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Chapter 12 - Management
فصل 12 - مدیریت-2021 Following the technological advances made in recent decades the global economy is
facing a number of changes, many of them bringing opportunities, but many also
bringing challenges that need to be understood and addressed. Management, one
of the key factors of the business environment of enterprises and institutions, relates,
among other things, to human relationships and technical solutions. Changes that follow technological advances are nothing new; they have been a feature of the ascent of
humans from the earliest times. It is an important matter for stakeholders, including
politicians, public institutions, and the various sectors of the economy, to understand
them and adopt appropriate policies and strategies. Questions need to be asked, such
as how well the education system is prepared to address these changes, whether the
labour market is ready for a revolution in automation and technology, and how a society can either maintain or attain a competitive advantage, especially when the
advances are as rapid as they are. In this context it is useful to study the prevailing
corporate forms of enterprises in the various sectors and their ownership, for instance
whether a sector is characterised by listed companies or family firms, or other corporate forms, as corporate form will influence corporate governance, and corporate
governance will determine the interaction of an enterprise with society and, importantly, it will influence the position of women in a sector.
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مقاله انگلیسی |
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An analysis on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology theory (UTAUT): Acceptance of electronic document management system (EDMS)
تجزیه و تحلیل نظریه واحد پذیرش و استفاده از تئوری فناوری (UTAUT): پذیرش سیستم مدیریت اسناد الکترونیکی (EDMS)-2020 Public Institutions need information systems that facilitate management of generated documents during business processes on a digital platform. Development of information and communication technologies facilitated the transfer of documents to digital platforms which caused the emergence of Electronic Document Management System (EDMS). Institutions are utilizing EDMS in order to keep records securely and improve business processes. EDMS have many benefits such as improvement of efficiency and productivity, reduction of errors, increase in quality of service and reduction of costs. On the other hand, while EDMS offers many benefits to its users, it also has made it imperative to adopt the new technological system. For this reason, it becomes essential to understand the factors that affect the intention of use of EDMS. This study researches the factors that affect the adoption and use of EDMS in Bartın University by using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). In this research, data was analyzed by using R software program and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Based on the findings, 61% of the intention of use of EDMS has been explained by performance expectancy and social influence factors with in the proposed model. Empirical findings suggest that the factors of performance expectancy and social influence has a positive effect on the intention of use but of effort expectancy factor does not have a positive effect. Keywords: EDMS | UTAUT | Technology acceptance | Structural equation modelling |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Machine learning based system for managing energy efficiency of public sector as an approach towards smart cities
سیستم مبتنی بر یادگیری ماشین برای مدیریت بهره وری انرژی بخش دولتی به عنوان رویکردی به شهرهای هوشمند-2020 Energy efficiency of public sector is an important issue in the context of smart cities due to the fact that buildings
are the largest energy consumers, especially public buildings such as educational, health, government and other
public institutions that have a large usage frequency. However, recent developments of machine learning within
Big Data environment have not been exploited enough in this domain. This paper aims to answer the question of
how to incorporate Big Data platform and machine learning into an intelligent system for managing energy
efficiency of public sector as a substantial part of the smart city concept. Deep neural networks, Rpart regression
tree and Random forest with variable reduction procedures were used to create prediction models of specific
energy consumption of Croatian public sector buildings. The most accurate model was produced by Random
forest method, and a comparison of important predictors extracted by all three methods has been conducted. The
models could be implemented in the suggested intelligent system named MERIDA which integrates Big Data
collection and predictive models of energy consumption for each energy source in public buildings, and enables
their synergy into a managing platform for improving energy efficiency of the public sector within Big Data
environment. The paper also discusses technological requirements for developing such a platform that could be
used by public administration to plan reconstruction measures of public buildings, to reduce energy consumption
and cost, as well as to connect such smart public buildings as part of smart cities. Such digital transformation
of energy management can increase energy efficiency of public administration, its higher quality of service and
healthier environment. Keywords: Planning models | Energy efficiency | Machine learning | Public sector | Smart cities |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Entrepreneurship, innovation and competitiveness: A public institution love triangle
کارآفرینی ، نوآوری و رقابت: یک مثلث عاشقانه نهاد عمومی -2020 Diverse and different research studies have approached the impact of the quality of public institutions on
entrepreneurship, innovation and competitiveness. However, this relationship has not hitherto been subject to
simultaneous study but rather only separately. In turn, our research thus holds the objective of simultaneously
evaluating the impact of the quality of public institutions on entrepreneurship, innovation and competitiveness
based on data aggregated at the OECD member state level. We therefore seek to demonstrate how the higher the
perceptions of public institution quality held by individuals, the higher the indices of entrepreneurship, innovation
and competitiveness. To this end, we deploy data collected from various sources, specifically the United
Nations (UN), the World Bank (WB), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD),
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), World Economic
Forum (WEF), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and Freedom House (FH), for the
years between 2006 and 2018 (13 years). For the analysis of this data, we apply an econometric methodology
based on multiple regression models for unbalanced panel data. We may thus report that the higher the
perception of quality of public institutions, the greater the level of the variables applied for entrepreneurship,
innovation and competitiveness. We believe our empirical results contain important implications whether for
researchers, politicians and decision-makers involved in drafting public policies. Keywords: Competitiveness | Econometric analysis | Entrepreneurship | GEM | Innovation | ECD | Public institutions |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Taking digital soil mapping to the field: Lessons learned from the water smart agriculture soil mapping project in Central America
نقشه برداری دیجیتال خاک به سمت زمین : درسهای آموخته از پروژه نقشه برداری خاک کشاورزی هوشمند در آمریکای مرکزی-2020 The goal of the Water Smart Agriculture (WSA) program is to improve food security in Central America
through changes in policies, programs, and practices in water use efficiency. The Digital Soil Mapping
(DSM) project is a component of WSA that aims to create human capital with knowledge and skills in
sustainable soil and water management through the production of informative soil maps, under the
guiding principle of “managing soils to manage water”. DSM provides a platform for producing detailed
maps of soil types, properties and functions. However, the transition of DSM from research to
operational levels brings a new set of challenges related to input, data processing and outputs. The
major challenges identified during the pilot stage of the DSM project were: (i) soil data availability,
quality and compatibility; (ii) lack of DSM skills; and (iii) lack of product delivery platforms. Training
based on pilot projects was conducted to build local DSM capacity and infrastructure and incorporate
tacit knowledge. Expanding from pilot stage to national level required the establishment of DSM teams
that are multi-institutional and interdisciplinary. In order to achieve buy-in from the local and national
governments, the DSM teams were comprised of members from public institutions and professional organizations and they adopted a participatory DSM approach and produced functional soil maps capable of supporting decisions at multiple levels. Key words: functional soil maps | training | capacity building | research for development | Andisols | Inceptisols | Entisols |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Big Data in Smart Farming - A review
36/5000 داده های بزرگ در کشاورزی هوشمند - مرور-2017 Smart Farming is a development that emphasizes the use of information and communication technology in the
cyber-physical farm management cycle. New technologies such as the Internet of Things and Cloud Computing
are expected to leverage this development and introduce more robots and artificial intelligence in farming.
This is encompassed by the phenomenon of Big Data, massive volumes of data with a wide variety that can be
captured, analysed and used for decision-making. This review aims to gain insight into the state-of-the-art of
Big Data applications in Smart Farming and identify the related socio-economic challenges to be addressed. Fol
lowing a structured approach, a conceptual framework for analysis was developed that can also be used for future
studies on this topic. The review shows that the scope of Big Data applications in Smart Farming goes beyond
primary production; it is influencing the entire food supply chain. Big data are being used to provide predictive
insights in farming operations, drive real-time operational decisions, and redesign business processes for
game-changing business models. Several authors therefore suggest that Big Data will cause major shifts in
roles and power relations among different players in current food supply chain networks. The landscape of stake
holders exhibits an interesting game between powerful tech companies, venture capitalists and often small start
ups and new entrants. At the same time there are several public institutions that publish open data, under the
condition that the privacy of persons must be guaranteed. The future of Smart Farming may unravel in a contin
uum of two extreme scenarios: 1) closed, proprietary systems in which the farmer is part of a highly integrated
food supply chain or 2) open, collaborative systems in which the farmer and every other stakeholder in the chain
network is flexible in choosing business partners as well for the technology as for the food production side. The
further development of data and application infrastructures (platforms and standards) and their institutional
embedment will play a crucial role in the battle between these scenarios. From a socio-economic perspective,
the authors propose to give research priority to organizational issues concerning governance issues and suitable
business models for data sharing in different supply chain scenarios.
Keywords:Agriculture|Data|Information and communication technology|Data infrastructure|Governance|Business modelling |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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How Rome enabled impersonal markets
چگونه رم بازارهای غیر شخصی را فعال کرده است-2016 Impersonal exchange increases trade and specialization opportunities, encouraging economic growth. However, it requires the support
of sophisticated public institutions. This paper explains how Classical Rome provided such support in the main areas of economic activity
by relying on public possession as a titling device, enacting rules to protect innocent acquirers in agency contexts, enabling the extended
family to act as a contractual entity, and diluting the enforcement of personal obligations which might collide with impersonal exchange.
Focusing on the institutions of impersonal exchange, it reaches a clear positive conclusion on the market-facilitating role of the Roman
state because such institutions have unambiguously positive effects on markets. Moreover, being impersonal, these beneficial effects are
also widely distributed across society instead of accruing disproportionately to better-connected individuals.
Keywords: Property rights | Enforcement | Transaction costs | Roman law | Impersonal exchange | Personal exchange | New institutional economics | Law and economics |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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گروه های غیر رسمی و گروه تحمل (تساهل) : چگونه بعد رسمی میتواند بر ظرفیت تحمل گروه تاثیر بگذارد ؟
سال انتشار: 2013 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 19 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 23 عوامل تحمل را می توان به سه دسته تقسیم کرد : نهادهای عمومی ,گروه ها و افراد. اگر شدیدا پذیرفته باشد که هر دو موسسات دولتی و افراد قادر به تحمل هستند , در ان صورت مشخص نمیشود که ایا چنین ظرفیت هایی را می توان به گروه نسبت داد یا نه ؟ اگر چه در گفتمان روزانه میگوییم که یک گروه اجتماعی خاص به نظر می رسد دارای توان تحمل باشد . هدف این مقاله بررسی رابطه بین آژانس های جمعی و گروه های اجتماعی میباشد . گروه های رسمی (به عنوان مثال شرکت) دارای قوانین داخلی و روش های تصمیم گیری جمعی به منظور به رسمیت شناختن تشکیل رفتار جمعی میباشند . با این حال ,مشخص نیست که چنین ظرفیت هایی به چه صورت توسط گروه رسمی تایید میشوند . این مقاله در مورد برخی معیارهای رقابتی برای تعریف گروه رسمی و معیار اعتقادات مشترک بین انها , بخث و تبادل نظر میکند . در نتیجه , این معیاربه مسائل مربوط به تحمل اعمال می شود , به طوری که سبب درک بیشترما از تحمل گروه با یک تجزیه و تحلیل فنی تر میگردد.
کلمات کلیدی: آژانس جمعی | رویکرد مشترک | گروه رسمی | گروه غیر رسمی | تحمل |
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