض | خود مراقبتی | بقای پیوند | مرحله پایانی بیماری کلیوی | Health literacy | Psychosocial factors | Renal transplantation, complications | Self-care | Graft survival | End-stage renal disease
مقاله انگلیسی
3 A narrative review of international legislation regulating fitness to stand trial and criminal responsibility: Is there a perfect system?
مروری بر قوانین بین‌المللی که تناسب محاکمه و مسئولیت کیفری را تنظیم می‌کند: آیا سیستم کاملی وجود دارد؟-2020
Mentally ill offenders have a right to a fair trial and adequate treatment in terms of the law. The diversion of mentally ill offenders between the criminal justice and the mental health care systems is linked to the forensic psychiatric assessment and based on two psycho-legal constructs, fitness to stand trial (FTST) and criminal re- sponsibility (CR). Forensic psychiatric assessment is therefore an important element in criminal law and plays a major role in the court’s decisions regarding the sentence, detention, placement, or treatment of mentally ill offenders. The legislation aims to ensure balancing the rights of mentally ill offenders to psychiatric care and society’s safety. A narrative overview of the literature summarizing the findings on legislation regulating FTST and CR assessment and their practice in different areas of the world was conducted. It offers insight into the advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches and examines the way court proceedings function in these different geographical and psychosocial-legal contexts. This may have policy implications for individual systems and allow countries to consider feasible mechanisms to refine the relevant legislation to improve their practices in forensic psychiatric assessments. Worldwide, relevant legislation is considered as essential in pro- tecting mentally ill offender’s right; it has been established for many years regarding specifying the procedures and responsibilities for the mental health care and criminal justice systems. Despite similarities in the principles of the psycho-legal constructs in different countries, there are differences in the way legislations are imple- mented, often depending on the available resources.
Keywords: Legislation for mentally ill offenders | Fitness to stand trial | Criminal responsibility | Insanity defence | Competency to stand trial
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Improving breast cancer care coordination and symptom management by using AI driven predictive toolkits
بهبود هماهنگی مراقبت از سرطان پستان و مدیریت علائم با استفاده از ابزارهای پیش بینی کننده هوش مصنوعی-2020
Integrated breast cancer care is complex, marked by multiple hand-offs between primary care and specialists over an extensive period of time. Communication is essential for treatment compliance, lowering error and complication risk, as well as handling co-morbidity. The director role of care, however, becomes often unclear, and patients remain lost across departments. Digital tools can add significant value to care communication but need clarity about the directives to perform in the care team. In effective breast cancer care, multidisciplinary team meetings can drive care planning, create directives and structured data collection. Subsequently, nurse navigators can take the director’s role and become a pivotal determinant for patient care continuity. In the complexity of care, automated AI driven planning can facilitate their tasks, however, human intervention stays needed for psychosocial support and tackling unexpected urgency. Care allocation of patients across centres, is often still done by hand and phone demanding time due to overbooked agenda’s and discontinuous system solutions limited by privacy rules and moreover, competition among providers. Collection of complete outcome information is limited to specific collaborative networks today. With data continuity over time, AI tools can facilitate both care allocation and risk prediction which may unveil non-compliance due to local scarce resources, distance and costs. Applied research is needed to bring AI modelling into clinical practice Keywords: Care coordination | Symptom management | Predictive tools | Care allocation | Nurse navigator | Multidisciplinary discussion
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Recidivism and predictors of recidivism among female high level persistent offenders after a special court order for persistent offenders in the Netherlands
تکرار جنایات و پیش بینی تکرار جرم در بین مجرمان ثابت زن در سطح بالا پس از حکم دادگاه ویژه برای مجرمان مداوم در هلند-2020
Previous research has shown that female persistent offenders have multiple psychiatric and psychosocial problems, such as substance use disorders, other mental disorders, financial problems and housing problems. The present study examined recidivism and predictors of recidivism in a sample of 74 Dutch female high level persistent offenders who had been subjected to a special court order for persistent offenders, called ISD [Inrichting Stelselmatige Daders]. The criminal records were studied to gain insight in the criminal charges against women after release from the ISD. Results showed that 43% of the persistent female offenders had registered justice contacts within one year after release, of which the majority concerned non-violent property offences. However, the number of offences was found to be significantly reduced after their release. No offencerelated, demographic, substance-related, psychiatric or personal history characteristics were found to be predictive for general recidivism.
Keywords: Females | Persistent offenders | Recidivism | Predictors
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Underexamined points of vulnerability for black mothers in the child welfare system: The role of number of births, age of first use of substances and criminal justice involvement
نقاط کم نظیر و آسیب پذیر در برابر مادران سیاه پوست در سیستم رفاه کودک: نقش تعداد زایمان ها ، سن اولین استفاده از مواد و درگیری عدالت کیفری-2020
Black mothers and their children continue to interface with the child welfare (CW) system at unacceptably high rates. With research into traditionally understood contributing factors such as poverty, substance use, mental health and intimate partner violence abounding, this study sought to identify underexamined factors that potentially sustain very high rates of CW involvement for Black mothers. A sample of 415 Black mothers who accessed financial assistance through the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program was analyzed for the factors associated with active CW involvement. Analytic procedures included, first, independent t-test and chisquare tests to determine significant group differences. Second, logistic regression was used to test a range of psychosocial risk factors for active CW involvement. Results from our final model indicated three factors beyond those typically associated with CW involvement, number of births, age at first use of cocaine and legal involvement. The standout impact of having a history of CW involvement is also discussed. Implications for policy and practice are explored.
Keywords: Child welfare | Race | Poverty | Substance use | Criminal justice | Intergenerational child welfare involvement
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Taking up residence: A review of outcome studies examining residential treatment for youth with serious emotional and behavioural disorders
رفتن به محل اقامت : مروری بر نتایج مطالعاتی در مورد معالجه مسکونی جوانان با اختلالات عاطفی و رفتاری جدی -2020
This review focuses on studies that examine factors influencing the long-term outcome of youth after discharge from residential treatment centres. We have identified 33 new publications since the last review was published necessitating the current review. These outcome studies published between 2008 and 2018 described outcomes at a minimum of thirty days after discharge. Pre-admission factors and intervention characteristics that influence behavioural outcomes, placement outcomes, family outcomes, treatment adherence as well as criminality were identified. Lack of randomised controlled studies makes it difficult to draw strong conclusions about efficacy of the residential treatment. We identified other gaps in the extant research design and outcome measures. Much of the research to-date has been informed by psychosocial models, without considering the fast growing stream of neurobiological data from genetic and imaging studies. A broader model encompassing psychosocial and neurobiological measures may improve our understanding of factors that influence outcomes after discharge. Over time this promises deeper insights and more tailored interventions resulting in improved quality of care and better outcomes.
Keywords: Outcomes | Long-term | Residential treatment | Youth | Mental health | Post-discharge
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Improving compliance with diabetes care using a novel mnemonic: Aquality improvement project in an urban primary care clinic
رویکرد بهبود انطباق با مراقبت از دیابت با استفاده از یک حفظی: پروژه بهبود کیفیت در یک کلینیک مراقبت های اولیه شهری-2020
Aim: The aim of this quality improvement project was to improve compliance with the delivery of multi-dimensional patient-centered diabetes care using a streamlined mnemonic based on established diabetesguidelines.Methods: Using the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) model for improvement, four rapid plan-do-study-act cycles primarily implemented different tests of change over eight weeks using a streamlinedmnemonic – the LLaVES (lifestyle, laboratory tests, vaccination, examination, social/psychosocial) bundlefor screening and case management of patients with diabetes. Secondary to the LLaVES bundle, tests ofchange were also conducted for clinic team members and patients. Team member engagement utilizeda best-practice toolkit for effective communication. Patient engagement implemented validated modelsto evaluate knowledge of diabetes and stage of change. Data were analyzed using run charts to evaluatethe impact of interventions on outcomes. Overall compliance was measured as the diabetes manage-ment compliance rate (DMCR), composed of LLaVES implementation, team engagement, and patientengagement scores.Results: The diabetes management compliance rate increased by 72.2%, from a baseline of 49% to 84.4% ineight weeks. Team engagement increased from 76.6% to 92% while patient engagement increased from70.4% to 87.4%.Conclusions: Diabetes management is complex and requires team and patient engagement to implementa structured and multidimensional process. Composed of established, high-level evidence interventions,the LLaVES bundle is one approach to systematize complex care while taking into account the specificand unique challenges of a health care organization.
Keywords:Quality improvement | LLaVES | Complex diabetes care
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Neuroscience and mental state issues in forensic assessment
علوم اعصاب و مسائل روانی در ارزیابی پزشکی قانونی-2019
Neuroscience has already changed how the law understands an individuals cognitive processes, how those processes shape behavior, and how bio-psychosocial history and neurodevelopmental approaches provide information, which is critical to understanding mental states underlying behavior, including criminal behavior. In this paper, we briefly review the state of forensic assessment of mental conditions in the relative culpability of criminal defendants, focused primarily on the weaknesses of current approaches. We then turn to focus on neuroscience approaches and how they have the potential to improve assessment, but with significant risks and limitations.
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Managing preventive occupational health and safety activities in Danish enterprises during a period of financial crisis
مدیریت فعالیت های پیشگیرانه بهداشتی و ایمنی شغلی در شرکت های دانمارکی در طول دوره بحران مالی-2018
The onset of the financial crisis in 2008 has put pressure on enterprises that in turn have downsized and reorganized. Research has shown that economic recession has an effect on psychological and behavioral health that is attributed to working environment problems. The objective of this study is to unravel whether the onset of a general economic recession has had an impact on companies’ and public institu tions’ preventive occupational health and safety activities. Hypotheses of the role of pro-cyclical and countercyclical effects are presented. This study is based on a survey of enterprise preventive occupa tional health safety activities. The baseline for the survey was established, in 2006 before the onset of the recession, with a follow up in 2011. Findings are discussed that support both the pro-cyclical and the countercyclical hypotheses. It is concluded that there is a need for a special focus on the management of preventive workplace health and safety activities in enterprises during a period of economic recession.
Keywords: Psychosocial working environment ، Work accidents ، Occupational health and safety ، Preventive actions ، Survey ، Pro-cyclical ، Countercyclical ، Economic recession ، Financial crisis effects
مقاله انگلیسی
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