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1 |
Capability token selection algorithms to implement lightweight protocols
قابلیت الگوریتم های انتخاب نشانه برای پیاده سازی پروتکل های سبک وزن-2022 The IoT (Internet of Things) is now one of the most significant infrastructure and has to be
secure against malicious accesses. Especially, it is critical to make devices secure in the IoT.
In the CBAC (Capability-Based Access Control) model adopted to the IoT, device owners issue
subjects capability tokens, i.e. a set of access rights on objects in devices. Objects in devices
are data resource manipulated by subjects. Data are exchanged among subjects and objects
through manipulating objects. Here, if subjects attempt to manipulate objects in accordance with
the capability tokens issued, the subjects can get data which the subjects are not authorized
to get, i.e. illegal information flow and late information flow occur. In our previous studies,
protocols are implemented to prevent both illegal and late types of information flows from
occurring. Here, operations implying such information flows are interrupted. However, the
request processing time gets longer as the number of capability tokens used increases. In this
paper, an MRCTSD (Minimum Required Capability Token Selection for Devices) algorithm is
newly proposed to reduce the number of capability tokens used. In the evaluation, it is shown
that the request processing times and the numbers of capability tokens used in the lightweight
protocols realized with the MRCTSD algorithm are shorter and smaller than the conventional
protocols, respectively.
keywords: CBAC (Capability-Based Access Control) model | Capability token selection algorithm | CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) | Information flow control | IoT (Internet of Things) | Lightweight protocol |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
اقتصاد ، جامعه و حاکمیت در قطب شمال: مروری بر پروژه تحقیقاتی ArCS در زمینه علوم انسانی و علوم اجتماعی (2015-2020)
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 13 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 55 این مقاله به طور خلاصه دستاوردهای یکی از موضوعات موجود در پروژه Arctic Challenge برای پایداری (ArCS) است. این مضمون که عمدتاً از محققان علوم انسانی و اجتماعی تشکیل شده است ، برای اتصال دستاوردهای سایر مضامین به ذینفعان و سیاست گذاران طراحی شده است. با توجه به روش تحقیق ما ، این مقاله بحث را در سه زمینه تحقیقاتی پیش می برد. ابتدا ، توسعه اقتصادی در قطب شمال مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار می گیرد. در حالی که گرم شدن آب و هوا در قطب شمال افزایش یافته است ، امکان استفاده از مسیر دریای شمال و توسعه منابع زیرزمینی در حال گسترش است. پایداری این توسعه برای شناسایی چشم انداز آینده فعالیت اقتصادی بررسی خواهد شد. دوم ، تعامل بین انسان و محیط در نظر گرفته خواهد شد. بر اساس اطلاعات جمع آوری شده از طریق کار میدانی در سیبری شرقی ، داخلی آلاسکا ، و گرینلند ، نشان داده خواهد شد که چگونه عوامل انسانی و طبیعی در تغییر محیط به طور پیچیده ای بافته شده اند. سوم ، موضوعات مختلفی درباره حکومت قطب شمال مورد بحث و بررسی قرار خواهد گرفت. چندین نکته از جمله سیاست حقوقی قطب شمال ، روابط بین الملل و دخالت افراد بومی در اداره منابع از موضوعات اصلی بحث خواهد بود. پس از نشان دادن این دستاوردهای پروژه ، چالش های آینده مطالعه قطب شمال نشان داده خواهد شد.
کلید واژه ها: مسیر دریایی شمال | توسعه منابع | دانش بومی | دولت قطب شمال |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
3 |
Time management: Improving the timing of post-prostatectomy radiotherapy, clinical trials, and knowledge translation
مدیریت زمان: بهبود زمان رادیوتراپی پس از پروستاتکتومی، آزمایشات بالینی و ترجمه دانش-2021 Background: Management of prostate cancer after surgery is controversial. Past studies on adjuvant radiotherapy
(aRT) for higher-risk features have had conflicting results. Through the collaborative conversations of the global
radiation oncology Twitter-based journal club (#RadOnc #JC), we explored this complex topic to share recent
advances, better understand what the global radiation oncology community felt was important and inspire next
steps.
Methods: We selected the recent publication of a landmark international randomized controlled trial (RCT)
comparing immediate and salvage radiotherapy for prostate cancer, RADICALS-RT, for discussion over the
weekend of January 16 to 17, 2021. Coordination included open access to the article and an asynchronous
portion to decrease barriers to participation, cooperation of study authors (CP, MS) who participated to share
deeper insights including a live hour, and curation of related resources and tweet content through a blog post and
Wakelet journal club summary.
Discussion of Results: Our conversations created 2,370,104 impressions over 599 tweets with 51 participants
spanning 11 countries and 5 continents. A quarter of the participants were from the US (13/51) followed by 10%
from the UK (5/51). Clinical or Radiation Oncologists comprised 59% of active participants (16/27) with 62%
(18/29) reporting giving aRT within the last 5 years. Discussion was interdisciplinary with three urologists
(11%), three trainees (11%), and two physiotherapists (7%). Four months after the journal club its article Altmetric
score had increased by 7% (214 to 229). Thematic analysis of tweet content suggested participants wanted
clarification on definitions of adjuvant (aRT) and salvage radiotherapy (sRT) including indications, timing, and
decision-making tools including guidelines; more interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral collaboration including
with patients for study design including survivorship and meaningful outcomes; more effective knowledge
translation including faster clinical trials; and more data including mature results of current trials, particular
high-risk features (Gleason Group 4+, pT4b+, and margin-positive disease), implications of newer technologies
such as PSMA-PET and genomic classifiers, and better explanations for practice pattern variations including
underutilization of radiotherapy. This was further explored in the context of relevant literature.
Conclusion: Together, this global collaborative review on the postoperative management of prostate cancer
suggested a stronger signal for the uptake of early salvage radiation treatment with careful PSA monitoring, more
sensitive PSA triggers, and expected access to radiotherapy. Questions still remain on potential exceptions and barriers to use. These require better decision-making tools for all practice settings, consideration of newer
technologies, more pragmatic trials, and better use of social media for knowledge translation.
Keywords: Prostate radiotherapy | Adjuvant radiation | Salvage radiation | Journal club |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Chapter 34: Indigenous knowledge in research and management
فصل 34: دانش بومی در تحقیق و مدیریت-2021 Experience and insight have been a source of knowledge throughout human history.
Only in the past few centuries have scientific methods been developed and applied to
questions of practice and theory. Even today, experiential knowledge is far broader than
the relatively limited scope of rigorous scientific research. Such knowledge is known by
many names, including Indigenous Knowledge (IK, which will be used herein), traditional
knowledge, local knowledge, and other variants (Huntington and Fox, 2005). For Indigenous
whale hunters in the Arctic, the knowledge gained by experience is paramount for safety and
success (e.g., Nageak, 1991). Although visitors and newcomers to the Arctic have long relied
on Indigenous assistance (e.g., Amundsen, 1908), only in recent decades has the knowledge
of whalers and other practitioners elsewhere in the world attracted formal academic attention
(e.g., Johannes, 1981; Mymrin, 1999; Hay et al., 2000). Indeed, the collaborations between
In˜upiat and Yupik whalers and scientists in northern Alaska are among the best examples of
sharing knowledge and developing new knowledge beyond the capabilities of either group
alone. This chapter reviews the ways that scientists and managers have engaged with the
knowledge of Arctic whalers, what has been learned thereby, and how the resulting knowledge
has contributed to understanding and management of bowhead whales (Fig. 34.1).
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مقاله انگلیسی |
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How does traditional knowledge of Cassiae semen shed light on weight management? – A classical and modern literature review
دانش سنتی منی فلوس چگونه مدیریت وزن را روشن می کند؟ - بررسی ادبیات کلاسیک و مدرن-2021 Ethnopharmacological relevance: The seed of Senna obtusifolia (L.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby (Cassiae semen, CS) also
known as Jue ming zi in China, has been traditionally used for weight management by purging the liver and
improving the liver functions to support digestion. In the past decades, it has been used for hepatoprotection and
treatment of overweight and other metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidaemia and diabetes.
Aim of the review: This review aimed at providing comprehensive information on the traditional usages, phar-
macology, phytochemistry and toxicology of CS and critically exploring its potential usage for clinical weight
management from both traditional and modern application perspectives.
Materials and methods: In order to fully understand the properties, actions and indications of CS, two sets of
Chinese classical texts were searched, namely: Zhong Hua Yi Dian (Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medi-
cine) and Zhong Guo Ben Cao Quan Shu (Complete Collection of Traditional Texts on Chinese Materia Medica).
The purpose of studying these classical texts was to determine the traditional use of CS in weight management.
Comprehensive searches were also performed on seven databases for publications on original randomised clinical
trials (RCT), in vivo, in vitro or in silico studies related to pharmacological effects of CS. Detailed information
about the phytochemistry of CS was collected from books, encyclopedia, online databases and journal literature.
Findings: In classical literature review, 89 classic texts provided information of properties, actions and indications
of CS. In modern literature review, 44 studies were included for analysis, including 5 RCTs, 7 in vivo studies, 14 in
vitro studies, 2 in silico studies and 16 studies of mixed types. Chinese classic literature has provided traditional
evidence of the usage of CS for weight management. Contemporary studies have revealed that CS has weight loss
effects and possesses some other pharmacological activities supporting weight management. Some chemical
compounds of CS have been hypothesised to have a direct or indirect contribution to weight control.
Conclusions: The relationships between chemical compounds and the corresponding weight-loss target proteins
are not fully understood. Therefore, CS constituents should be further explored for the development of novel
therapeutic or preventive agents for the treatment of overweight and obesity. keywords: طب سنتی چینی | چاقی | اضافه وزن | ملین | لیپیدها | Traditional Chinese medicine | Senna obtusifolia | Cassia obtusifolia | Cassiae semen | Obesity | Overweight | Laxative | Lipids |
مقاله انگلیسی |
6 |
Exploring learning processes associated with a cancer pain self-management intervention in patients and family caregivers: A mixed methods study
بررسی فرآیندهای یادگیری مرتبط با مداخله خود مدیریت سرطان در بیماران و مراقبت های خانوادگی: مطالعه یک روش ترکیبی -2021 Aim: Explore learning processes associated with a psychoeducational pain selfmanagement intervention.
Background: Self-management of cancer pain is challenging for patients and their family caregivers (FCs). While
psychoeducational interventions can support them to handle these tasks, it remains unclear how learning pro-
cesses are hampered or facilitated.
Methods: A convergent parallel mixed methods design with qualitative data collection embedded in a randomized
controlled trial (RCT) was used. Outpatients with cancer and FCs were recruited from three Swiss university
hospitals. The six-week intervention consisted of education, skills building, and nurse coaching. Quantitative
data on pain management knowledge and self-efficacy were analyzed using multilevel models. Patients and FCs
were interviewed post-RCT regarding their learning experiences. Qualitative data analysis was guided by
interpretive description. Finally, quantitative and qualitative data were integrated using case level comparisons
and a meta-matrix.
Results: Twenty-one patients and seven FCs completed this study. The group-by-time effect showed increases in
knowledge (p = 0.035) and self-efficacy (p = 0.007). Patients and FCs learning through experience was sup-
ported by an intervention nurse, who was perceived as competent and trustworthy. After the study, most
intervention group participants felt more confident to implement pain self-management. Finally, data integration
showed that declining health hampered some patients pain self-management.
Conclusions: Competent and trustworthy nurses can support patients and FCs pain self-management by providing
individualized interventions. Using a diary, jointly reflecting on the documented experiences, and addressing
knowledge deficits and misconceptions through the use of academic detailing can facilitate patients and FCs
learning of critical skills. keywords: سرطان | مدیریت درد | آموزش بیمار | روش های ترکیبی تحقیق | خودکار کارآمدی | Cancer | Pain management | Patient education | Mixed methods research | Self-efficacy |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Efficacy and safety of oral and inhalation commercial beta-glucan products: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials
اثربخشی و ایمنی محصولات بتا گلوکان تجاری و خوراکی استنشاق: مرور سیستماتیک کارآزمایی کنترل شده تصادفی-2020 Background & aims: Beta-glucans are advertised as biologically active compounds, with various health
claims.We aimed to summarize results about efficacy and safety of commercial oral and inhalation betaglucan
products on human health from randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Methods: We conducted systematic review of RCTs. We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.
gov. Any commercial product, any types of participants and any health-related outcomes were eligible.
Two authors independently screened studies and extracted data. Cochrane risk of bias tool was used. This
review did not have any extramural funding. Registration: PROSPERO record no. 42016043539.
Results: We included 30 RCTs that were conducted on healthy or ill participants. Most of the trials reported
beneficial effect of beta-glucan, but among the 105 different outcome domains and measures that
were used, only three could be considered clinically relevant, while others were various biomarkers and
surrogate outcomes such as complete blood count. Included studies on average had 33 participants per
study arm, high or unclear risk of bias of at least one domain, and only half of them reported data for
safety. More than half of trials that reported source of funding indicated commercial sponsorship from
producers of beta-glucan. Only five RCTs reported trial registration.
Conclusions: Commercial beta-glucan products were studied in a number of RCTs whose results can be
considered only as preliminary, as they used small number of participants and surrogate outcomes. The
quality of many studies was poor and further research and trials on bigger population should be performed
before a final conclusion can be made. Keywords: Beta-glucan | Systematic review | Evidence | Randomized controlled trial | Research waste |
مقاله انگلیسی |
8 |
Behavioral and Mental Health outcomes from an RCT of a Youth Entrepreneurship Intervention among Native American Adolescents
نتایج رفتاری و بهداشت روان از RCT مداخله کارآفرینی جوانان در میان نوجوانان بومی آمریکا-2020 Purpose: This study reports the impact of an entrepreneurship education intervention designed and evaluated specifically for its impact on substance use, suicide and violence-related outcomes among Native American adolescents.Methods: This randomized controlled trial included N = 394 Native Americans ages 13–16. Participants were randomly assigned 2:1 (n = 267:127) to the Arrowhead Business Group intervention versus a control condition. Logistic mixed effects regression models examined within group and between group differences in trajectory from baseline to 24 months follow-up.Results: Fewer intervention vs. control participants used marijuana at 6-, 12- and 24-months post-intervention (19.6% vs. 28.0%, p = 0.032; 20.4% vs. 31.8%, p = 0.01; and 24.1% vs. 31.4%, p = 0.047). All violence-related measures (suicide attempts, carrying a weapon, missing school because felt unsafe, fighting, and fighting at school) statistically significantly declined between baseline and 24 months for both groups. Positive between group differences favoring intervention participants were observed at 6-months for missing school because felt unsafe, and at 24-months for fighting at school. While alcohol use increased for both groups over time, control participants experienced a two-fold higher increase in binge alcohol use than intervention participants (control: 7.1–16.7% vs. intervention: 8.1–13.0%).Conclusions: This is the first report in the US literature of a youth entrepreneurship intervention designed and evaluated to promote behavioral and mental health outcomes. It shows promise for reducing substance abuse and violence toward self and others, the largest health disparities for Native American youth. Keywords: Substance use | Adolescent | Entrepreneurship education | Native American | Randomized controlled trial | Violence |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Optimal surface estimation and thresholding of confocal microscope images of biofilms using Beers Law
تخمین بهینه سطح و آستانه گرفتن تصاویر میکروسکوپ کانفوکال بیوفیلم ها با استفاده از قانون Beers -2020 Beers Law explains how light attenuates into thick specimens, including thick biofilms. We use a Bayesian
optimality criterion, the maximum of the posterior probability distribution, and computationally efficiently fit
Beers Law to the 3D intensity data collected from thick living biofilms by a confocal scanning laser microscope.
Using this approach the top surface of the biofilm and an optimal image threshold can be estimated. Biofilm
characteristics, such as bio-volumes, can be calculated from this surface. Results from the Bayesian approach are
compared to other approaches including the method of maximum likelihood or simply counting bright pixels.
Uncertainty quantification (i.e., error bars) can be provided for the parameters of interest. This approach is
applied to confocal images of stained biofilms of a common lab strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, stained biofilms
of Janthinobacterium isolated from the Antarctic, and biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus that have been genetically
modified to fluoresce green. Keywords: Attenuation | Thresholding | Maximum likelihood | Beer-Lambert Law | Bayesian | Confocal microscope image analysis |
مقاله انگلیسی |
10 |
The law of the sea and current practices of marine scientific research in the Arctic
قانون دریا و شیوه های فعلی تحقیقات علمی دریایی در قطب شمال-2020 The rapid changes in both climate and human activity occurring in the Arctic Ocean demands improved
knowledge about this region. Combined with eased accessibility due to reduced sea ice cover and new technologies,
this has led to increased research activity in the region. These circumstances put pressure on the
applicable legal framework, i.e. the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Therefore, a conversation
is needed between legal and marine scientists to promote the alignment between the legal framework and current
practices of marine scientific research in the Arctic. This article showcases three current practices of marine
scientific research in the Arctic, which are subsequently analysed in light of the existing legal framework,
highlighting the legal questions arising from the use of these three technologies. The three technologies analysed
here are seabed structures off Svalbard, floating ice-tethered observatories deployed across the marine Arctic,
and remote sensing activities paired with in situ measurements. Keywords: Marine scientific research | Arctic | Law of the sea | Technology | Ocean observatories | Remote sensing |
مقاله انگلیسی |